The role of oxidative stress in schizophrenia has been demonstrated, particularly in subjects with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In such patients, the decreased levels of antioxidants in ...conjunction with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the brain exposes the neurons to a higher risk of damage.
We evaluated the association of deletion polymorphisms of two genes of the antioxidant Glutathione S-Transferase family, GSTT1 and GSTM1, with susceptibility to TRS. A total of 54 TRS patients (mean age 38.7 years) and 78 healthy control subjects (mean age 39.0 years) were enrolled in this study. The subjects were matched by sex, age, and smoking and alcohol consumption habits. In the case group, the frequencies of GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null genotypes were 24.1 and 51.9%, respectively, whereas for the control group, the frequencies were 12.8 and 46.2%, respectively. Analysis performed with respect to the risk of developing TRS associated with the GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms, resulted in odds ratio (OR) values of 2.1 and 1.2, respectively. However, the association was not found to be significant (p = 0.1229 and p = 0.5916, respectively). The analysis performed with respect to the combined genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 revealed that the double-null genotype confers a 4.6-fold increased risk of developing TRS (p = 0.0412).
The results of the present study indicate that a combination of GST deficiencies may play a role in enhanced susceptibility to TRS, and the present genotype of one of these genes may buffer the deficiency caused by the lack (null genotype) of the other. The results suggest that combined deletion polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 can have implications in the prediction of the clinical course of the disease.
DC. is a plant species from the Asteraceae family that is endemic to Brazil. Despite the great importance of
genus, no study has been carried out regarding either the phytochemical composition of
or ...the evaluation of its larvicidal potential. Considering the intrinsic immiscibility of essential oils, this study shows larvicidal nanoemulsions containing the
phytochemically characterized essential oil and its main constituent against
. The major compound found was d-limonene (25.7%). The essential oil inhibited the acetylcholinesterase, one of the main targets of insecticides. The required hydrophile-lipophile balance of both nanoemulsions was 15.0. The mean droplet sizes were around 90.0 nm, and no major alterations were observed after 24 h of preparation for both formulations. After 48 h of treatment, the estimated LC
values were 118.94 μg mL
and 81.19 μg mL
for
essential oil and d-limonene nanoemulsions, respectively. Morphological alterations evidenced by scanning electron micrography were observed on the larvae treated with the d-limonene nanoemulsion. This paper demonstrated a simple and ecofriendly method for obtaining
essential oil and d-limonene aqueous nanoemulsions by a non-heating and solvent-free method, as promising alternatives for
control.
Seven new abietane diterpenoids, comprising medusanthol A–G (1–3, 5, 7–9) and two previously identified analogs (4 and 6), were isolated from the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Medusantha ...martiusii. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic data, IR spectroscopy, NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, and ECD calculations. The anti-neuroinflammatory potential of compounds 1–7 was evaluated by determining their ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in BV2 microglia stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ. Compounds 1–4 and 7 exhibited decreased NO levels at a concentration of 12.5 µM. Compound 1 demonstrated strong activity with an IC50 of 3.12 µM, and compound 2 had an IC50 of 15.53 µM; both compounds effectively reduced NO levels compared to the positive control quercetin (IC50 11.8 µM). Additionally, both compounds significantly decreased TNF-α levels, indicating their potential as promising anti-neuroinflammatory agents.
Although of unknown etiology, some mechanisms associated with the metabolic cycle of folate are speculated to be related to the genesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, the aim of the ...study was to analyze the role of genetic polymorphisms rs1051266 in SLC19A1 gene and rs1805087 in MTR gene and their associations with ALS development. A case–control study was conducted with 101 individuals with ALS and 119 individuals without diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, from the Brazilian central population. The polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed no statistically significant differences, even when genotypes were analyzed by the dominant, recessive, codominant, and overdominant inheritance models. It was observed a statistical significance relating alcohol consumption with individuals in the case group (p = 0.01). Therefore, the need for more studies to evaluate the influence of genetic variants is highlighted, seeking to provide information on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
GATA2 is a transcription factor that is a critical regulator of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. GATA2 deficiency presents with multi-lineage cytopenia, mycobacterial, fungal and viral ...infections. Patients with GATA2 mutation have a high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia.
We described a 43 years-old white male with 20-year follow-up of autoimmune and thrombotic phenomena, hypothyroidism, disseminated refractory Mycobacterium kansasii infection and MonoMAC syndrome. GATA2 c.1061 C > T; p.T354 M mutation was identified after he progressed from myelodysplastic pancytopenia to refractory anemia with excess blasts type II. His relatives were also investigated and he underwent unsuccessful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We discuss the clinical features, genetic diagnosis and treatment of this immunodeficiency disorder.
This case illustrates the challenge how a multidisciplinary disease should be handle. Once usual causes of immunodeficiency were excluded, clinicians should considerGATA2 deficiency in patients with myelodysplasia and long-standing Mycobacterium kansasii infection.
Faced with lockdowns, it was mandatory the development of supervised home-based RT protocols to keep patients with chronic kidney disease engaged in programs. Nonetheless, there is a lack of ...scientific literature regarding its effects on patients.
To investigate the effects of a supervised home-based progressive resistance training program on functional performance, bone mineral density, renal function, endothelial health, inflammation, glycemic homeostasis, metabolism, redox balance, and the modulation of exerkines in patients with CKD in stage 2.
