The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an endangered species. In this study, nine new polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and tested in 30 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from 2 ...to 5, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1200 to 0.7391 and from 0.2408 to 0.5983, respectively. No loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium af-ter a Bonferroni correction, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was found between pairs of loci. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful in studying the genetic diversity of H. scabra and its conservation.
Atrina vexillum Born is an economically valuable species, widely distributed in the coastal waters of temperate and tropical areas of the Asia Pacific region. Twenty one novel microsatellite loci ...were identified in the genome of A. vexillum Born using the protocol for fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequence containing repeats. Thirty-two wild type individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. We identified 13 polymorphic and 8 monomorphic loci with the number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranging from 2 to 5 and 0.141 to 0.664, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.1250 to 0.7000 and 0.1223 to 0.6216, respectively. Two loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction, whereas the other loci were in HWE. These loci are expected to provide useful information for population genetic studies of A. vexillum Born.
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus is one of the major economic shrimp species in China. In this study, 14 novel microsatellite loci were developed using the fast isolation protocol with amplified fragment ...length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Polymorphisms were tested in 30 individuals from a single-wild population. The results showed that the number of alleles at each locus ranged from two to four, and the polymorphism information content varied from 0.314 to 0.692. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.3343 to 0.6542 and from 0.3458 to 0.6657, respectively. Three loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a Bonferroni correction was applied, while no deviations were detected in the other 11 loci. The new microsatellite loci identified in this study could be useful in future F. penicillatus population genetic, conservation research, population structure assessment, and linkage map construction studies.
Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as the hard clam, is widely distributed in the coastal waters of temperate and tropical areas in the Asian Pacific region. This species is widely popular in the ...international market, especially in the United States, Europe, and other Western countries, because of its high protein value, taste, and simple farming requirements. In this study, 17 novel microsatellite loci from the M. mercenaria genome were developed using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats protocol. Thirty-two wild individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. Results indicated that there were 11 polymorphic loci and six monomorphic loci, and the number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranged from two to six and from 0.059 to 0.498, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.0625 to 0.5333 and 0.0615 to 0.4977, respectively. The Y1-4 locus deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction was applied, while the other loci were in HWE. These loci will provide useful information for M. mercenaria population genetic studies.
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus, with high protein and low fat, is a commercially important aquatic product in China. Microsatellite loci were developed according to the protocol of fast isolation by ...amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats. Eight new polymorphic microsatellite markers for F. penicillatus were identified, and 32 wild individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2703 to 0.7598, and the number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 6. The observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.1613-0.5556 and 0.2347-0.7387, respectively. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.00625) were detected. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful to study the genetic diversity and population structure of F. penicillatus.
The star S2 orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* is a precision probe of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole (candidate). Over the last 2.7 decades we have monitored the ...star’s radial velocity and motion on the sky, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics (AO) instruments on the ESO VLT, and since 2017, with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner instrument GRAVITY. In this Letter we report the first detection of the General Relativity (GR) Schwarzschild Precession (SP) in S2’s orbit. Owing to its highly elliptical orbit (
e
= 0.88), S2’s SP is mainly a kink between the pre-and post-pericentre directions of motion ≈±1 year around pericentre passage, relative to the corresponding
Kepler
orbit. The superb 2017−2019 astrometry of GRAVITY defines the pericentre passage and outgoing direction. The incoming direction is anchored by 118 NACO-AO measurements of S2’s position in the infrared reference frame, with an additional 75 direct measurements of the S2-Sgr A* separation during bright states (“flares”) of Sgr A*. Our 14-parameter model fits for the distance, central mass, the position and motion of the reference frame of the AO astrometry relative to the mass, the six parameters of the orbit, as well as a dimensionless parameter
f
SP
for the SP (
f
SP
= 0 for Newton and 1 for GR). From data up to the end of 2019 we robustly detect the SP of S2,
δ
ϕ
≈ 12′ per orbital period. From posterior fitting and MCMC Bayesian analysis with different weighting schemes and bootstrapping we find
f
SP
= 1.10 ± 0.19. The S2 data are fully consistent with GR. Any extended mass inside S2’s orbit cannot exceed ≈0.1% of the central mass. Any compact third mass inside the central arcsecond must be less than about 1000
M
⊙
.
Until recently, Fenneropenaeus penicillatus was considered a commercial shrimp species. However, in 2005, it was included on the Red List as an endangered species by the Chinese government. In this ...study, 19 new microsatellite markers in F. penicillatus were developed and tested in samples of 32 wild individuals from Nanao, China. Twelve loci were polymorphic and 7 were monomorphic. Of the 12 polymorphic loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 6, with an average of 4.42 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.302 to 0.670, with a mean of 0.4817. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2250 to 0.8889 and from 0.1111 to 0.7750, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE, adjusted P < 0.0042) after a Bonferroni correction were observed in 3 loci (NA-9, NA-57, and NA-64), whereas the other 9 loci were in HWE. These new microsatellite markers will be useful in further research on the population genetic structure of F. penicillatus.
The rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens is an economically valuable species that is widely distributed throughout the estuaries, intertidal, and offshore coasts of the Indo-Pacific and eastern ...Mediterranean. Ten novel microsatellite loci from the genome of S. fuscescens were developed using the fast isolation protocol with amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats. Polymorphisms in these 10 microsatellite markers were determined from 32 wild individuals. The number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranged from 2 to 5 and from 0.059 to 0.668, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.063 to 0.781 and from 0.062 to 0.731, respectively. Although 1 locus (LZY-X7, P < 0.005) showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, no deviations were detected in the other 9 loci. These microsatellite loci may be useful for further population genetic studies, conservation studies, population structure assessment, and linkage map construction of S. fuscescens.
The marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, is an important commercially near-shore fish that inhabits the beach rocky bottom from Japan to the South China Sea. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite ...loci were developed from S. marmoratus and were used to identify polymorphisms in 30 samples from a wild population. The allele locus number ranged from 2 to 7. Polymorphism data content ranged from 0.032 to 0.751. The observed and expected heterozygosity levels were 0.0333-0.9667 and 0.0328-0.7675, respectively. Two loci, Smd1-112 and Smd2-80, deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These polymorphic microsatellite markers will facilitate further studies of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of S. marmoratus.
Abstract
We present new NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) observations of the CO(2–1) emission in eight of the brightest Palomar-Green quasars at
z
≲ 0.5 to investigate the role of active ...galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in luminous quasars detected at low redshifts. We detect CO(2–1) emission in three objects, from which we derive CO luminosities, molecular gas masses and fractions, and gas depletion times. In combination with data available in the literature, we build a total sample of 138 local type 1 AGNs with CO(2–1) measurements. We compare the AGN properties with the host galaxy molecular gas properties, considering systems nondetected in CO emission. We find that the CO luminosity does not correlate with AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio, while the molecular gas fraction is weakly correlated with Eddington ratio. The type 1 AGNs can be roughly separated into two populations in terms of infrared-to-CO luminosity ratio, with one population presenting values typically found in normal star-forming systems, while the other having lower ratio values, comparable to those measured for starbursts. We find no evidence that AGN feedback rapidly quenches star formation in type 1 AGNs. Our results may imply an underlying the role of host galaxy gravitational instabilities or the fast inflow of cold gas in triggering AGN activity.
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