This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level is associated with susceptibility to COVID-19, severity, and mortality related to ...COVID-19.
Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase database up until 9 December 2020. We include published observational prospective and retrospective studies with information on 25-OHD that reported main/secondary outcome. Low serum 25-OHD refers to participants with serum 25-OHD level below a cut-off point ranging from 20 to 30 ng/mL. Other cut-off values were excluded to reduce heterogeneity. The main outcome was mortality defined as non-survivor/death. The secondary outcome was susceptibility and severe COVID-19.
There were 14 studies comprising of 999,179 participants. Low serum 25-OHD was associated with higher rate of COVID-19 infection compared to the control group (OR = 2.71 1.72, 4.29,
< 0.001;
: 92.6%). Higher rate of severe COVID-19 was observed in patients with low serum 25-OHD (OR = 1.90 1.24, 2.93,
= 0.003;
: 55.3%), with a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 39%, PLR of 1.4, NLR of 0.43, and DOR of 3. Low serum 25-OHD was associated with higher mortality (OR = 3.08 1.35, 7.00,
= 0.011;
: 80.3%), with a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 35%, PLR of 1.3, NLR of 0.44, and DOR of 3. Meta-regression analysis showed that the association between low serum 25-OHD and mortality was affected by male gender (OR = 1.22 1.08, 1.39,
= 0.002), diabetes (OR = 0.88 0.79, 0.98,
= 0.019).
Low serum 25-OHD level was associated with COVID-19 infection, severe presentation, and mortality.
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) among children aged 24-59 months is one cause of chronic infection that could lead to stunting. The association of 25(OH)D and immune responses during chronic ...infection in stunted populations has not yet been well established. An association study of case-control data was conducted in Bandung district from October 2019 to January 2023. Sociodemographic factors, stool samples, and serum levels of 25(OH)D, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence and association of 25(OH)D, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 with the burden of STH infection in stunted children. In total, 401 stunted children were recruited. A higher burden of STH infection was found for lower levels of IL-5 (
= -0.477;
= 0.004) and IL-13 (
= -0.433;
= 0.028). Thus, 25(OH)D, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 play a role in the burden of STH infection.
Aim
The strategy of regular deworming has been the main STH control strategy recommended by the WHO for over a decade. In 2017, the Indonesian government also adapted this strategy by launching the ...Ministry of Health (MoH) Regulation No. 15 year 2017 regarding helminthiasis control. However, deworming effort is often hindered by various factors, including poor hygiene, habits, and irregular mass drug administration in developing countries. To obtain a picture of how the deworming regulation is carried out and key challenges in Indonesia, this study investigated deworming conducted in Bandung District—one of the densest areas in Indonesia.
Subject and methods
The main methodology was qualitative using published documents, interview and focus group discussion with related agencies such as MoH, Bandung District Health Office, primary health care and cadres (community participants).
Results
From this study, we discovered incompleteness and inconsistency of conduct—even within a relatively small area such as Bandung District. Moreover, this study also found that deworming is combined with stunting programs in some areas without proper study directly correlating the improvement of nutritional status with reduced incidence of STH.
Conclusions
This study has demonstrated the challenges sustaining a consistent nationwide campaign over a wide area such as in Indonesia. In conclusion, we recommended that further nationwide evaluation is required—placing emphasis on dissemination of policy to ensure more standardized conduct.
Background Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used to determine latent tuberculosis infection status. However, its pregnancy-affected performance and cost-expensive nature warrants ...for different alternatives for pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of several alternative cytokines, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) to identify latent tuberculosis status in pregnant women. Materials and methods 123 pregnant womens were recruited for this study. The IGRA status was determined by using QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube. Meanwhile, we measured the level IL-2, IL-10, and IP-10 by using sandwich-microELISA method. We performed normality and comparison test by SPSS. In addition, receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analyses and the optimal cutoff scores were identified using the EasyROC webtool. Results We showed that IL-2, IL-10, and IP-10 were able to discriminate between IGRA-negative and IGRA-positive pregnant women. Moreover, IP-10 showed the highest discriminatory and diagnostic performance when compared to IL-2 and IL-10 with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and cutoff point of 649.65 pg/mL. Conclusions Our study showed that IP-10 can be considered as a promising alternative biomarker for IGRAs to diagnose LTBI in pregnant women.
Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Kuman bukan merupakan faktor tunggal dalam kejadian TB, tetapi harus disertai dengan ...faktorlain. Defisiensi vitamin D dan polimorfisme FokI, BsmI, ApaI, serta TaqI gen reseptor vitamin D (RVD)berperan penting dalam kerentanan seseorang terhadap TB.Tujuan. Mengetahui peran defisiensi vitamin D dan polimorfisme FokI, BsmI, ApaI, serta TaqI gen RVDterhadap TB anak.Metode. Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol, di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandungdan RSU Cibabat Cimahi, Mei 2008 - Maret 2009. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling, masingmasing42 anak. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D 25-(OH)D dan 1,25-(OH)2D serum, sertapolimorfisme FokI, BsmI, ApaI, dan TaqI gen RVD. Analisis dengan uji Chi-kuadrat, Mann-Whitney, ujit, menghitung OR dan 95% CI, serta regresi logistik ganda.Hasil. Angka kejadian defisiensi kadar 1,25(OH)2D serum pada kelompok kasus TB 28,6% dan kontrol9,5% (p=0,026), OR (95% CI): 3,80 (1,11-12,98). Kejadian polimorfisme FokI gen RVD pada kelompokkasus TB 66,7% dan kontrol 40,5%, (p=0,016), OR (95% CI): 2,94 (1,21-7,16), sedangkan ApaI, BsmI,dan TaqI pada TB tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian TB adalahjenis kelamin OR (95% CI): 2,276 (0,841-6,161); polimorfisme FokI OR (95% CI): 2,346 (1,053-5,225);polimorfisme ApaI OR (95% CI): 0,81 (0,912-3,593) dan defisiensi vitamin D OR (95% CI): 5,645 (1,441-22,113). Peluang terjadinya TB pada anak perempuan dengan defisiensi vitamin D serta polimorfisme FokI(genotipe FF) dan ApaI homozigot (genotipe aa) 0,98 pada laki-laki 0,955.Kesimpulan. Defisiensi vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) dan polimorfisme FokI gen RVD merupakan faktor risikoterjadi TB anak. Perempuan dengan defisiensi vitamin D serta polimorfisme FokI dan ApaI homozigot memilikipeluang lebih besar untuk terjadinya TB anak dibandingkan laki-laki.
Objective: We examined differences of vitamin D levels at initial diagnosis and after induction phase chemotherapy in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Methods: A cross-sectional ...study was conducted on newly diagnosed children with ALL from October 2021 until October 2022 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital−Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Vitamin D levels were measured twice using blood samples: at initial diagnosis and after the remission induction phase of chemotherapy. A paired t-test was applied and the value of p<0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Result: There were 53 subjects that fulfilled research criteria. Thirty−six subjects met the inclusion criteria while 17 were excluded. Majority of ALL patients were male (52.8%) and aged 1−10 years (83.3%). Mean vitamin D level of ALL children at initial diagnosis was 16.68±9,56 ng/mL. After the induction phase of chemotherapy, mean vitamin D level was 11.84±7,8 ng/mL. Paired t-test was performed to obtain p value = 0.000. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in ALL children is 88.8%. Vitamin D levels after chemotherapy are lower than at initial diagnosis.
Background: Preterm labor is one of the universal causes of perinatal mortality worldwide. One of the causes of preterm labor is uterine muscle integrity problems. Some mechanistic studies show ...insight into vitamin D activity’s possible role in the injured muscle. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D can increase muscle cell viability.Methods: This experimental research used human smooth muscle uterine myometrium cell line PHM1-41. The cells were cultured for 24 hours in hypoxia condition, then incubated with several doses of vitamin D. The PHM1-41 cell viability was measured using spectrophotometry.Results: The result showed that the minimum level of muscle cell viability after vitamin D incubation was with 300nM administration, and the maximum level was after 10nM (88.57%+4.48 and 96.21%+2.13 respectively).Conclusions: Vitamin D at a specific dose could improve cell availability. The optimal dose to improve cell viability was 10nM.
