We present the first systematic nonlocal dispersive optical model analysis using both bound-state and scattering data of O16,18, Ca40,48, Ni58,64, Sn112,124, and Pb208. In all systems, roughly half ...the total nuclear binding energy is associated with the most-bound 10% of the total nucleon density. The extracted neutron skins reveal the interplay of asymmetry, Coulomb, and shell effects on the skin thickness. Our results indicate that simultaneous optical model fits of inelastic scattering and structural data on isotopic pairs are effective for constraining asymmetry-dependent nuclear structural quantities otherwise difficult to observe experimentally.
Defining malnutrition: a plea to rethink Soeters, P; Bozzetti, F; Cynober, L ...
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland),
06/2017, Volume:
36, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract In a recent consensus report in Clinical Nutrition the undernourished category of malnutrition was proposed to be defined and diagnosed on the basis of a low BMI or unintentional weight loss ...combined with low BMI or FFMI with certain cut off points. The definition was endorsed by ESPEN despite recent endorsement of a very different definition. The approach aims to assess whether nutritional intake is sufficient but is imprecise because a low BMI does not always indicate malnutrition and individuals with increasing BMI's may have decreasing FFM's. The pathophysiology of individuals, considered to be malnourished in rich countries and in areas with endemic malnutrition, results predominantly from deficient nutrition combined with infection/inflammation. Both elements jointly determine body composition and function and consequently outcome of disease, trauma or treatment. When following the consensus statement only an imprecise estimate is acquired of nutritional intake without knowing the impact of inflammation. Most importantly, functional abilities are not assessed. Consequently it will remain uncertain how well the individual can overcome stressful events, what the causes are of dysfunction, how to set priorities for treatment and how to predict the effect of nutritional support. We therefore advise to consider the pathophysiology of malnourished individuals leading to inclusion of the following elements in the definition of malnutrition: a disordered nutritional state resulting from a combination of inflammation and a negative nutrient balance, leading to changes in body composition, function and outcome. A precise diagnosis of malnutrition should be based on assessment of these elements
The neutron inelastic scattering of carbon-12, populating the Hoyle state, is a reaction of interest for the triple-alpha process. The inverse process (neutron upscattering) can enhance the Hoyle ...state's decay rate to the bound states of
C, effectively increasing the overall triple-alpha reaction rate. The cross section of this reaction is impossible to measure experimentally but has been determined here at astrophysically-relevant energies using detailed balance. Using a highly-collimated monoenergetic beam, here we measure neutrons incident on the Texas Active Target Time Projection Chamber (TexAT TPC) filled with CO
gas, we measure the 3α-particles (arising from the decay of the Hoyle state following inelastic scattering) and a cross section is extracted. Here we show the neutron-upscattering enhancement is observed to be much smaller than previously expected. The importance of the neutron-upscattering enhancement may therefore not be significant aside from in very particular astrophysical sites (e.g. neutron star mergers).
Predictors of negative outcomes related to hepatitis A virus (HAV) need to be studied at a national level.
A retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2013) and Nationwide ...Readmission Database (2010–2014) was performed to evaluate the outcomes of hospitalized patients with HAV. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the Nationwide Readmission Database included a varying number of states during the studied time and reflect the range of implementation dates of the HAV vaccines. Multivariable analyses were fit to determine predictors of outcomes.
A total of 13,514 patients were admitted with HAV during the studied time. Thirty-day and 90-day readmission rates were 11.4% and 15%, respectively. Predictors of readmission, longer length of stay, and mortality included patients aged >60 years (odds ratio OR: 1.02; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.001–1.03, OR: 1.15; CI: 1.07–1.24, OR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.47–11.16, respectively), Medicare insurance (OR:3.63; 95% CI: 2.18–6.03, OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17–1.37, OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.18–6.04, respectively), and cirrhosis (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.05–3.21, OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20–1.47, OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.14–7.05, respectively). Predictors of higher cost of admission included patients aged >60 years (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19–1.46), Hispanic (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05–1.24), Medicare insurance (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10–1.35), Medicaid insurance (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), and cirrhosis (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11–1.46).
Patients at increased healthcare utilization and mortality should be prioritized for HAV vaccination.
Using symmetric 112Sn+112Sn, 124Sn+124Sn collisions as references, we probe isospin diffusion in peripheral asymmetric 112Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn systems at an incident energy of E/A=50 MeV. Isoscaling ...analyses imply that the quasiprojectile and quasitarget in these collisions do not achieve isospin equilibrium, permitting an assessment of isospin transport rates. We find that comparisons between isospin sensitive experimental and theoretical observables, using suitably chosen scaled ratios, permit investigation of the density dependence of the asymmetry term of the nuclear equation of state.
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