Purpose
To highlight the efficacy of primary Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in angle recession glaucoma following blunt ocular trauma in Indian eyes.
Design
A retrospective analytical study.
...Materials and methods
This study included 52 patients of angle recession glaucoma, who presented between Mar 2006 to Feb 2016, out of which 38 patients had undergone primary AGV implantation, while the rest were managed with topical anti-glaucoma medications. Preoperative data included age, sex, type and mode of injury, duration of injury, assessment of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP). The extent of angle recession was observed by gonioscopy. The intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and the number of anti-glaucoma medications were measured postoperatively. The success of this technique was analyzed by using a Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival curve.
Results
Following AGV implantation, the mean IOP was significantly reduced to 8.7 ± 2.2 at 1st day, 10.1 ± 2.2 at 7th day, 14.2 ± 3.4 at 3rd month, 15.6 ± 3.7 at 1 year, and 15.6 ± 3.6 at 3rd-year follow-up showing statistically significant values (
p
< 0.001) at each visit. The IOP was successfully controlled at the last follow-up without topical treatment. Mean BCVA at 3 years -post-AGV was 0.144 (0.151) (LogMAR) which was statistically significant (
p
< 0.001) as compared to the mean BCVA of 0.898 (± 0.205) LogMAR units at presentation. The success rate by Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was 90% at the mean follow-up duration of 29.47 ± 3.39 months. Overall surgical complications were noted in the form of prolonged hypotony, hyphema in 7 patients (13.5%).
Conclusions
In medically uncontrolled post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma, primary AGV Implantation is a safe and effective surgical procedure with lesser complication rates providing long-term IOP control in a younger population.
The resistive switching memory behavior activated by simulated solar light and swift heavy ion irradiation in poly (3-octylthiophene)-zinc oxide hybrid devices are reported. The current-voltage ...characteristics show the appearance of a remarkable hysteresis in reverse bias and a considerable in a forward bias upon illumination by simulated solar light results in memory behavior. Ion irradiation exhibits strong enhancement of the memory behavior under both dark and light illuminations. Thus, the memory response is activated and/or enhanced upon illumination by light and irradiation along with the cyclic endurance of the devices. This is attributed due to the formation of well built-in conducting filament pathways through the trapping of injected and photo-generated charges via irradiation-induced electrically active defect and trap states and well explained by a schematic energy band diagram. The defect density induced upon ion irradiation works as a dominant factor and thus the tailoring of the interfacial properties of the hybrid devices leads to the strong strengthening of memory formations. Thus, the hybrid devices can be activated and/or enhanced by light and irradiation for potential fast resistive switching memory applications.
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•Organic-inorganic hybrid based a versatile multifaceted resistive switching (RS) memory activated by light and ion irradiation.•RS memory with very high cyclic endurance of the devices.•The mechanism of activation is explained by formation of conducting filaments due to the ordering of the polymer and the transient charging of molecular chains.•Such low cost and simple devices have lots of potentials as non-volatile RSM and could be easily integrated in the existing silicon-based technology.
Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channels are cation channels activated by oxidative stress and ADP-ribose (ADPR
)
. Role of TRPM2 channels has been postulated in several ...neurological disorders, but, it has not been explored in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, the role of TRPM2 and its associated poly (ADPR) polymerase (PARP) signaling pathways were investigated in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD rat model using TRPM2 inhibitor, 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borinate (2-APB), and PARP inhibitor, N-(6-Oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-(N,N-dimethylamino) acetamide hydrochloride (PJ-34). PD was induced by using a bilateral intranigral administration of MPTP in rats, and different parameters were evaluated. An increase in oxidative stress was observed, leading to locomotor and cognitive deficits in the PD rats. PD rats also showed an increased TRPM2 expression in the striatum and mid-brain accompanied by reduced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in comparison to sham animals. Intraperitoneal administration of 2-APB and PJ-34 led to an improvement in the locomotor and cognitive deficits in comparison to MPTP-induced PD rats. These improvements were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of oxidative stress and an increase in TH levels in the striatum and mid-brain. In addition, these pharmacological interventions also led to a decrease in the expression of TRPM2 in PD in the striatum and mid-brain. Our results provide a rationale for the development of potent pharmacological agents targeting the TRPM2-PARP pathway to provide therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurological diseases like PD.
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), by Angiotensin converting enzyme/Angiotensin II/Angiotensin receptor-1 (ACE/Ang II/AT1 R) axis elicits amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment. ...Furthermore, ACE2 induced release of Ang-(1-7) binds with the Mas receptor and autoinhibits ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis activation. Inhibition of ACE by perindopril has been reported to improve memory in preclinical settings. However, the functional significance and mechanism by which ACE2/Mas receptor regulate cognitive functions and amyloid pathology is not known. The present study is aimed to determine the role of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis in STZ induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have used pharmacological, biochemical and behavioural approaches to identify the role of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis activation on AD-like pathology in both in vitro and invivo models. STZ treatment enhances ROS formation, inflammation markers and NFκB/p65 levels which are associated with reduced ACE2/Mas receptor levels, acetylcholine activity and mitochondrial membrane potential in N2A cells. DIZE mediated ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis activation resulted in reduced ROS generation, astrogliosis, NFκB level and inflammatory molecules and improved mitochondrial functions along with Ca2+ influx in STZ treated N2A cells. Interestingly, DIZE induced activation of ACE2/Mas receptor significantly restored acetylcholine levels and reduced amyloid-beta and phospho-tau deposition in cortex and hippocampus that resulted in improved cognitive function in STZ induced rat model of AD-like phenotypes. Our data indicate that ACE2/Mas receptor activation is sufficient to prevented cognitive impairment and progression of amyloid pathology in STZ induced rat model of AD-like phenotypes. These findings suggest the potential role of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis in AD pathophysiology by regulating inflammation cognitive functions.
