Purpose: Non-opioid medications as a part of multimodal analgesia has been increasingly suggested in the management of acute post-surgical pain. The present study was planned to compare the efficacy ...of the combination of pregabalin plus ıv ibuprofen. Methods: 58 patients were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. The pregabalin group (Group P, n = 29) received 150 mg pregabalin, the pregabalin plus ibuprofen group (Gropu PI, n = 29) received 150 mg pregabalin and 400mg ıv ibuprofen before surgery. Postoperative fentanyl consumption, additional analgesia requirements and PACU stay were recorded. Postoperative analgesia was performed with patient-controlled IV fentanyl. Results: VAS scores in the group PI were statistically lower at PACU, 1and 2 hours at rest, at PACU, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours on movement compared to the group P (P < 0.05). Opioid consumption was statistically significantly higher in the group P compared to the group PI (130.17 ± 60.27 vs 78.45 ± 60.40 μq, respectively, P < 0.001) and reduced in the 4th 24 hours by 55% in group PI. Rescue analgesia usage was statistically significantly higher in the group P than in the group PI (16/29 vs 7/29, respectively, P < 0.001). Four patient in the group PI did not need any opioid drug. Besides, PACU stay was shorter in the group PI than the group P (10.62 ± 2.38 vs 15.59 ± 2.11 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preemptive pregabalin plus ıv ibuprofen in laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced postoperative opioid consumption. This multimodal analgesic aproach generated lower pain scores in the postoperative period.
This study investigates analgesic and nociceptive effects of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine neuraxial anesthesia through Tail-flick (TF) and Hot-plate (HP) tests and the pathohistological ...changes on spinal nerves and nerve roots through light microscopy.
Forty anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intrathecally catheterized. Basal values of TF and HP tests were measured before and after catheterization. Thirty-six successfully catheterized rats were assigned to four groups. Group B received 10μg bupivacaine, Group BD3 received 10μg bupivacaine + 3μg dexmedetomidine, Group BD10 received 10μg bupivacaine + 10μg dexmedetomidine and Control group received 10μL volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. TF and HP tests were performed between the 5th and 300th minutes of drug administration. Twenty-four hours after administration of drugs, rats were sacrificed and spinal cord and nerve roots were removed for pathological investigation.
Baseline values of the TF and HP tests were not statistically different among the groups (6.8 ± 0.15 s). TF and HP latencies in the Control group did not change significantly during the study. TF and HP test results showed that adding 3 and 10μg dexmedetomidine caused a dose- dependent increase in duration and amplitude of analgesic and nociceptive effect of bupivacaine (TF: 37.52 ± 1.08%, 57.86 ± 1.16% respectively, HP: 44.24 ± 1.15%, 68.43 ± 1.24% respectively).
There were no apparent pathohistological changes at least 24hours after the intrathecal administration of a single dose of dexmedetomidine 3μg and 10μg. Dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine for spinal block improves analgesia and prolongs block duration.
Melolontha melolontha larvae are susceptible to several pathogens indigenous to the area in which these insects occur in Turkey. We isolated and identified seven bacterial strains from M. melolontha ...and evaluated their pathogenic activity during three hazelnut seasons from 2002 to 2004 on larvae of M. melolontha. Using various morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics in detail, bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., B. sphaericus, Acinetobacter sp., and B. weihenstephanensis. The insecticidal activity of isolates at 1.8 × 10
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bacteria/ml dose, within 10 days on the larvae of M. melolontha are 40% for Pseudomonas sp., 80% for Bacillus thuringiensis, 50% for Pseudomonas sp., 20% for Enterobacter sp., 60% for B. sphaericus, and 80% for B. weihenstephanensis. We also purified crystals from B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus and tested the insecticidal activity on the larvae of M. melolontha. In crystal protein bioassays, the highest insecticidal effect detected was 70% with crystals of B. thuringiensis. Our results indicate that indigenousB. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis isolates and crystal of B. thuringiensis may be valuable as biological control agents.
A bacterial isolate (Mm2) of Melolontha melolontha was identified and characterized. Based on various morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, it was identified as ...Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. This isolate was compared to the reference strains by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE analysis, plasmid pattern, cry gene content and insecticidal activity. Cells of the isolate harbored flat square inclusions containing a protein component of approximately equal to65 kDa. After trypsin digestion of solubilized crystals, SDS-PAGE resolved a unique proteinase-resistant peptide of approximately equal to 50 kDa. Plasmid pattern showed similar bands to those of the reference strain, PCR analysis showed that the isolate has cry3 gene. Toxicity tests (against 5 coleopteran species) showed 80 % insecticidal activity against the larvae of M. melolontha. The isolate Mm2 may be valuable as biological control agent for M. melolontha and other coleopteran insects.