Patients (n = 31) were randomized and allocated into the control group (CTL; n = 15; 58.07 ± 5.22 yrs) or resistance training group (RT; n = 16; 57.94 ± 2.74 yrs). RT group performed 22 weeks of supervised progressive home-based resistance exercises. Bone mineral density, anthropometric measurements, and functional performance were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention for the analysis of markers of renal function, endothelial health, inflammation, glycemic homeostasis, metabolism, and redox balance.
Twenty-two weeks of home-based RT were effective in improving (P < 0.05) functional performance, bone mineral density, uremic profile, ADMA, inflammatory markers, the Klotho-FGF23 axis, glycemic homeostasis markers, and exerkines. These improvements were accompanied by higher concentrations of exerkines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RT group displayed a decrease in cases of osteopenia after the intervention (RT: 50 % vs. CTL: 86.7 %; X2 = 4.763; P = 0.029).
Results provide new evidence that supervised home-based progressive RT may be a relevant intervention to attenuate the progression of CKD and improve functional capacity, bone mineral density, and the immunometabolic profile. These improvements are associated with positive modulation of several exerkines.
Genomic selection is an efficient approach to get shorter breeding cycles in recurrent selection programs and greater genetic gains with selection of superior individuals. Despite advances in ...genotyping techniques, genetic studies for polyploid species have been limited to a rough approximation of studies in diploid species. The major challenge is to distinguish the different types of heterozygotes present in polyploid populations. In this work, we evaluated different genomic prediction models applied to a recurrent selection population of 530 genotypes of
, an autotetraploid forage grass. We also investigated the effect of the allele dosage in the prediction,
, considering tetraploid (GS-TD) or diploid (GS-DD) allele dosage. A longitudinal linear mixed model was fitted for each one of the six phenotypic traits, considering different covariance matrices for genetic and residual effects. A total of 41,424 genotyping-by-sequencing markers were obtained using 96-plex and
1 restriction enzyme, and quantitative genotype calling was performed. Six predictive models were generalized to tetraploid species and predictive ability was estimated by a replicated fivefold cross-validation process. GS-TD and GS-DD models were performed considering 1,223 informative markers. Overall, GS-TD data yielded higher predictive abilities than with GS-DD data. However, different predictive models had similar predictive ability performance. In this work, we provide bioinformatic and modeling guidelines to consider tetraploid dosage and observed that genomic selection may lead to additional gains in recurrent selection program of
.
This study evaluated the median lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles and their effects in fish tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Therefore, an acute toxicity assay was carried out in completely ...randomized design evaluating six different concentrations of silver nanoparticles on blood parameters of tambaqui. The silver nanoparticles were produced by chemical reduction with polyvinyl alcohol (AgNP-PVA). The lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was estimated using probit regression. The blood was collected, analyzed and the data were submitted to T-test (dying x surviving fish) and Tukey test (surviving fish). An increase in glucose, hematocrit, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils as well as reduced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in dying fish compared to surviving fish were observed. Survived fish exposed to 187.5 µg/L showed an increase in hematocrit, MCV, and MCH and a reduction in erythrocytes, total numbers of leukocyte, thrombocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil. The fish exposed to concentrations below 125 µg/L, had returned the blood parameter to baselines compared to control. The estimated LC50 was 165.09 µg/L and was classified as highly toxic for the fish tambaqui. In higher concentrations, it causes an acute respiratory toxicity, but in concentrations below 125 µg/L, the fish can adapt to the stressing agent.
The combination of chiral supported‐organocatalysts and flow chemistry promotes the sustainable production of enantioenriched compounds providing a very powerful tool for chemical and pharmaceutical ...industries. However, the rapid deactivation of these catalysts in heterogeneous asymmetric reactions has been limiting the expansion of the area. In this work we report for the first time the advantages of synthesizing, immobilizing, and using a silica‐supported organocatalyst under a complete continuous‐flow approach, showing the impact of this method on the morphology, structure and lifetime of the organocatalyst. The first generation MacMillan's organocatalyst was prepared from L‐phenylalanine and immobilized in silica through a carbamate linkage under batch and continuous‐flow conditions. We also evaluated the performance of both batch and continuous‐flow organocatalysts in the Diels‐Alder reaction for proof of concept.
Flow to prevent degradation: A major issue of silica‐supported organocatalysts is the degradation of the solid material and the erosion of the matrix properties during its immobilization and usage in batch. In this work, we report for the first time, the advantages of a complete continuous‐flow approach towards the synthesis, immobilization and use of MacMillan's silica‐supported organocatalyst.
Nature-Inspired Framework for Hyperspectral Band Selection Nakamura, Rodrigo Y. M.; Fonseca, Leila Maria Garcia; Santos, Jefersson Alex dos ...
IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,
04/2014, Volume:
52, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Although hyperspectral images acquired by on-board satellites provide information from a wide range of wavelengths in the spectrum, the obtained information is usually highly correlated. This paper ...proposes a novel framework to reduce the computation cost for large amounts of data based on the efficiency of the optimum-path forest (OPF) classifier and the power of metaheuristic algorithms to solve combinatorial optimizations. Simulations on two public data sets have shown that the proposed framework can indeed improve the effectiveness of the OPF and considerably reduce data storage costs.
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