BackgroundHuman carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a role in various pathological mechanisms by controlling intracellular and extracellular pH balance. Irregular expression and function of CAs have been ...associated with multiple human diseases, such as obesity, cancer, glaucoma, and epilepsy. In this work, we identify herbal compounds that are potential inhibitors of CA VI. MethodsWe used the AutoDock tool to evaluate binding affinity between the CA VI active site and 79 metabolites derived from flavonoids, anthraquinones, or cinnamic acids. Compounds ranked at the top were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interactions between the best CA VI inhibitors and residues within the CA VI active site were examined before and after MD analysis. Additionally, the effects of the most potent CA VI inhibitor on cell viability were ascertained in vitro through the 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ResultsKaempferol 3-rutinoside-4-glucoside, orientin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside, cynarin, and chlorogenic acid were estimated to establish binding with the CA VI catalytic domain at the picomolar scale. The range of root mean square deviations for CA VI complexes with kaempferol 3-rutinoside-4-glucoside, aloe-emodin 8-glucoside, and cynarin was 1.37 to 2.05, 1.25 to 1.85, and 1.07 to 1.54 Å, respectively. The MTT assay results demonstrated that cynarin had a substantial effect on HCT-116 cell viability. ConclusionThis study identified several herbal compounds that could be potential drug candidates for inhibiting CA VI.
•Expression of recombinant human growth hormone in E. coli in soluble form using low temperature and different media composition.
Human growth hormone (hGH) is synthesized and stored by somatotroph ...cells of the anterior pituitary gland and can effect on body metabolism. This protein can be used to treat hGH deficiency, Prader–Willi syndrome and Turner syndrome. The limitations in current technology for soluble recombinant protein production, such as inclusion body formation, decrease its usage for therapeutic purposes. To achieve high levels of soluble form of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) we used suitable host strain, appropriate induction temperature, induction time and culture media composition. For this purpose, 32 experiments were designed using Taguchi method and the levels of produced proteins in all 32 experiments were evaluated primarily by ELISA and dot blotting and finally the purified rhGH protein products assessed by SDS–PAGE and Western blotting techniques. Our results indicate that media, bacterial strains, temperature and induction time have significant effects on the production of rhGH. The low cultivation temperature of 25°C, TB media (with 3% ethanol and 0.6M glycerol), Origami strain and a 10-h induction time increased the solubility of human growth hormone.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as one of the global problems that endangers the lives of thousands of people every year. Various treatments have been used to deal with this disease, but in some ...cases, they are not effective. Circular RNAs, as a novel class of noncoding RNAs, have different expression levels and various functions in cancer cells, such as gene regulation through microRNA sponging. They play an important role in various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Changes in the process of apoptosis are closely related to the progression or inhibition of various malignancies. Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is a promising target for tumor therapy. In this study, circRNAs were investigated as being central to the induction or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC. It is hoped that through targeted changes in the function of these biomolecules, better outcomes will be achieved in cancer treatment. Perhaps better outcomes for cancer treatment can be achieved by using new methods and modifying the expression of these nucleic acids. However, using this method may come with challenges and limitations.
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Introduction: Gastrointestinal symptoms are present in 50% of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 patients. In addition, bowel abnormalities are a common finding of COVID-19, and ...bowel-wall disorder is reported in 31% of computed tomography images of COVID-19 patients. Case History: We report three postpartum cases with colon perforation after Cesarean section and positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2-RNA and during the main peak of COVID-19 pandemic, who were managed by early detection, laparotomy, and effective treatment and were discharged and followed up. Conclusion: A colonic perforation could be considered as one of the causes of abdominal pain especially in women with a past surgical history as well as patients with infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Therefore, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound or x-ray was strongly recommended for postpartum women with abnormal abdominal distension, gastrointestinal symptoms, and pain to prevent possible fetal complications.
Introduction:Human growth hormone (hGH) is a single-chain polypeptide derived from pituitary gland that participates in a wide range of biological functions and has therapeutic applications. The ...hormone consists of 191 amino acid residues (22kD) which folds into a four-helix bundle structure with two disulfide bridges. Due to the complication of internal cell protein extraction, several methods have been established for this purpose that most of them need special instruments. Thus, in the preliminary studies, scientists need a quick and simple method for cell disruption and protein extraction. The aim of the present study was production of hGH in E.coli and comparison between the freeze/thaw and Sonication method for protein extraction from cells.Materials and methods:The competent cells of E. coli Origami (DE3) were transformed using plasmid containing human growth hormone gene and then cultured in LB medium. After IPTG induction, the hGH was extracted using various methods including bacterial lysing, freeze/thaw and sonication methods and then extracted protein was assessed using ELISA, Bradford, dot blot and Western blotting.Results:According to our findings, bacterial transformation showed high efficiency of transformation. Furthermore, the results of dot blot and Western blot showed production of recombinant hGH at high levels. Protein extraction measurement using ELISA and Bradford methods indicated that the proportion of the extracted protein in the slow freeze/thaw method was higher than the fastfreeze/thaw method and was almost equal to sonication method.Discussion and conclusion:The extracted protein levels in both of the slow freeze/ thaw and ultrasonic methods was equal, which introduces the slow freeze/thaw method as an excellent substitution for ultrasonic method when special instruments are not available.
IntroductionGastrointestinal symptoms are present in 50% of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 patients. In addition, bowel abnormalities are a common finding of COVID-19, and ...bowel-wall disorder is reported in 31% of computed tomography images of COVID-19 patients.Case HistoryWe report three postpartum cases with colon perforation after Cesarean section and positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2-RNA and during the main peak of COVID-19 pandemic, who were managed by early detection, laparotomy, and effective treatment and were discharged and followed up.ConclusionA colonic perforation could be considered as one of the causes of abdominal pain especially in women with a past surgical history as well as patients with infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Therefore, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound or x-ray was strongly recommended for postpartum women with abnormal abdominal distension, gastrointestinal symptoms, and pain to prevent possible fetal complications.
There is limited information about pesticide contamination in Iran’s agricultural land, particularly in plains producing exportable fruits. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the ...concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), chlordane (CHL), and their isomers compounds in agricultural soils of southern Iran. A total of 28 topsoil samples were collected from agricultural lands of Dalaki and Shabankare areas, Bushehr, Iran. In Dalaki area, the mean value of ΣHCH (α, β, γ, δ), ΣDDT (o,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDT, and DDT), and ΣCHL (Trans-chlordane, Cis-chlordane, Heptachlor-exo-epoxide, and Heptachlor) was found to be 0.411 ng/g (dry weight, dw), 4.37 ng/g dw, and 2.04 ng/g dw, respectively. In Shabankare area the mean value of ΣHCH, ΣDDT, and ΣCHL was measured to be 1.38 ng/g dw, 11.99 ng/g dw, and 1.62 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentration trend of pesticides in both areas was as follows: DDT > CHL > HCH. Source identification indicated recent usage of HCH and DDT in the studied areas. Obtaining a cis-chlordane/trans-chlordane ratio greater than one in Shabankare farmlands showed that chlordane was not used recently. The health risk assessment showed that children and adults groups in both areas are exposed to negligible cancer risk. More serious attempts are necessary to reduce usage of OCPs during the agricultural process and the protection of soil and human health in the studied areas.
•Levels of OCPs in the Iranian plains were relatively low in a global perspective.•Levels trend of OCPs in studied areas was as follows: DDT > CHL > HCH.•Chlordane pesticide residue in the Shabankare area was related to its past uses.•Source identification showed recent use of HCH and DDT in the studied plains.•OCPs in Iranian agricultural soils will not pose any health risks to the residents.
