The Generalized Overview of the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy Effective 2023.01.15 (Generalized Overview) is an instructional material that provides a basic, clear, and linear understanding ...of the NIH policy and its requirements. While not developing or utilizing new technology, the Generalized Overview is innovative and notable for creatively using a freely available graphic design tool to translate government policy language into an accessible and understandable infographic that can disseminate important information about the NIH DMS Policy needed by researchers and by those who support them. Shared via a Creative Commons license, others may fully adapt the infographic or may simply add their own institutional contact information. The Generalized Overview can be used by any who find themselves responsible for publicizing and/or teaching the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy at their respective libraries and institutions. It is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for official guidance from the NIH.
Macrophages have previously been characterized based on phenotypical and functional differences into suggested simplified subtypes of MØ, M1, M2a and M2c. These macrophage subtypes can be generated ...in a well-established primary monocyte culture model that produces cells expressing accepted subtype surface markers. To determine how these subtypes retain functional similarities and better understand their formation, we generated all four subtypes from the same donors. Comparative whole-cell proteomics confirmed that four distinct macrophage subtypes could be induced from the same donor material, with > 50% of 5435 identified proteins being significantly altered in abundance between subtypes. Functional assessment highlighted that these distinct protein expression profiles are primed to enable specific cell functions, indicating that this shifting proteome is predictive of meaningful changes in cell characteristics. Importantly, the 2552 proteins remained consistent in abundance across all macrophage subtypes examined, demonstrating maintenance of a stable core proteome that likely enables swift polarity changes. We next explored the cross-polarization capabilities of preactivated M1 macrophages treated with dexamethasone. Importantly, these treated cells undergo a partial repolarization toward the M2c surface markers but still retain the M1 functional phenotype. Our investigation of polarized macrophage subtypes therefore provides evidence of a sliding scale of macrophage functionality, with these data sets providing a valuable benchmark resource for further studies of macrophage polarity, with relevance for cell therapy development and drug discovery.
The DMPTool NIH DMSP Templates Project Exner, Nina; Kim, Seonyoung; Smith, Katy
Journal of the Medical Library Association,
04/2024, Volume:
112, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The DMPTool NIH Data Management and Sharing Plan (DMSP) Templates Project was launched in response to the 2023 NIH Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Policy. This new policy introduced a more ...structured framework for DMS Plans, featuring six key elements, a departure from the 2003 NIH DMS policy. The project aimed to simplify the process for data librarians, research administrators, and researchers by providing a template with curated guidance, eliminating the need to navigate various policies and guidelines. The template breaks out each Plan section and subsection and provides related guidance and examples at the point of need. This effort has resulted in two NIH DMSP Templates. The first is a generic template (NIH-Default) for all ICs, complying with NOT-OD-21-013 and NOT-OD-22-198. More recently, an NIMH-specific template (NIH-NIMH) was added based on NOT-MH-23-100. As of October 2023, over 5,000 DMS Plans have been written using the main NIH-Default template and the NIH-NIMH alternative template. Keywords: Research data management; Data management and sharing plans; DMPTool; NIH grant compliance; NIH data management and sharing plans
Investigating the role that host erythrocyte proteins play in malaria infection is hampered by the genetic intractability of this anucleate cell. Here we report that reticulocytes derived through in ...vitro differentiation of an enucleation-competent immortalized erythroblast cell line (BEL-A) support both successful invasion and intracellular development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Using CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and subsequent complementation, we validate an essential role for the erythrocyte receptor basigin in P. falciparum invasion and demonstrate rescue of invasive susceptibility by receptor re-expression. Successful invasion of reticulocytes complemented with a truncated mutant excludes a functional role for the basigin cytoplasmic domain during invasion. Contrastingly, knockout of cyclophilin B, reported to participate in invasion and interact with basigin, did not impact invasive susceptibility of reticulocytes. These data establish the use of reticulocytes derived from immortalized erythroblasts as a powerful model system to explore hypotheses regarding host receptor requirements for P. falciparum invasion.
Objective
The aim of this study was to test associations of prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, oral glucose challenge test results, and postpartum weight loss as predictors of breast milk ...leptin, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations and whether these relationships vary over time.
Methods
Milk was collected at 1 and 3 months from 135 exclusively breastfeeding women from the longitudinal Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth (MILk) study. Hormones were assayed in skimmed samples using ELISA. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were employed to assess main effects and effect‐by‐time interactions on hormone concentrations.
