This paper is devoted to study the cosmological behavior of homogeneous and isotropic universe model in the context of \(f(R,T^{\varphi})\) gravity where \(\varphi\) is the scalar field. For this ...purpose, we follow the first order formalism defined by \(H=W(\varphi)\). We evaluate Hubble parameter, effective equation of state parameter \((\omega^{eff})\), deceleration parameter and potential of scalar field for three different values of \(W(\varphi)\). We obtain phantom era in some cases for the early times. It is found that exponential expression of \(W(\varphi)\) yields \(\omega^{eff}\) independent of time for flat universe and independent of model parameter otherwise. It is concluded that our model corresponds to \(\Lambda\)CDM for both initial as well as late times.
This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted with an objective to find out the present employment and academic status of recent dental graduates in Dhaka city. The study was conducted ...for one year from July 2019 to June 2020 at different work places of recent dental graduates and residence of unemployed dental graduates in Dhaka city. A total of 414 recent dental graduates were the respondents of the study. Study revealed that 212 (51.2%) of the respondents were male and 202 (48.8%) of the respondents were female. With regards to employment, it was revealed that 340 (82.1%) of the respondents were employed as dental surgeon and 57 (13.8%) of the respondents were yet to get formal employment. Among the employed dental graduates, 203 (57%) were full-time employee and 154 (47%) were part-time. Only 55 (15.4%) dental surgeons among them were working in government sector and rest were non-government employee or self-employed. Self-employment as a dental surgeon was the main source of income for 179 (43.2%) of total respondents. Regarding the job satisfaction, 139 (33.6%) were moderately satisfied and 182 (44%) were not satisfied with their pay standard. With regards to further academic engagement, 88 (21.2%) respondents were enrolled in different postgraduation courses whereas 205 (49.5%) of the respondents were also engaged in learning activities to get admitted into postgraduation courses. Study recommended that newly graduated dental surgeons could be utilized by engaging into both urban and rural areas by creating scope in both government and nongovernment sectors. Further academic engagement may be ensured by initiating new courses of dentistry and by increasing number of affiliated institutes for post-graduation.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021: 10-17
In this paper, we study dynamics of the charged plane symmetric gravitational collapse. For this purpose, we discuss non-adiabatic flow of a viscous fluid and deduce the results for adiabatic case. ...The Einstein and Maxwell field equations are formulated for general plane symmetric spacetime in the interior. Junction conditions between the interior and exterior regions are derived. For the non-adiabatic case, the exterior is taken as plane symmetric charged Vaidya spacetime while for the adiabatic case, it is described by plane Reissner-Nordstr\(\ddot{o}\)m spacetime. Using Misner and Sharp formalism, we obtain dynamical equations to investigate the effects of different forces over the rate of collapse. In non-adiabatic case, a dynamical equation is joined with transport equation of heat flux. Finally, a relation between the Weyl tensor and energy density is found.
We study the final outcome of gravitational collapse resulting from the plane symmetric charged Vaidya spacetime. Using the field equations, we show that the weak energy condition is always satisfied ...by collapsing fluid. It is found that the singularity formed is naked. The strength of singularity is also investigated by using Nolan's method. This turns out to be a strong curvature singularity in Tipler's sense and hence provides a counter example to the cosmic censorship hypothesis.
Hymenomycetes from Multan district Sultana, K. (Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad (Pakistan)); Gul, M. (University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Dept. of Botany); Firdous, S.S. (University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Dept. of Botany) ...
Pakistan journal of botany,
(Apr 2007), Volume:
39, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Twenty samples of mushroom and toadstools (Hymenomycetes) were collected from Multan district during July-October 2003. Twelve species belonging to 8 genera of class Basidiomycetes were recorded for ...the 1st time from Multan: Albatrellus caeruleoporus (Peck.) Pauzar, Agaricus arvensis Sch., Agaricus semotus Fr., Agaricus silvaticus Schaef., Coprinus comatus (Muell. ex. Fr.), S.F. Gray, Hypholoma emarginatum (Pers.) Schroet., Hypholoma radicosum Lange., Marasmiellus omphaloides (Berk.) Singer, Panaeolus fimicola (Pers. ex. Fr.) Quel., Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire, Psathyrella artemisiae (Pass.) K. M. and Podaxis pistilaris (L. ex. Pers.) Fr. Seven of these species are edible or of medicinal value.
In this paper, we present a novel technique of building hybrid decision support systems which integrates traditional decision support systems with agent based models for use in breast cancer analysis ...for better prediction and recommendation. Our system is based on using queries from data (converted to a standardized electronic template) to provide for simulation variables in an agent-based model. The goal is to develop an ICT tool to assist non-specialist biologist researcher users in performing analysis of large amounts of data by applying simple simulation techniques. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel decision support system, an extensive breast cancer data collection exercise was carried out with the support of Hospitals in a previously unexplored region. The collected data was subsequently integrated in an electronic medical record filing system for patients. We also demonstrate the application of agent based modeling and simulation techniques for building simulation models of tumor growth and treatment. Our proposed decision support system also provides a comprehensive query tool which facilitates the use of retrieved data in statistical tools 2 for subsequent interpretation and analysis.
Depth estimation of a scene from stereo images is an active area of research in computer vision applications. In this paper, a simpler and faster technique for depth estimation, based on structural ...similarity index (SSIM) method, is proposed. The technique provides a simple block based similarity measure that considers the structural similarity between the corresponding blocks of the left and right views. It avoids explicit calculations in depth or disparity estimation. The method shows that the estimation performance is acceptable and it can be used in autonomous navigation and 3D media applications.
Pakistanis belong to the South Asian population which has the highest known rate of coronary artery disease. Folic acid deficiency also appears to be highly prevalent in this population. ...Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism decreases the activity of this enzyme and can be associated with mild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in homozygotes, particularly when there is folic acid deficiency, as well as with coronary artery disease. To assess the value of genotyping the MTHFR 677C>T dimorphism, we carried out a case-control study of dimorphism 677C>T for putative association with myocardial infarction (MI) among Pakistani nationals. We investigated a sample population of 622 Pakistanis consisting of 225 controls and 397 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute MI (AMI). MTHFR C677T alleles were determined by assays based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Frequencies of C alleles were 0.87 among controls and 0.86 among AMI patients. The MTHFR 677C>T dimorphism showed no association with MI (chi(2) = 0.25, 1df, P=0.62), serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 and plasma level of vitamin B6. A significant association, however, was found between homozygous 677T genotype and plasma levels of homocysteine. Multivariate analysis of the data showed that in case of log homocysteine, age and MTHFR genotypes were significantly different (P<0.001). In case of B12, smoking and age were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001), while in case of serum folate only smoking was found to be significant (P<0.001). The results indicate that MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, though associated with homocysteine levels, confers no significant risk of coronary artery disease in the Pakistani population investigated here. We suggest that the higher incidence of AMI in South Asia occurs through mechanisms other than the MTHFR related pathways.
Now-a-days renewable sources are connected to the main grid which creates bi-directional power flow in the network. These sources can have variable and unpredictable impact on the system which can ...produce variable outputs. So, real and reactive power becomes variable throughout the hybrid power system. As a consequence the voltage and angle of the system diverges. Thus a faster technique is needed to compute these state variables for different buses. This paper introduces a modified Newton-Raphson (MNR) method along with modified LU decomposition, optimized acceleration factor and sparse memory allocation to reduce cost and increase speed which is even faster than conventional fast decoupled method. This modified algorithm is highly suitable for hybrid power system for its fast execution.
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