Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this article was to summarize the available evidence from systematic reviews on telerehabilitation in physical therapy.
Methods
We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, ...and Cochrane Library databases. In addition, the records in PROSPERO and Epistemonikos and PEDro were consulted. Systematic reviews of different conditions, populations, and contexts—where the intervention to be evaluated is telerehabilitation by physical therapy—were included. The outcomes were clinical effectiveness depending on specific condition, functionality, quality of life, satisfaction, adherence, and safety. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were carried out by a reviewer with non-independent verification by a second reviewer. The findings are reported qualitatively in the tables and figures.
Results
Fifty-three systematic reviews were included, of which 17 were assessed as having low risk of bias. Fifteen reviews were on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, 14 on musculoskeletal conditions, and 13 on neurorehabilitation. The other 11 reviews addressed other types of conditions and rehabilitation. Thirteen reviews evaluated with low risk of bias showed results in favor of telerehabilitation versus in-person rehabilitation or no rehabilitation, while 17 reported no differences between the groups. Thirty-five reviews with unclear or high risk of bias showed mixed results.
Conclusions
Despite the contradictory results, telerehabilitation in physical therapy could be comparable with in-person rehabilitation or better than no rehabilitation for conditions such as osteoarthritis, low-back pain, hip and knee replacement, and multiple sclerosis and also in the context of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. It is imperative to conduct better quality clinical trials and systematic reviews.
Impact
Providing the best available evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation to professionals, mainly physical therapists, will impact the decision-making process and therefore yield better clinical outcomes for patients, both in these times of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. The identification of research gaps will also contribute to the generation of relevant and novel research questions.
Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles doped with iron ions have been synthesized via the green chemistry method using aqueous extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) obtained from Soxhlet extraction and ...doped by wet impregnation. The TiO2 anatase phase has been doped with Fe3+ (0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 Fe3+ : Ti molar ratio) at 550°C and 350°C, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) shows nanoparticle clusters and efficiencies of impregnations between 66.5 and 58.4% depending on the theoretical dopant amount. The electron transmission microscopy (TEM) reveals final particle sizes ranging between 7 and 26 nm depending on the presence or not of the dopant. The cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) studies of the doped and undoped nanoparticles show a luminescence signal attributed to surface oxygen vacancies (visible CL emission 380–700 nm and PL emission 350–800 nm); additionally, a decrease in emission intensity is observed due the inhibition of the recombination of the photogenerated electron-holes pairs; moreover, nanopowders were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry of diffuse reflectance, and the absorption edge of the Fe-TiO2 in comparison to undoped TiO2 is extended greatly toward the visible light. The six bands (A1g + 2B1g + 3Eg) found by Raman spectroscopy and the x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirm that synthesized TiO2 is only anatase phase, which is commonly used as a catalyst in waste water treatment, specifically in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes.
The flow regime is essential in the photoreactor’s performance in pollutant degradation in the aqueous medium, especially in fluidized systems. Therefore, this study is focused on determining the ...fluidization conditions of a granular catalyst based on TiO2-CuO nanoparticles (1 wt.% CuO) immobilized on beach sand granules using an FBP photoreactor. COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 was employed for inlet velocities between 0.1 m/s and 1.0 m/s, mainly from the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model and the Stokes drag law. The results indicated that the average velocities in the annular section are much higher (4.11ut and 5.42ut) than the required particle terminal velocity. Moreover, the pressure contour lines revealed that these flow velocities do not represent excessive pressures in the concentric cylinders, with maximum gauge pressures of 740.52 Pa and 1310 Pa for inlet velocities Uo=0.75 and 1.0 m/s, respectively. Finally, it was determined that the Reynolds number adjusted (Repf) values lower than or equal to 1.37×10−3 allow high fluidization after 2 seconds. This information makes it possible to adapt and assemble the FBP equipment for future photocatalytic evaluation.
The removal of organic pollutants from water sources can be enhanced using suitable adsorbents. The aim of this research was to study the adsorption capacity and potential reuse of a magnetic ...adsorbent prepared from agricultural wastes of yam peels (Dioscorea rotundata) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid removal. The procedure was performed through carbonization and activation at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. Then, the as-prepared activated carbon (AC) was chemically modified using magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The AC and magnetic activated carbon (MAC) were characterized and then used for batch adsorption and regeneration tests at different pH, initial concentrations of 2,4-D, and temperature. AC and MAC were showed to have microporous structures with surface areas of 715 and 325 m2/g, respectively. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed for MAC with a saturation magnetization of 6 emu/g. The results from the batch experiments showed higher adsorption capacity at high initial concentration of 2,4-D, low pH, and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the experiments proceeded as exothermic and spontaneous adsorption. Our findings also showed that MAC can be separated from the water medium through a facile magnetic procedure, and from regeneration experiments, MAC showed better results with 60% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles. Hence, MAC was found to be a promising alternative adsorbent of pesticides in water.
