The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between chronic condition symptoms and treatment burden in older adults transitioning from skilled nursing facilities to home. ...Treatment burden is defined as the burden associated with adhering to a prescribed chronic condition self-management regimen. Analysis of correlations between chronic condition symptoms and treatment burden revealed that symptoms and treatment burden are positively correlated (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis (adjusted R
= 0.40, F10, 63 = 5.96, p < 0.001), controlling for other known antecedents of treatment burden, demonstrated that fatigue (standardized beta coefficient = 0.47, p < 0.001) predicted higher levels of treatment burden. Post hoc analysis revealed caregiver presence partially mediated the effect of fatigue on treatment burden, decreasing treatment burden during transition. Findings support existing transitional care literature suggesting that clinical assessment, including symptom screening, treatment of symptoms, and/or intervention reducing the impact of symptoms on patients' health and well-being, may lower treatment burden, thus improving self-management adherence. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(12), 45-52..
We report the inclusion of carboxy‐ and amine‐substituted molecular nanodiamonds (NDs) adamantane, diamantane, and triamantane by β‐cyclodextrin and γ‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD and γ‐CD), which have ...particularly well‐suited hydrophobicity and symmetry for an optimal fit of the host and guest molecules. We studied the host–guest interactions in detail and generally observed 1:1 association of the NDs with the larger γ‐CD cavity, but observed 1:2 association for the largest ND in the series (triamantane) with β‐CD. We found higher binding affinities for carboxy‐substituted NDs than for amine‐substituted NDs. Additionally, cyclodextrin vesicles (CDVs) were decorated with d‐mannose by using adamantane, diamantane, and triamantane as non‐covalent anchors, and the resulting vesicles were compared with the lectin concanavalin A in agglutination experiments. Agglutination was directly correlated to the host–guest association: adamantane showed lower agglutination than di‐ or triamantane with β‐CDV and almost no agglutination with γ‐CDV, whereas high agglutination was observed for di‐ and triamantane with γ‐CDV.
Be our guest! Carboxy‐ and amino‐substituted molecular nanodiamonds (adamantane, diamantane, and triamantane) are excellent guest molecules for β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin due to their hydrophobicity and symmetry. Additionally, these high‐affinity guest molecules are used as non‐covalent anchor molecules for the selective self‐assembly of cyclodextrin vesicles (see scheme; ConA=concanavalin A).
Following agricultural application, pesticides can enter streams through runoff during rain events. However, little information is available on the temporal dynamics of pesticide toxicity during the ...main application period. We investigated pesticide application and large scale in-stream monitoring data from 101 agricultural catchments obtained from a Germany-wide monitoring from April to July in 2018 and 2019. We analysed temporal patterns of pesticide application, in-stream toxicity and exceedances of regulatory acceptable concentrations (RAC) for over 70 pesticides. On a monthly scale from April to July, toxicity to invertebrates and algae/aquatic plants (algae) obtained with event-driven samples (EDS) was highest in May/June. The peak of toxicity towards invertebrates and algae coincided with the peaks of insecticide and herbicide application. Future monitoring, i.e. related to the Water Framework Directive, could be limited to time periods of highest pesticide applications on a seasonal scale. On a daily scale, toxicity to invertebrates from EDS exceeded those of grab samples collected within one day after rainfall by a factor of 3.7. Within two to three days, toxicity in grab samples declined compared to EDS by a factor of ten for invertebrates, and a factor of 1.6 for algae. Thus, toxicity to invertebrates declined rapidly within 1 day after a rainfall event, whereas toxicity to algae remained elevated for up to 4 days. For six pesticides, RAC exceedances could only be detected in EDS. The exceedances of RACs coincided with the peaks in pesticide application. Based on EDS, we estimated that pesticide exposure would need a 37-fold reduction of all analysed pesticides, to meet the German environmental target to keep RAC exceedances below 1 % of EDS. Overall, our study shows a high temporal variability of exposure on a monthly but also daily scale to individual pesticides that can be linked to their period of application and related rain events.
