During construction of a deep shaft at Hecla's Lucky Friday Mine, excessive anisotropic ground deformation led to significant damage to the shaft liner. This necessitated a major design change during ...construction, with the excavated shape of the shaft being changed from a circular to an approximately elliptical geometry. This study utilizes extensometer data collected during construction as well as a three-dimensional finite-difference model of stress redistribution around the shaft and a calibrated two-dimensional discontinuum numerical model to develop an understanding of the factors affecting the relative stability of both shaft geometries. Although the focus of the work is the deformation behavior of the foliated rock surrounding the shaft, the role of liner installation in suppressing ground displacements is also considered. The change in shaft geometry was found to be highly effective in improving stability of the shaft, with the maximum time-dependent displacement around the shaft decreasing by approximately an order of magnitude. Additionally, finite-difference models confirmed that increased stress concentrations around the shaft caused by adjacent level developments played a significant role in exacerbating ground deformation in the circular portion of the shaft.
Clothing plays vital role to maintain heat balance between human body and environment. Heat balance must be maintained to keep a person comfortable. Several factors contribute to the thermal ...properties of textile material, including structure of yarn and fabric which are the key parameters in deciding fabric thermal behaviour. This paper deals with the study of thermal properties of herringbone weave produced with or without structurally modified wool/polyester yarns in the weft. Experimental results are then compared with results obtained through finite element analysis. In the fabric unit, air occupies more volume as compared to fibre volume. Therefore, air should be considered during finite element analysis to obtain good results. In this research, fabric unit cell used for analysis of thermal resistance consists of two domains i.e, air domain and yarn domain. In steady state thermal study, boundary condition was set as 22 °C at one face as it approaches to a comfortable indoor temperature and other face of fabric was set at 35 °C as it directly contacts human skin, and its temperature is nearly equal to skin temperature. The results obtained through finite element analysis show a good co-relation between experimental and predicted values of thermal resistance.
Abstract
High-pressure electrical resistivity measurements reveal that the mechanical deformation of ultra-hard WB
2
during compression induces superconductivity above 50 GPa with a maximum ...superconducting critical temperature,
T
c
of 17 K at 91 GPa. Upon further compression up to 187 GPa, the
T
c
gradually decreases. Theoretical calculations show that electron-phonon mediated superconductivity originates from the formation of metastable stacking faults and twin boundaries that exhibit a local structure resembling MgB
2
(hP3, space group 191, prototype AlB
2
). Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements up to 145 GPa show that the ambient pressure hP12 structure (space group 194, prototype WB
2
) continues to persist to this pressure, consistent with the formation of the planar defects above 50 GPa. The abrupt appearance of superconductivity under pressure does not coincide with a structural transition but instead with the formation and percolation of mechanically-induced stacking faults and twin boundaries. The results identify an alternate route for designing superconducting materials.
We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Josephson-coupled Jaynes-Cummings dimer in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, which can be realized in the cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics ...systems. The semiclassical dynamics is analyzed systematically to chart out a variety of photonic Josephson oscillations and their regime of stability. Different types of transitions between the dynamical states lead to the self-trapping phenomenon, which results in photon population imbalance between the two cavities. We also study the dynamics quantum mechanically to identify characteristic features of different steady states and to explore fascinating quantum effects, such as spin dephasing, phase fluctuation, and revival phenomena of the photon field, as well as the entanglement of spin qubits. For a particular "self-trapped" state, the mutual information between the atomic qubits exhibits a direct correlation with the photon population imbalance, which is promising for generating photon mediated entanglement between two non interacting qubits in a controlled manner. Under a sudden quench from stable to unstable regime, the photon distribution exhibits phase space mixing with a rapid loss of coherence, resembling a thermal state. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the new results in experiments, which can have applications in quantum information processing and quantum technologies.
Efficacious therapeutic strategies against lymphatic filariasis are always sought after. However, natural products are a promising resource for developing effective antifilarial agents. Azadirachtin, ...a significant tetranortriterpenoid phytocompound found in Azadirachta indica, was evaluated in vitro for antifilarial potential against the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Dye exclusion and MTT assay confirmed the antifilarial potential of azadirachtin against S. cervi with a median lethal dose (LC50) of 6.28 μg/ml for microfilariae (mf), and 9.55 μg/ml for adult parasites. Morphological aberrations were prominent in the histological sections of the azadirachtin-exposed parasites. Moreover, alterations in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) parameters in treated parasites were evident. Induction of apoptosis in treated parasites was confirmed by DNA laddering, acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining and in situ DNA fragmentation. The downregulation of anti-apoptotic CED-9 and upregulation of proapoptotic EGL-1, CED-4 and CED-3 at both the transcription and translation levels confirmed apoptosis execution at the molecular level. Changes in the gene expressions of nuc-1, cps-6 and crn-1 further clarified the molecular cause of DNA degradation. Furthermore, azadirachtin was found to be non-toxic in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses. Therefore, the experimental evidence detailed the pharmacological effectiveness of azadirachtin as a possible therapeutic agent against filariasis.