The main objective of this article is to provide a critique of the pandemic strategy suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and implemented by various countries from March 2020 onwards in ...the wake of the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Based on the theories of Michel Foucault, this critique aims to show that, in the first instance, the pandemic may be understood in terms of the art of governing human beings at the point of interaction between politics and medicine; secondly, in Foucauldian terminology, such interaction may be referred to as ‘noso-politics’, that is, a mechanism used to control the body of the population via authoritarian measures exercised in the name of the health of the population; thirdly, such a mechanism exercises its power by invoking a mechanistic truth about the SARS-CoV-2 virus which may be countered by an argument that takes a historical perspective on the virus; fourthly, the pandemic strategy may be opposed by a syndemic approach that takes into account interactions between emerging diseases such as COVID-19 and non-communicable illnesses, as well as the biological and socio-economic conditions that the well-being of the population depends on. In short, by providing a critique of the politics of truth about the pandemic, the virus, and health measures, the article aims to encourage a critical attitude that will challenge both the authorities and the truth they invoke to prevent the pandemic strategy being used as a mechanism for governing, given the predictions of the recurrent emergence of new viruses.
In The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, published in 1868, Darwin used the metaphor of the architect to argue in favor of natural autonomy and to clarify the role of chance in his ...theory of adaptive change by variation and natural selection. In this article, I trace the history of this important heuristic instrument in Darwin's writings and letters and suggest that this metaphor was important to Darwin because it helps him to explain the role of chance, and gives an argument in favor of the free will.
Cardiac glycosides (CGs), inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), used clinically to treat heart failure, have garnered recent attention as potential anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. A high-throughput ...phenotypic screen designed to identify modulators of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear body (NB) formation revealed the CG gitoxigenin as a potent activator of PML. We demonstrate that multiple structurally distinct CGs activate the formation of PML NBs and induce PML protein SUMOylation in an NKA-dependent fashion. CG effects on PML occur at the post-transcriptional level, mechanistically distinct from previously described PML activators and are mediated through signaling events downstream of NKA. Curiously, genomic deletion of PML in human cancer cells failed to abrogate the cytotoxic effects of CGs and other apoptotic stimuli such as ceramide and arsenic trioxide that were previously shown to function through PML in mice. These findings suggest that alternative pathways can compensate for PML loss to mediate apoptosis in response to CGs and other apoptotic stimuli.
The structure of the title compound, C
H
N
O
, exhibits a folded conformation with the three arms all on the same side of the tertiary N atom. The two phthalimide units make a dihedral angle of 12.18 ...(12)° and the dihedral angles between the benzyl plane and the phthalimide units are 68.08 (7) and 67.71 (7)°. The crystal packing features π-π inter-actions.
In this research, the photocatalytic degradation of cypermethrin using iron-titanium dioxide (Fe-TiO2) nanoparticles supported in a biomaterial was evaluated. The nanoparticles of TiO2 were ...synthesized by the green chemistry method assisted by ultrasound and doped by chemical impregnation using Fe+3:Ti molar ratios of 0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 to make efficient use of direct sunlight (λ > 310 nm). All nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of coconut spathe (Cocos nucifera). The degradation was carried out at room temperature and natural pH in a flat plate solar reactor, on which the composite material was subjected. The concentration of cypermethrin was determined after 12,000 J m−2 of accumulated radiation from gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the resulting material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The best results were achieved with the use of Evonik TiO2 P-25, Fe:Ti = 0 and Fe:Ti = 0.05 in suspension, with percentages of degradation of cypermethrin of 99.84%, 99.62%, and 100%, respectively. However, the materials supported on the biomaterial of coconut allowed to reach degradation percentages higher than 80%, with the advantage that it minimizes operating costs, as they are not necessarily filtering or centrifuging processes to separate the catalyst.
Anatase TiO
2
nanoparticles doped with iron ions have been synthesized via the green chemistry method using aqueous extract of lemongrass (
Cymbopogon citratus
) obtained from Soxhlet extraction and ...doped by wet impregnation. The TiO
2
anatase phase has been doped with Fe
3+
(0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 Fe
3+
: Ti molar ratio) at 550°C and 350°C, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) shows nanoparticle clusters and efficiencies of impregnations between 66.5 and 58.4% depending on the theoretical dopant amount. The electron transmission microscopy (TEM) reveals final particle sizes ranging between 7 and 26 nm depending on the presence or not of the dopant. The cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) studies of the doped and undoped nanoparticles show a luminescence signal attributed to surface oxygen vacancies (visible CL emission 380–700 nm and PL emission 350–800 nm); additionally, a decrease in emission intensity is observed due the inhibition of the recombination of the photogenerated electron-holes pairs; moreover, nanopowders were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry of diffuse reflectance, and the absorption edge of the Fe-TiO
2
in comparison to undoped TiO
2
is extended greatly toward the visible light. The six bands (A
1g
+ 2B
1g
+ 3E
g
) found by Raman spectroscopy and the x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirm that synthesized TiO
2
is only anatase phase, which is commonly used as a catalyst in waste water treatment, specifically in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes.
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