The use of media by children in early childhood is increasingly common, and it is necessary to investigate the determinants of screen time, which is understood as the total child screen exposure ...time, including television and interactive media. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study conducted with 180 children between 24 and 42 months of age, allocated in Group 1, less than two hours daily screen exposure time; Group 2, daily screen exposure time equal to or more than two hours. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Screen time determining factors studied were family environment, evaluated with the Family Environment Resource Inventory; socioeconomic factors; nutritional status and child development status, evaluated with the Bayley III test. As a result, 63% of children had daily screen time exceeding two hours, and television still is the main culprit for children screen exposure. We observed that screen time exposure was positively associated with family resources, economic level, and language development. However, only the last two factors explained the longer screen time.
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•Anion competitive sorption for Sb species on calcined hydrotalcite was proposed.•Sb(III) and Sb(V) sorption was affected by sulfate and phosphate, respectively.•Antimony species were ...mainly sorbed onto HTC by specific interactions.•EDXRF spectra indicated higher Sb(III) retention onto the sorbent.•A mobilization factor was proposed to estimate desorption extent from hysteresis.
Calcined hydrotalcite can be applied to remove anionic contaminants from aqueous systems such as antimony species due to its great anion exchange capacity and high surface area. Hence, this study evaluated antimonite and antimonate sorption–desorption processes onto calcined hydrotalcite in the presence of nitrate, sulfate and phosphate. Sorption and desorption experiments of antimonite and antimonate were carried out in batch equilibrium and the post-sorption solids were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Sorption data were better fitted by dual-mode Langmuir–Freundlich model (R2>0.99) and desorption data by Langmuir model. High maximum sorption capacities were found for the calcined hydrotalcite, ranging from 617 to 790meqkg−1. The competing anions strongly affected the antimony sorption. EDXRF analysis and mathematical modelling showed that sulfate and phosphate presented higher effect on antimonite and antimonate sorption, respectively. High values for sorption efficiency (SE=99%) and sorption capacity were attributed to the sorbent small particles and the large surface area. Positive hysteresis indexes and low mobilization factors (MF>3%) suggest very low desorption capacity to antimony species from LDH. These calcined hydrotalcite characteristics are desirable for sorption of antimony species from aqueous solutions.
•The in house ZIKV IgM ELISA adapted here presented better performance than the commercial kit tested.•The in house DENV IgM ELISA was as sensitive as the commercial test analyzed, but considerably ...more specific.•In house YFV IgM ELISA was reliable and useful for the laboratorial diagnosis, especially in flavivirus endemic settings.
Zika and Dengue viruses present considerable immunological cross-reactivity, resulting in a troublesome serodiagnosis due to occurrence of false positive results. Due to Brazil’s wide variety of circulating flaviviruses we aimed to access the use of in house serological tests adapted by National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses in Brazil and evaluate commercial tests available. We evaluated in house IgM ELISAs for the individual detection of anti-ZIKV, -DENV, and –YFV IgM, against a panel of samples positive for dengue, zika, yellow fever, Rocio, Ilheus, Saint Louis encephalitis, West Nile and chikungunya. We also evaluated two commercial kits for dengue and zika IgM detection recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2015. The sensitivity and specificity for the in house ZIKV IgM ELISA was 60.0 % and 88.6 % and for the in house DENV IgM ELISA was 100 % and 82.2 %, respectively. The in house YFV IgM ELISA presented 100 % for both sensitivity and specificity. The Novagnost Zika Virus IgM test presented a sensitivity of 47.3 % and specificity of 85.3 % and the Serion ELISA classic Dengue Virus IgM, 92.8 % and 58.9 %, respectively. Overall, both in house ELISAs for ZIKV and DENV adapted and evaluated here, presented better performances than the commercial kits tested.
