It is well known that gamma (γ)-ray irradiation results in the alteration of biological function of bioactive materials such as proteins, saccharides and lipids. In this study the effect of ...γ-irradiation on the chemical and immunological property of an allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), was investigated. Irradiation of more than 10 kGy resulted in the alteration of the structure of OVA. However, OVA treated with 10 kGy irradiation (10 kGy-OVA), but not 100 kGy-OVA, fully maintained immunological reactivity to a monoclonal antibody specific to the intact allergen (clone 14). Mice immunized with 10 kGy- as well as 100 kGy-OVA showed significantly lower antibody response to the allergen than those with intact OVA in a γ-ray dosage-dependent manner. Especially immunization of both 10 kGy- and 100 kGy-OVA induced a significant decrease of OVA-specific IgE. Splenocytes of mice immunized with irradiated OVA showed a significant reduction in OVA-specific T cell proliferation and the secretion of Th1-type (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6). The expression of T cell activation markers such as CD25 and CD44 was also down-regulated in T cells of mice immunized with irradiated OVAs. These results suggest that γ-ray irradiation of OVA suppress humoral and cellular immune responses specific to the allergen OVA, and the modification method with γ-irradiation may be available for the control of allergy.
Flow cytometry (FCM) is a reproducible and objective technique that may be useful in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by detecting abnormal immunophenotypes specific to MDS. We ...investigated 5 granulocyte/monocyte panels by FCM to find a sensitive and specific combination of panels in order to discriminate MDS from non-clonal hematologic disorders. Bone marrow aspirates from 35 patients with MDS and 25 patients with non-clonal hematologic disorders were studied. We performed FCM using 5 granulocyte/monocyte panels (CD15/CD10/CD45, CD64/CD33/CD45, CD16/CD13/CD45, CD16/CD11b/CD45, and CD56/CD19/CD7/CD45) to examine the positive rate in MDS and controls, and to find an optimal combination that maximizes the detection rate of MDS. In MDS, the number of abnormal immunophenotypes per 5 granulocytic and 5 monocytic panels were 2.1 ± 1.2 and 2.2 ± 1.4. The rates were higher than the controls (P< 0.001, respectively). As the number of employed panels increased, the percent values of abnormal immunophenotypes increased (P=0.002). The maximum rate of abnormal immunophenotype was 89.7% in MDS patients, especially 100.0% in normal karyotype, when a combination of three panels, CD15/CD10/CD45, CD64/CD33/CD45, and either CD16/CD13/CD45 or CD16/CD11b/CD45 was used. This study demonstrates that a combination of CD15/CD10, CD64/CD33, CD16/CD13 or CD11b granulocyte panels in FCM is sensitive and specific for diagnosis of MDS.
A series of novel 4-O-methylhonokiol analogs were synthesized in light of revealing structure–activity relationship for inhibitory effect of COX-2 enzyme. The key strategy of the molecular design was ...oriented towards modification of the potential metabolic soft spots (e.g., phenol and olefin) or by altering the polar surface area via incorporating heterocycles such as isoxazole and triazole. Most of all exhibited the inhibitory effects on COX-2 and PGF1 production but not macrophage NO production. Especially, aryl carbamates 10 and 11 exhibited more potent inhibitory activity against COX-2 and PGF1 production.
Background In a previous study, regional delivery of manganese (Mn)ions within the brain revealed that the metal accumulates in the basal ganglia, where it induces degeneration of the globus ...pallidus. Degeneration of the basal ganglia impairs motor ability by compromising an important neural circuit involved in the regulation of motor control. Therefore, much research has been devoted to identifying a sensitive and non-invasive imaging marker to evaluate the functional correlates of Mn-related brain dysfunction. Methods We performed the first-ever sequential finger-tapping functional MRI (fMRI) experiment to investigate the behavioural significance of additionally recruited brain regions in welders with chronic Mn exposure. Results During the finger tapping task, activation of the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral dorsolateral premotor cortex, bilateral superior parietal cortex and ipsilateral dentate nucleus was higher in the welding group (42 welders) than in the control group (26 controls). The pallidal index correlated with the activation observed in the contralateral SM1 for the finger tapping task of the left hand. The fMRI variables correlated with motor behaviour. Grooved Pegboard performances (right hand) correlated with activation, as seen in the ipsilateral and contralateral SMAs obtained during the finger tapping task of the right hand. Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased brain activation results from the compensational activation of ancillary cortical pathways, which ensures adequate motor function.