This paper reveals the impact of an ultra-capacitor (UC) and thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS) on frequency stability of large hybrid interconnected power system. The impact of UC and TCPS has ...been studied for general purpose hybrid generated multi areas power system. Further to this, an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is is proposed for automatic load frequency control (ALFC). Thermal and reheat thermal plants are connected in Area-1 and area-2, whereas area-3 has hydro plant and area-4, 5, 6 consists of nuclear power plant, diesel power and gas turbine plant, respectively. A micro grid based on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system and fleet of electric vehicle (EV) system is developed and integrated with load side of area-1 for load management in interconnected grid. Effect of Small load change and large load change are discussed in separate cases. The controllers are tuned by adding sliding surface to enhance the performance. A comparison between ANFIS and PI-based control approaches with and without UC and TCPS exhibits the superiority of ANFIS controller by integrating UC and TCPS. The results of the proposed control technique are compared with already published results.
Phenotyping Cardiogenic Shock Zweck, Elric; Thayer, Katherine L.; Helgestad, Ole K. L. ...
Journal of the American Heart Association,
07/2021, Volume:
10, Issue:
14
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with varied presentations and outcomes. We used a machine learning approach to test the hypothesis that patients with CS have distinct ...phenotypes at presentation, which are associated with unique clinical profiles and in‐hospital mortality. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 1959 patients with CS from 2 international cohorts: CSWG (Cardiogenic Shock Working Group Registry) (myocardial infarction CSWG‐MI; n=410 and acute‐on‐chronic heart failure CSWG‐HF; n=480) and the DRR (Danish Retroshock MI Registry) (n=1069). Clusters of patients with CS were identified in CSWG‐MI using the consensus k means algorithm and subsequently validated in CSWG‐HF and DRR. Patients in each phenotype were further categorized by their Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions staging. The machine learning algorithms revealed 3 distinct clusters in CS: "non‐congested (I)", "cardiorenal (II)," and "cardiometabolic (III)" shock. Among the 3 cohorts (CSWG‐MI versus DDR versus CSWG‐HF), in‐hospital mortality was 21% versus 28% versus 10%, 45% versus 40% versus 32%, and 55% versus 56% versus 52% for clusters I, II, and III, respectively. The "cardiometabolic shock" cluster had the highest risk of developing stage D or E shock as well as in‐hospital mortality among the phenotypes, regardless of cause. Despite baseline differences, each cluster showed reproducible demographic, metabolic, and hemodynamic profiles across the 3 cohorts. Conclusions Using machine learning, we identified and validated 3 distinct CS phenotypes, with specific and reproducible associations with mortality. These phenotypes may allow for targeted patient enrollment in clinical trials and foster development of tailored treatment strategies in subsets of patients with CS.
As research efforts into the two-dimensional (2D) materials continue to mature, finding applications in which they can be productively used has become of greater interest. Applications in the energy ...sector are of particular importance, with the pressing need to decarbonize our economy and to live more sustainably. For a material to be optimal for an application we typically tailor their specific properties and characteristics to best fit with the desired parameters. In the past, this has included the forging of metal alloys or the doping of semiconductors, allowing us to controllably adjust the material properties. For two-dimensional materials, one of the best routes for such controlled manipulation is via forming a heterostructure, or hybrid, with another nanomaterial. In this review, we will explore the emergence of 0D-2D hybrid materials, where a 2D layered material is combined with a zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticle or fullerene to adjust and enhance overall performance. We will cover the basics of their structure and modes of interaction, the different synthetic methods used for their assembly and preparation and review several energy applications in which promising results have already been achieved.
Oxidative stress contributes to severity of ulcerative colitis (UC) but the status of erythrocyte antioxidant defence remains unknown. The present study was aimed to study the role of oxidative ...stress and antioxidant levels in erythrocytes of UC patients from north India.
A total of 81 adult UC patients and 85 age and sex matched apparently healthy controls were included in this study. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in erythrocytes.
Mean age of UC patients was 43.5 yr (range 18-64 yr) while in the control group this was 45.3 yr (range 20-64 yr). LPO, catalase and SOD levels in UC patients were significantly increased (P< 0.05) compared to healthy controls, while GSH levels in UC patients were significantly decreased (P< 0.05) compared to healthy controls Ulcerative colitis activity score (UCAI) was 157.4±27.6 in UC patients.
Increased levels of LPO, SOD, catalase and a decreased level of GSH represent that oxidative stress plays a significant role in pathophysiology of UC. Further, the levels of LPO, GSH, catalase and SOD remained same during different UCAI.
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