ABSTRACT Purpose: to examine the influence of familial environment, parental perception, and socioeconomic conditions on the receptive vocabulary of elementary school children. Methods: an analytical ...cross-sectional observational study. The students were selected by stratified proportional sampling, using the Receptive Vocabulary Test. Those responsible for the children answered the anamnesis and the inventory of family environmental resources. Initially, a bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, considering p<0.20. In the multivariate analysis of binary logistic regression, p<0.05 was considered, and the quality of the model was evaluated through the Hosmer-Lemeshow method. Results: out of the 263 students, 131 were males, 142 were in the third grade and were on average 7.6 years old (±0.57), and 111 had a low receptive vocabulary. In the bivariate analysis, there was a relationship between parental perception about learning to read and write, school failure, and the outcome (p<0.05). The variables environment, resources, and stability of family life were also used for multivariate analysis (p<0.20). Conclusion: Parental perception of difficulty in reading and writing and a lack of family stability were factors associated with poor receptive vocabulary.
RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a influência do ambiente familiar, percepção parental e condições socioeconômicas no vocabulário receptivo de escolares do ensino fundamental. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional transversal analítico. Os escolares, selecionados por amostragem proporcional estratificada, realizaram o Teste de Vocabulário Receptivo. Os responsáveis responderam à anamnese e ao Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar. Inicialmente, realizou-se análise bivariada pelo teste Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,20. Na análise multivariada de regressão logística binária, considerou-se o valor p<0,05 e a qualidade do modelo foi avaliada pelo método Hosmer-Lemeshow. Resultados: dos 263 escolares, 131 são do sexo masculino, 142 do terceiro ano, possuem idade média de 7,6 anos (±0,57) e 111 apresentam vocabulário receptivo rebaixado. Na análise bivariada, observou-se relação entre percepção parental acerca do aprendizado da leitura, da escrita, repetência escolar e o desfecho (p<0,05). Também foram para análise multivariada as variáveis recursos do ambiente e estabilidade da vida familiar (p<0,20). Conclusão: a percepção parental de dificuldade de leitura e de escrita e a falta de estabilidade familiar foram fatores associados ao pior vocabulário receptivo.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the lian gong practice as a rehabilitation strategy in primary health care on the quality of life and functional capacity of people with dizziness. METHODS: ...Randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six people, who were complaining of dizziness or vertigo without the presence of central signs and were referred by the physician of primary health care participated in the study. The individuals were randomly allocated to the three experimental conditions: lian gong group (n = 11), vestibular rehabilitation group (n = 11) and control group (n = 14). The interventions were weekly, in group, with duration of 12 sessions. The participants were evaluated before and after the intervention regarding quality of life by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the functional capacity by the Short Physical Performance Battery. RESULTS: The scores of all domains of the Short Form Health Survey increased after intervention in the lian gong group. This variation was higher than that observed in the control group for the domains functional capacity, limitation by physical aspects and general health status, and also higher than that found after the intervention in the Vestibular Rehabilitation Group regarding pain. No differences were found in the Short Physical Performance Battery. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results presented, lian gong improves the quality of life of individuals with dizziness, without altering the functional capacity.
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores associados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças de 24 a 42 meses de idade, assim como caracterizar a disponibilidade de brinquedos e recursos presentes no ...ambiente familiar e as práticas parentais que sinalizam estabilidade familiar. Método Estudo transversal analítico realizado com crianças regularmente matriculadas em instituições de ensino públicas e privadas de uma cidade de médio porte. O desenvolvimento cognitivo foi avaliado por meio do teste Bayley e a qualidade do ambiente que vive a criança foi avaliada utilizando-se o Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar- RAF adaptado. Para conhecimento do nível econômico das famílias utilizou-se o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil 2015 (CCEB). As crianças foram alocados em dois grupos com base no resultado do teste cognitivo e comparadas quanto às atividades e rotinas da família e recursos presentes no domicílio. Resultados Das 104 crianças avaliadas, 72% são matriculadas na rede de ensino público, 69% pertencentes as classes econômicas C e D. De acordo com o desenvolvimento cognitivo, 55% obtiveram desenvolvimento acima da média aritmética. Na análise bivariada observou-se que os passeios e viagens realizados pela criança, maior escolaridade materna e paterna, vínculo com creches particulares, assim como a maior disponibilidade de recursos e níveis econômicos maiores foram relacionados a melhores escores cognitivos. Os dois últimos fatores permaneceram como preditores do desenvolvimento cognitivo na análise de regressão logística binária. Conclusão Maior disponibilidade de recursos no ambiente familiar e níveis econômicos foram positivamente associados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo.
ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the factors associated with the cognitive development of children from 24 to 42 months of age, as well as to characterize the availability of toys and resources present in the family environment, and the parental practices that signal family stability. Methods Cross-sectional analytical study conducted with children regularly enrolled in public and private educational institutions of a medium-sized city. Cognitive development was assessed by means of the Bayley test and the quality of the environment was evaluated using the Adapted Family Environment Resource Inventory (FERI). The children were allocated into two groups based on the cognitive test result and compared regarding activities performed at home; reports of outings and trips in the last year; presence of regular scheduled activities; activities developed with parents; toys the child has or has had; presence of newspapers, magazines, and books at home; the person responsible for monitoring the child during day-care; and routines of the child and family. Results Of the 104 children evaluated, 72% were enrolled in the public education network and 69% belonged to economic classes C and D. Regarding cognitive development, 55% had above-average development. In the bivariate analysis, it was observed that greater availability of toys and materials for the child and higher economic levels were related to better scores on the cognitive development test. These remained as predictors of cognitive development in binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Greater availability of resources in the family environment and economic levels were positively associated with cognitive development in children.
To describe the prevalence of interactive media (tablets and smartphones) use by children aged two to four years old, as well as to characterize this use, and investigate habits, practices, parents' ...participation and opinion about their child's interactive media use.
A cross-sectional study with 244 parents or legal guardians of children enrolled in daycare centers in a small Brazilian municipality was conducted. A questionnaire based on interactive media use and related habits were applied, and economic level was assessed. Children were divided into three different groups according to media use: Group 1 did not use (n=81); Group 2 uses up to 45 min/day (n=83) and Group 3 uses more than 45 min/day (n=80). Then, they were compared with regard to the sociodemographic variables and media use by the Chi-square test and Student's t-test.
The prevalence of interactive media use was 67.2%, with a mean time of use of 69.2 minutes/day (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 57.1-81.2). The activities most performed were watching videos (55%), listening to music (33%) and playing games (28%). Most parents reported allowing media use in order to stimulate their child's development (58.4%), accompanying them during use (75.2%), and limiting media time (86.4%).
We observed high interactive media use prevalence. The predominant way of using these devices was marked by parent-child participation. Most parents reported believing in the benefits of interactive media. Passive activities were more frequent, with restricted time of use.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Corynebacterium striatum has been cited with increased frequency as pathogen of nosocomial infections. In this study, we report the draft genome of a C. striatum isolated ...from a patient with bloodstream infection in a hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate presented susceptibility only to tetracycline, vancomycin and linezolid. The detection of various antibiotic resistance genes is fully consistent with previously observed multidrug-resistant pattern in Corynebacterium spp. A large part of the pTP10 plasmid of MDR C. striatum M82B is present in the genome of our isolate. A SpaDEF cluster and seven arrays of CRISPR-Cas were found.
to provide sources of content validity evidence for the Post-Stroke Guidance and Follow-up Booklet.
a quantitative-qualitative approach, using two Delphi method and content analysis rounds. The ...Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health was sent to 53 independent judges. A Content Validity Index above 0.90 was considered.
of the 14 nurses who participated, 64.3% have experience with stroke care, 35.7% with primary care and 64.3% with educational material production. In content analysis, judges' suggestions were stratified into four categories: material conformation, objectivity, accuracy and perception. Spelling changes were made to the images, addition of functionality scale, adequacy of technical terms and language. The Content Validity Index in the second round showed a concordance of 0.97.
the booklet presented satisfactory content validity sources of evidence.
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