유통 주방기구의 재질별 용출 특성 평가 -금속제 주방기구 중심으로 김재관; 임경숙; 김명길 ...
Han'gug sigpum wi'saeng anjeonseong haghoeji,
02/2021, Volume:
36, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this study we analyzed the elution rates of 11 metals from 82 metallic kitchen utensils purchased in the market. The elution frequency of the 11 types of metals was iron > aluminum > chromium, ...nickel > zinc > copper > lead > arsenic > antimony > stannum > cadmium. For metallic kitchen utensils, the elution rate of heavy metals was 7.3-93.9%, and the average elution concentration was 0.001-13.473 mg/L. The average elution concentration of heavy metals was ranged between none-detected (N. D.) to 30.473 mg/L for non-coated kitchen utensils and 0.000-10.005 mg/L for coated kitchen utensils. The average elution concentration of metals from domestic kitchen utensils ranged from 0.001-25.145 mg/L, and from 0.000-33.518 mg/L for imported kitchen utensils. In particular, aluminum was found to be high in domestic kitchen utensils while iron was high in imported kitchen utensils. The average elution concentration of heavy metals was N.D.-2.670 mg/L for stainless steel, N.D.- 31.575 mg/L for aluminum, and N.D.-307.737 mg/L for iron. The amount of transition to food after cooking was investigated. 본 연구는 2019년 경기도내 대형매장과 중소형매장 및 재리시장에서 유통 중인 스테인리스, 알루미늄, 철 등 금속제 주방기구 82건을 대상으로 중금속 등 11종(납, 카드뮴, 비소 등)의 오염도를 조사하여 금속제 주방기구의 위생관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 금속제 주방기구의 용출시험결과, 금속의 용출빈도는 철>알루미늄>크롬, 니켈>아연>구리>납>비소>안티몬>주석>카드뮴의 순으로 이었고 용출률은 7.3-93.9%이었다. 조사 대상 82건 중 알루미늄 주방기구 1건에서 니켈이 기준을 초과(결과 1.4 mg/L, 기준 0.1 mg/L 이하)한 것으로 나타났으며 그 밖에 기준이 설정되어 있지 않은 철에 코팅한 주방기구에서 니켈이 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전 금속제 기준을 5배-193배 초과한 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 기준규격의 설정이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 코팅하지 않은 금속제와 내부를 코팅한 주방기구 평균 용출량을 비교해보면, 알루미늄과 철은 코팅한 주방기구에서 낮게 나타났고 나머지 대부분의 중금속은 코팅한 주방기구에서 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 국산과 수입산으로 나누어 평균 용출량을 비교한 결과, 알루미늄과 철은 국산 및 수입산 모두 다른 중금속에 비해 높은 수준으로 나타났는데 알루미늄은 국산주방기구에서, 철은 수입산 주방기구에서 높게 나타났다. 주방기구의 코팅재질별로 평균 용출량을 비교한 결과, 불소수지 코팅에서는 알루미늄, 세라믹 코팅에서는 알루미늄, 철, 법랑코팅에서는 니켈, 알루미늄, 철, 구리, 기타(실리콘과 티타늄)코팅에서는 철의 용출량이 높게 나타났다.