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•DIZE treatment improved spatial learning and memory impairment in STZ lesioned SD rats.•Activation of ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas receptor Axis reduced NLRP3 inflammasome mediated neuroinflammation.•Activation of ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas Axis downregulated glial activation.•ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas Axis activation improved mitochondrial functionality by ablating Ca2+ influx and reduced MMP.
Zinc ferrite thin films were deposited using a radio-frequency-sputtering method on glass substrates. As-deposited films were annealed at 200°C for 1, 3 and 5 h, respectively. X-ray diffraction ...studies revealed the amorphous nature of as-grown and annealed films. Thickness of as-deposited film is 96 nm as determined from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy which remains almost invariant with annealing. Transmission electron microscopic investigations envisaged a low degree of crystalline order in as-deposited and annealed films. Thicknesses estimated from these measurements were almost 62 nm. Roughness values of these films were almost 1–2 nm as determined from atomic force microscopy. X-ray reflectivity measurements further support the results obtained from TEM and AFM. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements envisaged 3+ and 2+ valence states of Fe and Zn ions in these films. UV–Vis spectra of these films were characterized by a sharp absorption in the UV region. All films exhibited almost the same value of optical band gap within experimental error, which is close to 2.86 eV.
•A one-dimensional moving boundary problem with moving phase change material is investigated.•Exact solution of the problem is presented with the help of similarity transformation.•To validate our ...study an experimental data of solidification of Al-Cu alloy with 5% Cu is presented.•With increasing Peclet number Pe heat removal at the surface ξ=0 increased and hence material get solidify quickly.•With a moving phase change material transition process (solidification) becomes fast.
A one-dimensional moving boundary problem describing solidification of a eutectic system under imposed material movement occupying a semi-infinite medium is solved for two different cases of solid fraction distribution within the mushy zone. In the first case it is assumed that the solid fraction distribution has a linear relationship with temperature and in the second case solid fraction distribution is varying linearly with distance within the mushy zone. An exact solution of the problem is obtained with the help of a similarity technique. To demonstrate the current study experimental data of Al-Cu solidification are presented. All the thermal-physical properties of each part are discussed in detail for both models. The temperature profile in each region and moving interfaces are calculated for different Peclet number Pe. In the present study it is shown that the moving interfaces are enhanced, growing relatively faster and assisting in the process of phase-transition when material moves in the direction of freeze but transition is delayed when material moves in the reverse direction. It is also shown that mushy zone becomes thinner when surface temperature is lower than the solidus temperature for different Peclet numbers. In addition, the heat removal Q at the surface ξ=0 is shown with respect to time for different Peclet numbers. To validate our study, we compare our results with a previous published work and they are found to be close.
The investigation aims to check the effect of variation of gypsum and water content on the engineering properties of expansive soil by different experiments, namely, mini compaction test, Atterberg ...limit’s test, and unconfined compressive strength test along with microstructural analysis. The effect of gypsum (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), water content (ω
opt
− 3%, ω
opt
, and ω
opt
+ 3%), and curing period up to 28 days on the strength of bentonite-gypsum mixtures was highlighted. The results of bentonite-gypsum mixtures showed an increment in maximum dry unit weight and decrement in the optimum water content up to 4% inclusion of gypsum. A gradual reduction in the liquid limit and plastic limit of bentonite-gypsum mixtures was observed with the increase in gypsum content and curing period. The unconfined compressive strength of the bentonite-gypsum mixtures increased continuously with the increase in gypsum content, water content, and curing period. The microstructural behavior of bentonite-gypsum mixtures showed evidence of pozzolanic product formation along with densification of the composite. The multiple regression analysis was also carried out to establish the relationship between the strength and maximum dry unit weight, liquidity index, and the additive content as well as curing period.
In the present work, zinc ferrite thin films on glass substrates were grown using radio-frequency sputtering method in oxygen environment at base pressure of 2 × 10−6 Torr. As-grown films were ...annealed at 200 °C for 1, 3 and 5 h. X-ray diffraction study envisaged the existence of peaks corresponding to (311) and (440) planes of cubic spinel structure. Both the lattice parameter and crystallite size increased with annealing time leading to crystal perfection with annealing time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study showed presence of bands corresponding to metal-oxygen vibrations in the spinel lattice. Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements revealed that the tetrahedral site occupancy of Fe3+ ions are 1.2 for as-grown zinc ferrite thin film. This occupancy is 1.18, 1.12 and 1.09 for annealing times of 1, 3 and 5 h, respectively. These observations were supported by Zn K-edge EXAFS investigations. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements performed for these films show negative exchange interaction among the Fe3+ ions situtated at different sites. Thus, zinc ferrite thin films having excess occupancy at tetrahedral site was successfully designed on glass substrate.
•Zinc ferrite thin films were grown using radio-frequency sputtering method.•EXAFS studies revealed that tetrahedral site occupancy of Fe3+ ions is larger than 1 in these films.•XMCD study showed negative exchange interaction among the Fe3+ ions at different sites.
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