Display omitted
•Pesticides monitored with grab and event-driven sampling over several months•Highest event-related exposure of pesticides during May/June in Germany•Peak toxicity for invertebrates ten times higher than baseline•Peak toxicity for algae and aquatic plants six times higher than baseline•Pesticide exposure to be reduced by a factor of 37 to meet National Action Plan goal
The ability to use information from one’s prior actions is necessary for decision-making. While orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been hypothesized as key for inferences made using cue and value-related ...information, whether OFC populations contribute to the use of information from volitional actions to guide behavior is not clear. Here, we used a self-paced lever-press hold-down task in which mice infer prior lever-press durations to guide subsequent action performance. We show that the activity of genetically identified lateral OFC (lOFC) subpopulations differentially instantiate current and prior action information during ongoing action execution. Transient state-dependent lOFC circuit disruptions of specified subpopulations reduced the encoding of ongoing press durations but did not disrupt the use of prior action information to guide future action performance. In contrast, a chronic functional loss of lOFC circuit activity resulted in increased reliance on recently executed lever-press durations and impaired contingency reversal, suggesting the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms that resulted in repetitive action control. Our results identify a novel role for lOFC in the integration of action information to guide adaptive behavior.
•Lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) populations represent action information•lOFC activity is important for encoding past action information for future use•lOFC activity is not important for use of prior action information•Chronic loss of lOFC activity recruits compensatory repetitive action control
Cazares et al. show that lateral OFC is necessary for action-related information used in decision-making. Actions are differentially represented by the activity of distinct lOFC populations, with activity perturbations preventing the encoding, but not use, of prior action information. lOFC lesions recruit compensatory repetitive action control.
Consumption of glucosinolate-rich Brassicales vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer with enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates playing a key role. However, formation of ...health-promoting isothiocyanates is inhibited by the epithiospecifier protein in favour of nitriles and epithionitriles. Domestic processing conditions, such as changes in pH value, temperature or dilution, might also affect isothiocyanate formation. Therefore, the influences of these three factors were evaluated in accessions of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mathematical modelling was performed to determine optimal isothiocyanate formation conditions and to obtain knowledge on the kinetics of the reactions. At 22 °C and endogenous plant pH, nearly all investigated plants formed nitriles and epithionitriles instead of health-promoting isothiocyanates. Response surface models, however, clearly demonstrated that upon change in pH to domestic acidic (pH 4) or basic pH values (pH 8), isothiocyanate formation considerably increases. While temperature also affects this process, the pH value has the greatest impact. Further, a kinetic model showed that isothiocyanate formation strongly increases due to dilution. Finally, the results show that isothiocyanate intake can be strongly increased by optimizing the conditions of preparation of Brassicales vegetables.
Fundamentals of 3D dosimetry Schreiner, L J
Journal of physics. Conference series,
08/2019, Volume:
1305, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Since 1999 it has been convention at the IC3Ddose conferences to provide an opportunity for interested attendees to come together for an early morning session to review the basic properties of one ...family of 3D dosimeters: volumetric chemical dosimeters. Seasoned workers in the field benefit from a refreshed perspective, while those new to the field get an overview of this one modality for 3D dose measurement early in the conference. The intent of the session is to describe the basic science and characteristics of these true 3D systems, how they work and how they are read out. This provides some basic foundation to all attendees before the conference moves to the more detailed presentations directed to various specific issues and applications (e.g., looking at specific gel or plastic dosimeter, its readout and its clinical utilization). This talk is that session.
New ionosphere and electrodynamics modules have been incorporated in the thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM‐X), in order to self‐consistently ...simulate the coupled atmosphere‐ionosphere system. The first specified dynamics WACCM‐X v.2.0 results are compared with several data sets, and with the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM), during the deep solar minimum year. Comparisons with Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite of temperature and zonal wind in the lower thermosphere show that WACCM‐X reproduces the seasonal variability of tides remarkably well, including the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal components and the nonmigrating diurnal eastward propagating zonal wavenumber 3 component. There is overall agreement between WACCM‐X, TIE‐GCM, and vertical drifts observed by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite over the magnetic equator, but apparent discrepancies also exist. Both model results are dominated by diurnal variations, while C/NOFS observed vertical plasma drifts exhibit strong temporal variations. The climatological features of ionospheric peak densities and heights (NmF2 and hmF2) from WACCM‐X are in general agreement with the results derived from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) data, although the WACCM‐X predicted NmF2 values are smaller, and the equatorial ionization anomaly crests are closer to the magnetic equator compared to COSMIC and ionosonde observations. This may result from the excessive mixing in the lower thermosphere due to the gravity wave parameterization. These data‐model comparisons demonstrate that WACCM‐X can capture the dynamic behavior of the coupled atmosphere and ionosphere in a climatological sense.