Eight new 2-(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on-4-yl-azomethine)phenyl benzenesulfonates (3) were obtained by the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones ...(1) with 2-benzenesulfonyloxybenzaldehyde (2). Moreover, eight N-acetyl derivatives (4) of compounds 3 were obtained. Then, seven new 2-1-(morpholine-4-yl-methyl)-3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on-4-yl-azomethine)phenyl benzenesulfonates (5) were obtained by the reactions of compounds 3 with formaldehyde and morpholine. The structures of twenty-three newly synthesized compounds were established from infrared, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and UV spectral data. In addition, 3, 4 and 5 type compounds were examined for their in vitro potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Three different methods were used for the antioxidant assay and the compounds 5 showed a significant activity for iron-binding. Antimicrobial activity was determined on six bacteria using the agar well diffusion method
The entomopathogenicbacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide. In this study, to find and identify the more toxic B. thuringiensis strains against coleopteran pests, we ...isolated a B. thuringiensis strain (Xd3) from European shot-hole borer, Xyleborus dispar (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a higly damaging pest of hazelnut. Based on various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics, the bacterial isolate was identified as B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (morrisoni) serovar H8a8b. This isolate was compared with the reference strains by scanning electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE analysis, cry gene content, and insecticidal activity. Isolate Xd3 forms a flat-square inclusion containing a protein component of c. 70 kDa. PCR analysis showed that the Xd3 has a cry gene, cry3. Toxicity tests were performed against coleopteran species. One hundred percent mortality was observed against larvae of Agelastica alni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The others were 90% for Amphimallon solstitiale (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Our results indicate that B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Xd3) may be valuable as biological control agent for coleopteran insects.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Este estudo investigou os efeitos analgésicos e nociceptivos da adição de dexmedetomidina à bupivacaína em anestesia do neuroeixo usando os testes de retirada da cauda ...(tail-flick TF) e da placa quente (hot-plate HP) e microscopia de luz para as alterações histopatológicas de nervos espinhais e raízes nervosas. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos Sprague-Dawley anestesiados, machos, foram cateterizados intratecalmente. Os valores basais dos testes TF e HP foram medidos antes e depois do cateterismo. Trinta e seis ratos cateterizados com sucesso foram distribuídos em quatro grupos. O Grupo B recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína, o Grupo BD3 recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína + 3 µg de dexmedetomidina, o Grupo BD10 recebeu 10 µg de bupivacaína + 10 µg de dexmedetomidina e o Grupo Controle recebeu 10 µL de líquido cefalorraquidiano artificial. Os testes TF e HP foram feitos entre cinco e 300 minutos a partir da administração das drogas. Vinte e quatro horas após a administração, os ratos foram sacrificados e retiradas as medulas espinhais e raízes nervosas para investigação patológica. RESULTADOS: Os valores basais dos testes TF e HP não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos (6,8 ± 0,15 s). As latências de TF e HP no Grupo Controle não apresentaram alteração significativa durante o estudo. Os resultados dos testes TF e HP mostraram que a adição de 3 e 10 µg de dexmedetomidina causou um aumento dose-dependente na duração e amplitude do efeito analgésico e nociceptivo de bupivacaína (TF: 37,52 ± 1,08%, 57,86 ± 1,16%, respectivamente; HP: 44,24 ± 1,15%, 68,43 ± 1,24%, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Não houve alterações histopatológicas aparentes em pelo menos 24 horas após a administração intratecal da dose única de dexmedetomidina (3 µg e 10 µg). Dexmedetomidina adicionado à bupivacaína para raquianestesia melhora a analgesia e prolonga a duração do bloqueio.
A bacterial isolate (Mm2) ofMelolontha melolontha was identified and characterized. Based on various morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, it was identified ...asBacillus thuringiensis subsp.tenebrionis. This isolate was compared to the reference strains by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE analysis, plasmid pattern,cry gene content and insecticidal activity. Cells of the isolate harbored flat square inclusions containing a protein component of ≈65 kDa. After trypsin digestion of solubilized crystals, SDS-PAGE resolved a unique proteinase-resistant peptide of ≈50 kDa. Plasmid pattern showed similar bands to those of the reference strain, PCR analysis showed that the isolate hascry3 gene. Toxicity tests (against 5 coleopteran species) showed 80 % insecticidal activity against the larvae ofM. melolontha. The isolate Mm2 may be valuable as biological control agent forM. melolontha and other coleopteran insects.
The hazelnut beetle (Balaninus nucum L., Coleoptera : Curculionidae) is the single greatest source of damage to hazelnut fruits throughout the world. It causes approximately 30-40% of the total ...economic damage to hazelnut products per year in Turkey. In this study, we investigated the bacterial fiora of the hazelnut beetle collected from the vicinity of Trabzon (Turkey) during 1995-1997 and tested them for insecticidal activities. The number of total bacteria in larvae (1.8×109 cell/1arva) and adults (1.41×1011 cell/adult) was identified. Based on colony colour and morphology, five isolates were identified. According to morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characters of the isolates, they were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. Pseudomonas fluorescens. Micrococcus luteus. Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli. The insecticidal activities of these bacterial isolates on third-stadium larvae of B. nucum were investigated. The highest insecticidal effect determined on B. nucum within three days was 100% with S. marcescens. The effects of the rest of the isolates are 45% for B. thuringiensis, 20% for P, fluorescens, 30% for M. luteus and 25% for E. coli.
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