The MADMAX project aims at detecting axion dark matter in the mass range of 100 μeV. To do so, a dipole detector magnet producing 100 T²m² is needed. In the framework of an innovation partnership ...with the Max Planck Institute, CEA Paris-Saclay designed this large-scale magnet producing 9 T in a 1.35 m bore. The magnet is made of a cable in-conduit conductor (CICC), operating at 1.8 K. One of the main challenges of this novel design is to guarantee the magnet safety towards quench management. In order to validate the magnet and conductor designs, a mock-up coil with a quench behavior scalable to MADMAX was designed, manufactured and cold tested. The paper gives an overview of the main guidelines followed to design the prototype fully representative of the MADMAX quench behavior. The experimental facility, instrumentation and protocol are presented. The main experimental results are given and extensively analyzed with empirical, analytical and numerical approaches. This paper presents the first experimental observation of the existence of the THQB phenomena in stagnant superfluid helium.
We present a search for signatures of neutrino mixing of electron anti-neutrinos with additional hypothetical sterile neutrino flavors using the Double Chooz experiment. The search is based on data ...from 5 years of operation of Double Chooz, including 2 years in the two-detector configuration. The analysis is based on a profile likelihood, i.e. comparing the data to the model prediction of disappearance in a data-to-data comparison of the two respective detectors. The analysis is optimized for a model of three active and one sterile neutrino. It is sensitive in the typical mass range
5
×
10
-
3
eV
2
≲
Δ
m
41
2
≲
3
×
10
-
1
eV
2
for mixing angles down to
sin
2
2
θ
14
≳
0.02
. No significant disappearance additionally to the conventional disappearance related to
θ
13
is observed and correspondingly exclusion bounds on the sterile mixing parameter
θ
14
as a function of
Δ
m
41
2
are obtained.
The Madmax (MAgnetized Disc and Mirror AXion) project is an experiment dedicated to the discovery of the axion particle, the mass of which is expected to lie in the range of 100 μeV. To detect the ...axion, a dipole field with a square-field integral value of 100 {T_{2}m_{2}} is required. This field spread over 2 meters along the axis to put a booster to amplify the photons before the detection. The conductor has been designed to minimize the global magnet cost while fulfilling the following constraints: the hot spot temperature must stay below 100 K, the voltage to ground below ±1 kV, and mechanical Von Mises stress below 190 Mpa. This will be the world largest dipole block type, with a warm bore of 1.35 m and a center field of 9 T. Its overall total length is of about 6 m, the total weight is of 200 tons, including 40 tons for the windings. NbTi technology was selected. The engineering current density is fixed at {50 A/mm^{2}} and the nominal current is 23.5 kA according to the protection principle. The large forces over the conductor blocks will induce some displacements. To guarantee the magnet stability a superfluid helium channel is located in the conductor stabilizer.
Selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) and celiac disease (CD) are frequently associated and share the ancestral haplotype human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-8.1, which is characterized by a peculiar cytokine ...profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-10 alleles in CD and CD-IgAD.
The distribution of some biallelic polymorphisms of both cytokine promoters (-308G-->A and -863C-->A at TNF promoter sequence and -1082G-->A, -819C-->A, and -592C-->T at IL-10 promoter) were typed using biotilinated specific probes in 32 celiac patients, in 34 CD-IgAD patients, and in 96 healthy controls.
In CD and CD-IgAD, the -308A allele was significantly more frequent than in controls, whereas no significant differences were observed for the biallelic polymorphisms at the -863 and for the three IL-10 promoter polymorphisms. The evaluation of combined TNF and IL-10 genotypes showed in CD-IgAD a significant reduction of -308G/-1082G homozygous subjects and both in CD and CD-IgAD groups an increase of 308AA/1082GG. Accordingly, CD-IgAD patients positive both for -308A TNF and -1082A IL-10 showed an increase of TNF-alpha and a reduction of IL-10 serum levels.
Genetically determined increased production of TNF-alpha and reduction of IL-10 may be relevant for susceptibility to CD, mainly in IgAD, as the different allele expression at TNF and IL-10 loci seems to influence cytokine production profile.