Results
In adjusted models, BMI was positively associated with milk leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.03) and negatively associated with milk adiponectin (P = 0.02); however, the association was stronger with insulin and weaker with adiponectin at 3 months than at 1 month (time interaction P = 0.017 for insulin and P = 0.045 for adiponectin). Gestational weight gain was positively associated and postpartum weight loss was negatively associated with milk leptin (both P < 0.001), independent of BMI. Oral glucose challenge test results were not associated with these milk hormone concentrations.
Conclusions
Maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy contributes to interindividual variation in human milk composition. Continuing work will assess the role of these and other milk bioactive factors in altering infant metabolic outcomes.
Objective
The goal of this study was to examine the associations of maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy with breast milk C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), two ...bioactive markers of inflammation, measured at 1 and 3 months post partum.
Methods
Participants were 134 exclusively breastfeeding mother‐infant dyads taking part in the Mothers and Infants Linked for Health (MILK) study, who provided breast milk samples. Pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were assessed by chart ion; postpartum weight loss was measured at the 1‐ and 3‐month study visits. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of maternal weight status with repeated measures of breast milk CRP and IL‐6 at 1 and 3 months, after adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
Pre‐pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG, but not total GWG or postpartum weight loss, were independently associated with breast milk CRP after adjustment (β = 0.49, P < 0.001 and β = 0.51, P = 0.011, respectively). No associations were observed for IL‐6.
Conclusions
High pre‐pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are associated with elevated levels of breast milk CRP. The consequences of infants receiving varying concentrations of breast milk inflammatory markers are unknown; however, it is speculated that there are implications for the intergenerational transmission of disease risk.
Few studies on hair mercury have been conducted in India despite the fact that India is the world's third largest producer of coal and coal is India's primary energy source. No studies have been ...conducted in the Indian state of West Bengal which has a coastline with the Bay of Bengal. This study examined the concentration of mercury in hair in two diverse populations in West Bengal, India: Sundarban, a mangrove wetland where fishing is a common occupation, and Calcutta, a megacity and India's oldest functioning port. Individuals from whom scalp hair was collected (N=100) were asked a series of questions on occupation, education, age, smoking and alcohol consumption, and fish consumption. SAS was utilized to generate descriptive statistics including frequency and univariate analyses and to perform regression analyses to determine significant predictors of hair mercury in this population. The mean hair mercury increased across the first three age categories (<21, 21–30, 31–45) and decreased in the fourth category (>45). Hair mercury concentration was significantly higher among residents of Sundarban compared to Calcutta (p=0.0005). In multivariable analysis, location (Sundarban vs. Calcutta) and age were significant predictors of hair mercury concentration (p=0.0120 and p=0.0161, respectively). Average hair mercury concentrations in this study were not particularly elevated. Smoking and alcohol consumption were predictors of hair mercury concentration. The hair mercury in Sundarban residents compared to Calcutta residents may be elevated due to greater consumption of fish and type of fish consumed.
•Few studies on hair mercury have been conducted in India despite the fact that coal is India's primary energy source.•This study examined the concentration of mercury in hair in two diverse populations: Sundarban, where fishing is a common occupation, and Calcutta.•Location (Sundarban vs. Calcutta) and age were significant predictors of hair mercury in a multivariable analysis.•The number of fish meals consumed was significantly associated with hair mercury in a trend analysis.
Enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers (EENFs) have the potential to increase crop yield while decreasing soil N loss. However, the effect of EENFs on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different ...agricultural systems is not well understood. Thus, studies from a variety of locations and cropping systems are needed to evaluate their impact. An experiment was initiated on a Coastal Plain soil under cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production for comparing EENFs to traditional sources. Nitrogen sources included urea, ammonia sulfate (AS), urea-ammonia sulfate (UAS), controlled- release, polymer-coated urea (Environmental Smart Nitrogen ESN), stabilized granular urea (SuperU), poultry litter (PL), poultry litter plus AgrotainPlus (PLA), and an unfertilized control. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)), nitrous oxide (N(2)O), and methane (CH(4)) fluxes were monitored regularly after fertilization through harvest from 2009 to 2011 using a closed-chamber method. Poultry litter and PLA had higher CO(2) flux than other N treatments, while ESN and SU were generally lowest following fertilization. Nitrous oxide fluxes were highly variable and rarely affected by N treatments; PL and PLA were higher but only during the few samplings in 2010 and 2011. Methane fluxes were higher in 2009 (wet year) than 2010 or 2011, and N treatments had minimal impact. Global warming potential (GWP), calculated from cumulative GHG fluxes, was highest with PL and PLA and lowest for control, UAS, ESN, and SU. Results suggest that PL application to cotton increases GHG flux, but GHG flux reductions from EENFs were infrequently different from standard inorganic fertilizers, suggesting their higher cost may render them presently impractical.
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