Background Astrocytes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by clearing extracellular amyloid beta (Abeta) through endocytosis and degradation. We recently showed ...that metallothionein 3 (Mt3), a zinc-binding metallothionein that is enriched in the central nervous system, contributes to actin polymerization in astrocytes. Because actin is likely involved in the endocytosis of Abeta, we investigated the possible role of Mt3 in Abeta endocytosis by cortical astrocytes in this study. Results To assess the route of Abeta uptake, we exposed cultured astrocytes to fluorescently labeled Abeta.sub.1-40 or Abeta.sub.1-42 together with chloropromazine (CP) or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), inhibitors of clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis, respectively. CP treatment almost completely blocked Abeta.sub.1-40 and Abeta.sub.1-42 endocytosis, whereas exposure to MbetaCD had no significant effect. Actin disruption with cytochalasin D (CytD) or latrunculin B also completely blocked Abeta.sub.1-40 and Abeta.sub.1-42 endocytosis. Because the absence of Mt3 also results in actin disruption, we examined Abeta.sub.1-40 and Abeta.sub.1-42 uptake and expression in Mt3.sup.-/- astrocytes. Compared with wild-type (WT) cells, Mt3.sup.-/- cells exhibited markedly reduced Abeta.sub.1-40 and Abeta.sub.1-42 endocytosis and expression of Abeta.sub.1-42 monomers and oligomers. A similar reduction was observed in CytD-treated WT cells. Finally, actin disruption and Mt3 knockout each increased the overall levels of clathrin and the associated protein phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) in astrocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the absence of Mt3 reduces Abeta uptake in astrocytes through an abnormality in actin polymerization. In light of evidence that Mt3 is downregulated in AD, our findings indicate that this mechanism may contribute to the extracellular accumulation of Abeta in this disease. Keywords: Amyloid beta, Endocytosis, Metallothioneins
We conducted research to determine the effect of the weight on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in Asians, who are at greater risk of cardiovascular events compared to individuals from ...Western countries with similar body mass indices (BMIs).
We studied 543 participants with structurally normal hearts and normal ejection fractions. Participants were classified as normal-weight (BMI < 23.0 kg/m
), overweight (BMI 23.0-27.4 kg/m
), or obese (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m
). Peak E velocity, peak A velocity, and E' velocity were measured and E/E' was calculated.
Overweight participants had lower E than normal-weight participants (
= 0.001). E' velocities in overweight and obese participants were less than those in normal weight participants (both
< 0.001). The E/E' ratio in obese participants was higher compared to the value in normal-weight participants (
< 0.001) and overweight participants (
= 0.025). BMI was associated with E (R = -0.108), A (R = 0.123), E' (R = -0.229), and E/E' ratio (R = 0.138) (all
< 0.05). In multivariate analyses, BMI was independently associated with higher A, lower E', and higher E/E'. The risk of diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher among overweight adjusted odds ratio: 2.088; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.348-3.235;
= 0.001 and obese participants (adjusted odds ratio: 5.910; 95% CI: 2.871-12.162;
< 0.001) compared to normal-weight participants.
Obesity and overweight independently predicted diastolic dysfunction. An optimal body weight lower than the universal cut-off is reasonable for preventing LV heart failure in Asians.
This study was conducted to monitor residual pesticides in a total of 527 school foodservice agricultural products from 2019 to 2020 in Incheon. Pesticide residues in the samples were analyzed by the ...multi-residue method in the Korean food code for 373 pesticides using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD, and HPLC-UVD. By monitoring the pesticides, 12 (2.3%) of the 527 pesticides were detected, and 2 (0.4%) samples exceeded the maximum residue limit. Twelve types of pesticides were detected in the agricultural products of carrot, chard, chili pepper, chwinamul, crown daisy, parsley, perilla leaves, and spinach. As a means of risk assessment through the consumption of agricultural products detected with pesticide residues, the proportion of estimated daily intake to acceptable daily intake was estimated in the range of 0.0000-39.7425%. Results showed no particular health risk through the consumption of school foodservice agricultural products with pesticide residues.
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