The MADMAX project aims at detecting axion dark matter in the mass range of 100 μeV. To facilitate axion to photon conversion with detectable rate a superconducting dipole magnet with a large bore is ...needed. The MADMAX dipole magnet has to generate ∼9 T in a 1.35 m aperture over ∼1.3 m in length. A key challenge for a magnet made of a cable in-conduit conductor (CICC), operating at 1.8 K with an indirect bath cooling is the quench detection. In order to validate feasibility, a mock-up coil with a quench behavior scalable to MADMAX was designed and produced. The paper gives an overview of the technical details of the MACQU test coil. The conductor, the magnet, the busbar and the supporting and cryogenic systems were designed at CEA. The cable was manufactured in China at the Chang Tong INC from WST Nb-Ti strands, the insertion and compaction was achieved in the ASIPP institute with a copper profile from Aurubis. The winding of the coil and the busbar pre-forming were performed at Bilfinger Noell as well as the assembly of the supporting structure and the thermal shield. The magnet was integrated in the JT60 test station at CEA Saclay and extensively tested. The magnet current reached 80% on the loadline instead of 90% as expected at nominal. The limitation is likely coming from uneven current distribution at the extremity of the magnet at the connection box location. Nevertheless, quench tests were successfully performed at constant currents from 10 kA to 17 kA. They proved that the initial quench velocities are of the order of 1 m/s to 10 m/s, high enough to safely detect a voltage drop in MADMAX and discharge the magnet. In addition, a thermo-hydraulic quench back effect was observed in the MACQU coil cooled by superfluid helium.
A
bstract
A
θ
13
oscillation analysis based on the observed antineutrino rates at the Double Chooz far and near detectors for different reactor power conditions is presented. This approach provides a ...so far unique simultaneous determination of
θ
13
and the total background rates without relying on any assumptions on the specific background contributions. The analysis comprises 865 days of data collected in both detectors with at least one reactor in operation. The oscillation results are enhanced by the use of 24.06 days (12.74 days) of reactor-off data in the far (near) detector. The analysis considers the
ν
¯
e
interactions up to a visible energy of 8.5 MeV, using the events at higher energies to build a cosmogenic background model considering fast-neutrons interactions and
9
Li decays. The background-model-independent determination of the mixing angle yields sin
2
(2
θ
13
) = 0
.
094 ± 0
.
017, being the best-fit total background rates fully consistent with the cosmogenic background model. A second oscillation analysis is also performed constraining the total background rates to the cosmogenic background estimates. While the central value is not significantly modified due to the consistency between the reactor-off data and the background estimates, the addition of the background model reduces the uncertainty on
θ
13
to 0.015. Along with the oscillation results, the normalization of the anti-neutrino rate is measured with a precision of 0.86%, reducing the 1.43% uncertainty associated to the expectation.
Abstract
Coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (
$$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$
CE
ν
NS
) offers a unique way to study neutrino properties and to search for new physics beyond the Standard ...Model. Nuclear reactors are promising sources to explore this process at low energies since they deliver large fluxes of anti-neutrinos with typical energies of a few MeV. In this paper, a new-generation experiment to study
$$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$
CE
ν
NS
is described. The NUCLEUS experiment will use cryogenic detectors which feature an unprecedentedly low-energy threshold and a time response fast enough to be operated under above-ground conditions. Both sensitivity to low-energy nuclear recoils and a high event rate tolerance are stringent requirements to measuring
$$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$
CE
ν
NS
of reactor anti-neutrinos. A new experimental site, the Very-Near-Site (VNS), at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France is described. The VNS is located between the two 4.25
$$\hbox {GW}_{\mathrm {th}}$$
GW
th
reactor cores and matches the requirements of NUCLEUS. First results of on-site measurements of neutron and muon backgrounds, the expected dominant background contributions, are given. In this paper a preliminary experimental set-up with dedicated active and passive background reduction techniques and first background estimations are presented. Furthermore, the feasibility to operate the detectors in coincidence with an active muon veto at shallow overburden is studied. The paper concludes with a sensitivity study pointing out the physics potential of NUCLEUS at the Chooz nuclear power plant.
Abstract Coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering ($$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$ CEνNS ) offers a unique way to study neutrino properties and to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. ...Nuclear reactors are promising sources to explore this process at low energies since they deliver large fluxes of anti-neutrinos with typical energies of a few MeV. In this paper, a new-generation experiment to study $$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$ CEνNS is described. The NUCLEUS experiment will use cryogenic detectors which feature an unprecedentedly low-energy threshold and a time response fast enough to be operated under above-ground conditions. Both sensitivity to low-energy nuclear recoils and a high event rate tolerance are stringent requirements to measuring $$\hbox {CE}\nu \hbox {NS}$$ CEνNS of reactor anti-neutrinos. A new experimental site, the Very-Near-Site (VNS), at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France is described. The VNS is located between the two 4.25 $$\hbox {GW}_{\mathrm {th}}$$ GWth reactor cores and matches the requirements of NUCLEUS. First results of on-site measurements of neutron and muon backgrounds, the expected dominant background contributions, are given. In this paper a preliminary experimental set-up with dedicated active and passive background reduction techniques and first background estimations are presented. Furthermore, the feasibility to operate the detectors in coincidence with an active muon veto at shallow overburden is studied. The paper concludes with a sensitivity study pointing out the physics potential of NUCLEUS at the Chooz nuclear power plant.
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