Moral crisis in society, among others, characterized by: a loss of honesty, loss of sense of responsibility, not able to think ahead, lack of discipline, cooperation crisis, the crisis of justice, ...and crisis care The establishment of the most appropriate character held at the school for three reasons: Firstly the majority of students recognize physical education in schools. Both school age is a period that is effective to instill values. The third physical education in schools still emphasizes achievement. Primary school age children are children aged 6 to 12 years. At this time the so-called child age child. At this time is the most appropriate time to teach skills and educate the child's character. Physical education and sport merrupakan sections and education in general. The purpose of education is to achieve educational goals through learning physical education and sport. Physical education and sport teaches the following values: Respect, Friendship, Sportif, Creative, ooperation, fair play, hard work, responsibility, and Never give up, Implementation of physical education as a means of forming the character are: 1) Modeling 2). Creating an environment characterized by 3). Habituation 4). Instill discipline 5) develop ethical guidelines and 6). Encourage students to show good behavior. Physical education teachers should give emphasis on what should and what should not be done students to study physical education and sport can be used as a means of forming character.
Deteksi dini gangguan tumbuh kembang balita dapat dilakukan melalui anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisis rutin, skrining perkembangan dan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Keluhanorangtua mengenai penyimpangan ...perkembangan anaknya perlu ditindaklanjuti karenasebagian terbukti benar. Penting pula menanyakan faktor-faktor risiko di lingkunganmikro (ibu), mini (lingkungan keluarga dan tempat tinggal), meso (lingkungan tetangga,polusi, budaya, pelayanan kesehatan dan pendidikan) dan makro (kebijakan program)yang dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang balita atau dapat dioptimalkan untukmengatasi gangguan tersebut. Pemeriksaan fisis rutin meliputi pengukuran tinggi danberat badan, bentuk dan ukuran lingkar kepala, kelainan organ-organ lain danpemeriksaan neurologis dasar. Skrining perkembangan dapat menggunakan kuesioneratau melakukan pengamatan langsung pada balita. Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan(KPSP) berisi 10 pertanyaan untuk setiap kelompok umur, yang ditanyakan kepadaorangtua oleh paramedis atau dokter. Buku Pedoman Perkembangan Anak di Keluarga(Depkes RI) menilai 4 keterampilan balita untuk setiap kelompok umur, yang dapatdilakukan oleh paramedis atau kader kesehatan. Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) berisi35 perilaku anak yang dapat ditanyakan oleh paramedis atau dokter kepada orangtua.Kuesioner Skrining Perilaku Anak Prasekolah menyerupai PSC tetapi hanya berisi 30pertanyaan. Skrining Perkembangan Denver II mempunyai kepekaan yang cukup baikuntuk deteksi gangguan gerak kasar, gerak halus, berbahasa dan personal sosial. Selainitu secara tidak langsung dapat mendeteksi gangguan penglihatan, koordinasi matatangan,pendengaran, pemahaman, komunikasi verbal - non verbal, pemecahan masalahdan kemandirian, namun kurang peka untuk gangguan emosional. Checklist for Autismin Toddlers (CHAT) adalah salah satu alat skrining untuk deteksi dini gangguan spektrumautistik (austistic spectrum disorder) anak umur 18 bulan sampai 3 tahun. Pemeriksaanlanjutan yang komprehensif sebaiknya melibatkan berbagai profesi dan disiplin keilmuanuntuk memastikan jenis, derajat dan penyebab gangguan, serta merencanakan tindaklanjut yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi agar anak dapat tumbuh kembang optimal.
Bayi risiko tinggi ialah bayi yang secara klinis belum menunjukkan hambatanperkembangan tetapi berpotensi untuk mengalami gangguan perkembangan akibatfaktor risiko biomedik, lingkungan psikososial ...atau sosial ekonomi. Faktor risikotersebut secara langsung atau tidak langsung dapat mengganggu perkembangan otak,sehingga mengganggu perkembangan gerak, komunikasi, kognitif, emosi-sosial danperilaku. Plastisitas otak adalah kemampuan susunan saraf untuk menyesuaikan diriberupa perubahan anatomi, kemampuan neurokimiawi atau perubahan metabolik.Stimulasi dini adalah rangsangan auditori, visual, taktil dan kinestetik yang diberikansejak perkembangan otak dini, dengan harapan dapat merangsang kuantitas dan kualitassinaps sel-sel otak, untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi otak. Stimulasi dini harusmemperhatikan tahapan maturasi otak, waktu, jenis stimulasi, cara melakukanstimulasi, intensitas, perbedaan individual, keterpaduan dan dukungan program lainyang berkelanjutan. Peran dokter dan perawat di ruang bayi baru lahir, serta orangtuasangat penting, oleh karena itu mereka perlu dibekali pengetahuan dan ketrampilanmengenai stimulasi dini
The aim of this research to identify and analyze organizational resources consisting of man, money, material, methods, machine, networking and information systems in PELTI Semarang. This research is ...a qualitative research using ethnographic methods. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study 1) man for planning are not going well because there is no selection process, while organizing, actuating and supervising are going well. 2) money in this organization for planning, organizing and supervising is going well, while the actuating is not good because there are needs that do not have a budget. 3) material for planning, organizing and actuating is not going well because this organization does not yet have a tennis court while supervision is going well. 4) methods in this organization for planning, organizing, actuating and supervising goes well. 5) machine for this organization from planning, organizing, actuating and supervising activities are going well. 6) networking for this organization for planning, organizing, actuating and supervising is running well. 7) the information system for planning, organizing and supervising is running well, while the actuating is not going well.