Plain Language Summary
The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) is a numerical model of entire atmosphere, from the surface to around 600 km in altitude. Recent enhancements to WACCM‐X include a fully coupled ionosphere, including electric field effects and ion transport. WACCM‐X results are compared with several datasets, and with a predecessor, the TIE‐GCM during a very low solar activity year 2008. Comparisons with wind and temperature measurements by the TIMED satellite show that WACCM‐X reproduces the seasonal variability of atmospheric tides remarkably well. There is overall agreement between WACCM‐X, TIE‐GCM, and vertical ion motions observed by the C/NOFS satellite over the magnetic equator, but apparent discrepancies also exist among them. The climatological features of ionospheric peak densities and heights from WACCM‐X are in general agreement with results derived from COSMIC data, although the WACCM‐X‐predicted peak values are smaller, and the equatorial ionosphere has bands of enhancement that are closer to the magnetic equator compared to COSMIC and ionosonde observations. These data‐model comparisons demonstrate that WACCM‐X can capture the basic climate and variation of the coupled atmosphere and ionosphere.
Key Points
First evaluation of WACCM‐X during deep solar minimum year was carried out
Data‐model comparisons illustrate the high fidelity of WACCM‐X
We report the preparation, matrix‐isolation, and IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic characterization of phenyl phosphine diselenide, thus providing the first experimental evidence of the monomeric form of ...Woollins' reagent. Phenyl phosphine diselenide was prepared by thermal dissociation of Woollins' reagent and was identified by matching its spectroscopic data with density functional theory B3LYP‐D3/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) computations. The title compound proved to be highly photolabile and irradiation with light at λ = 334 nm results in the formation of hitherto unknown phenyldiselenyl phosphirane. Upon λ = 465 nm irradiation it rearranges back to phenyl phosphine diselenide.
Phenyl phosphine diselenide was isolated in solid argon and characterized spectroscopically. This hitherto unreported molecule has been postulated as the key intermediate derived from Woollins′ reagent that is extremely useful in selenium transfer reactions. It photolabile and irradiation with light (λ = 334 nm) led to rearrangement to the hitherto unknown cyclic isomer phenyldiselenyl phosphirane.
Race, specifically African ancestry, and obesity are important risk factors for uterine fibroids, and likely interact to provide the right conditions for fibroid growth. However, existing studies ...largely focus on the main-effects rather than their interaction. Here, we firstly provide evidence for interaction between categories of body mass index (BMI) and reported-race in relation to uterine fibroids. We then investigate whether the association between inferred local European ancestry and fibroid risk is modified by BMI in African American (AA) women in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center bio-repository (BioVU) (539 cases and 794 controls) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA, 264 cases and 173 controls). We used multiple logistic regression to evaluate interactions between local European ancestry and BMI in relation to fibroid risk, then performed fixed effects meta-analysis. Statistical significance threshold for local-ancestry and BMI interactions was empirically estimated with 10,000 permutations (p-value = 1.18x10-4). Admixture mapping detected an association between European ancestry and fibroid risk which was modified by BMI (continuous-interaction p-value = 3.75x10-5) around ADTRP (chromosome 6p24); the strongest association was found in the obese category (ancestry odds ratio (AOR) = 0.51, p-value = 2.23x10-5). Evaluation of interaction between genotyped/imputed variants and BMI in this targeted region suggested race-specific interaction, present in AAs only; strongest evidence was found for insertion/deletion variant (6:11946435), again in the obese category (OR = 1.66, p-value = 1.72x10-6). We found nominal evidence for interaction between local ancestry and BMI at a previously reported region in chromosome 2q31-32, which includes COL5A2, and TFPI, an immediate downstream target of ADTRP. Interactions between BMI and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) found in this region in AA women were also detected in an independent European American population of 1,195 cases and 1,164 controls. Findings from our study provide an example of how modifiable and non-modifiable factors may interact to influence fibroid risk and suggest a biological role for BMI in fibroid etiology.
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