Abstract Background Atrial septal defects (ASD) are the most common type of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) associated with a high risk developing of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ASD ...closure is not recommended in patients with PAH and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) ≥ 5 Wood Unit (WU). Noninvasive methods have been proposed to measure PVR; however, their accuracy remains low. Right Ventricle (RV) - Pulmonary Artery (PA) coupling is defined as the ability of the RV to adapt to high-resistance conditions. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)/estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP) calculation using echocardiography is a noninvasive technique that has been proposed as a surrogate equation to evaluate RV-PA coupling. Currently, no research has demonstrated a relationship between RV-PA coupling and PVR in patients with ASD. Methods The study participants were consecutive eligible patients with ASD who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and echocardiography at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Both the procedures were performed on the same day. RV-PA Coupling, defined as TAPSE/ePASP > 0.31, was assessed using echocardiography. The PVR was calculated during RHC using the indirect Fick method. Results There were 58 patients with ASD underwent RHC and echocardiography. Among them, 18 had RV/PA Coupling and 40 had RV/PA Uncoupling. The PVR values were significantly different between the two groups ( p = 0.000). Correlation test between TAPSE/ePASP with PVR showed moderate negative correlation ( r = -0.502, p = 0.001). TAPSE/ePASP ≤ 0.34 is the cutoff point to predict PVR > 5 WU with sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity 63.6%. Conclusion This study showed a moderate negative correlation between TAPSE/ePASP and PVR. TAPSE/ePASP ≤ 0.34 could predict PVR > 5 WU with good sensitivity.
The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last 20-30 years, including cow milk allergy (CMA) which is one of the most common causes of infant food allergy. International allergy experts ...met in 2019 to discuss broad topics in allergy prevention and management of CMA including current challenges and future opportunities. The highlights of the meeting combined with recently published developments are presented here. Primary prevention of CMA should start from pre-pregnancy with a focus on a healthy lifestyle and food diversity to ensure adequate transfer of inhibitory IgG- allergen immune complexes across the placenta especially in mothers with a history of allergic diseases and planned c-section delivery. For non-breastfed infants, there is controversy about the preventive role of partially hydrolyzed formulae (pHF) despite some evidence of health economic benefits among those with a family history of allergy. Clinical management of CMA consists of secondary prevention with a focus on the development of early oral tolerance. The use of extensive Hydrolysate Formulae (eHF) is the nutrition of choice for the majority of non-breastfed infants with CMA; potentially with pre-, probiotics and LCPUFA to support early oral tolerance induction. Future opportunities are, among others, pre- and probiotics supplementation for mothers and high-risk infants for the primary prevention of CMA. A controlled prospective study implementing a step-down milk formulae ladder with various degrees of hydrolysate is proposed for food challenges and early development of oral tolerance. This provides a more precise gradation of milk protein exposure than those currently recommended.
Latar belakang. Jenis kelasi besi oral deferipron dan deferasiroks banyak digunakan penyandang talasemia untuk mencegah komplikasi hemosiderosis. Dalam penelitian yang berbeda, masing-masing terbukti ...efektif mengurangi komplikasi hemosiderosis akibat transfusi darah. Tingkat kepatuhan sangat memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi dan tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan dapat dipengaruhi regimen kelasi besi.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan jenis dan tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan kelasi oral terhadap kadar feritin serum pada penyandang talasemia beta mayor anak. Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancang potong lintang, dilaksanakan Januari-Februari 2019. Subjek adalah penyandang talasemia beta mayor di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin, secara consecutive sampling. Wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8, pemeriksaan serum feritin. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi rank Spearman, uji perbandingan Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis dengan kemaknaan nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Terdapat 60 responden dengan kategori patuh sebanyak 38%, kategori tidak patuh sebanyak 62%. Kelompok dengan pemberian deferipron menghasilkan kadar feritin serum lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok deferasiroks (p<0,007). Kelompok patuh menghasilkan kadar feritin serum lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tidak patuh (p<0,001). Perbandingan feritin serum berdasarkan kombinasi jenis dan tingkat kepatuhan kelasi besi, didapatkan hasil kelompok deferipron-patuh memberikan nilai berbeda signifikan dibandingkan kelompok lainnya (p<0,001).Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar penyandang talasemia beta mayor tidak patuh mengkonsumsi obat kelasi besi. Pemberian deferipron dengan kepatuhan baik, menghasilkan kadar feritin serum paling rendah.
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