The objectives of this study: (1) How to find out the training motivation of PPLP boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu City; (2) How to maintain the intrinsic motivation of PPLP ...boxing athletes during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City; (3) How to maintain the extrinsic motivation of PPLP boxing athletes during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City; (4) What obstacles do PPLP boxing athletes face during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City. The research uses qualitative methods with the design of phenomenological studies. The data source is information from PPLP athletes from Central Sulawesi Province, coaches, provincial dispora and parents of PPLP boxing athletes. The data obtained are analyzed qualitatively with the following steps: (1) data collection; (2)data reduction; (3) presentation of data. The results showed that the training conditions of pplp boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu city felt the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of appearing in Central Sulawesi in 2020. The obstacle to training pplp boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu city is that during this pandemic, the government issued a very unprofitable policy for PPLP boxing athletes. The training strategies for boxing athletes during the covid-19 pandemic in the city of Palu can still train during the pandemic; they are restricting training grounds. Online media is a solution for PPLP Central Sulawesi boxing athletes; by using online media, they can carry out training through the program provided by the trainer and not carry out training in crowded places.
Indonesia reports the second highest dengue disease burden in the world; these data are from passive surveillance reports and are likely to be significant underestimates. Age-stratified ...seroprevalence data are relatively unbiased indicators of past exposure and allow understanding of transmission dynamics.
To better understand dengue infection history and associated risk factors in Indonesia, a representative population-based cross-sectional dengue seroprevalence study was conducted in 1-18-year-old urban children. From October to November 2014, 3,210 children were enrolled from 30 geographically dispersed clusters. Serum samples were tested for anti-dengue IgG antibodies by indirect ELISA. A questionnaire investigated associations between dengue serologic status and household socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Overall, 3,194 samples were tested, giving an adjusted national seroprevalence in this urban population of 69.4% 95% CI: 64.4-74.3 (33.8% 95% CI: 26.4-41.2 in the 1-4-year-olds, 65.4% 95% CI: 69.1-71.7 in the 5-9-year-olds, 83.1% 95% CI: 77.1-89.0 in the 10-14-year-olds, and 89.0% 95% CI: 83.9-94.1 in the 15-18-year-olds). The median age of seroconversion estimated through a linear model was 4.8 years. Using a catalytic model and considering a constant force of infection we estimated 13.1% of children experience a primary infection per year. Through a hierarchical logistic multivariate model, the subject's age group (1-4 vs 5-9 OR = 4.25; 1-4 vs. 10-14 OR = 12.60; and 1-4 vs 15-18 OR = 21.87; p<0.0001) and the number of cases diagnosed in the household since the subject was born (p = 0.0004) remained associated with dengue serological status.
This is the first dengue seroprevalence study in Indonesia that is targeting a representative sample of the urban paediatric population. This study revealed that more than 80% of children aged 10 years or over have experienced dengue infection at least once. Prospective incidence studies would likely reveal dengue burdens far in excess of reported incidence rates.
Self-efficacy is the conviction that one can perform the tasks required to accomplish specific goals. Teachers' self-efficacy is crucial in the physical education environment to promote active ...engagement in achieving the objectives of the Great Design of National Sport (DBON). This study aims to examine physical education teachers' self-efficacy and how it affects their participation in DBON implementation. The research method used was a descriptive survey with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 40 physical education teachers in Cilacap district at the elementary school level selected by random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring the level of self-efficacy and teachers' participation in DBON programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. This study revealed that the average self-efficacy of sports teachers in contributing to achieving the goals of the National Sports Grand Design (DBON) related to increasing sports culture in the community was 90.78%. In addition, the average self-efficacy of sports teachers in terms of capacity, synergy, and productivity of national achievement sports is 88.12%. The average self-efficacy of sports teachers related to improving the sports-based economy is 87.08%. These results indicate that the level of self-efficacy of physical education teachers is in the moderate to high category. There is a significant positive correlation between teachers' self-efficacy and their level of participation in DBON activities, where teachers with high self-efficacy are more likely to be actively involved in sports development programs in schools and communities. The conclusion of this study is that increasing physical education teachers' self-efficacy can significantly contribute to the successful implementation of the National Sport Grand Design. Recommendations include training and workshops to improve teachers' self-efficacy as well as support from the school and government to facilitate teachers' active participation in DBON programs. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Physical Education, Teachers, National Sport Grand Design
There is a high global incidence of typhoid fever, with an annual mortality rate of 200,000 deaths. Typhoid fever also affects younger children, particularly in resource-limited settings in endemic ...countries. Typhoid vaccination is an important prevention tool against typhoid fever. However, the available polysaccharide typhoid vaccines are not recommended for children under 2 years of age. A new typhoid conjugate Vi-diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) vaccine has been developed for infant immunization. We aimed to define the safety and immunogenicity of the Vi-DT vaccine among adults and children in Indonesia.
An observational, blinded, comparative, randomized, phase I safety study in two age de-escalating cohorts was conducted in East Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2017 to February 2018. We enrolled 100 healthy subjects in 2 age groups: adults and children (18-40 and 2-5 years old). These groups were randomized into study groups (Vi-DT vaccine), and comparator groups (Vi-polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccine and another additional vaccine) which was administered in 4 weeks apart. Subjects were followed up to six months.
One hundred healthy adults and children subjects completed the study. The Vi-DT and Vi-PS vaccines showed no difference in terms of intensity of any immediate local and systemic events within 30 minutes post-vaccination. Overall, pain was the most common local reaction, and muscle pain was the most common systemic reaction in the first 72 hours. No serious adverse events were deemed related to vaccine administration. The first and second doses of the Vi-DT vaccine induced seroconversion and higher geometric mean titers (GMT) in all subjects compared to that of baseline. However, in terms of GMT, the second dose of Vi-DT did not induce a booster response.
The Vi-DT vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults and children older than two years. A single dose of the vaccine is able to produce seroconversion and high GMT in all individuals.
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