Summary
This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on three‐dimensionally assessed volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with the effect of time on these ...changes, on bone quality, and the agreement of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) or high‐resolution peripheral QCT (HR‐pQCT) estimates of bone loss. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO. Longitudinal studies on adults undergoing RYGB in which vBMD was assessed by QCT or HR‐pQCT with ≥6 months follow‐up were included. Total hip (TH) changes were reported in four studies, lumbar spine (LS) in eight, radius in eight, and tibia in seven. Significant post‐RYGB vBMD reductions occurred at all skeletal sites analyzed. Meta‐regression revealed that time post‐RYGB was significantly associated with vBMD deterioration in all skeletal sites except at the TH. RYGB also led to significant deterioration on bone quality. DXA underestimated LS and overestimated TH bone losses post‐RYGB. In conclusion, RYGB was associated with significant vBMD loss, which makes screening of bone mass progression by three‐dimensional technology a crucial clinical issue to prevent fracture risk and osteoporosis.
Summary
Objectives
This study assessed the transparency and replicability of exercise‐based interventions following bariatric surgery by evaluating the content reporting of exercise‐based clinical ...trials.
Design
The study design of the present article is a systematic review.
Data sources
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PsycINFO, and Cochrane were searched from their inception to May 2023.
Eligibility criteria
Eligible studies were clinical trials including exercise interventions in participants following bariatric surgery. There were 28 unique exercise interventions. Two independent reviewers applied the exercise prescription components of Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT; four items) and the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT; 19 items). Exercise interventions were organized into four major exercise components: aerobic training, resistance training, concurrent training, and “others.”
Results
The FITT assessment revealed that 53% of the trials did not report the training intensity, whereas 25% did not indicate the duration of the major exercise component within the training session. The mean CERT score was 5 out of a possible score of 19. No studies reached CERT score >10, while 13 out of the total 19 CERT items were not adequately reported by ≥75% of the studies.
Conclusion
This study highlights that the exercise interventions following bariatric surgery are poorly reported, non‐transparent, and generally not replicable. This precludes understanding the dose–response association of exercise and health‐related effects and requires action to improve this scientific field.
Purpose
To get insight into the potential significance of objectively measured sedentary time (ST), and physical activity (PA) intensity levels on sleep quality (SQ) in women with fibromyalgia; and ...to assess whether those who meet moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations have better SQ than their counterparts.
Methods
Four‐hundred and nine women with fibromyalgia (age range 30‐65 years old) from Andalusia (southern Spain) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Sedentary time, PA intensity levels (light, moderate, and MVPA), and total PA were assessed with accelerometers during seven consecutive days. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index self‐report questionnaire.
Results
Higher ST was associated with worse subjective SQ, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and SQ global score (all, P < 0.05). All PA levels were associated with better subjective SQ and sleep latency and with less sleep medication and daytime dysfunction (all, P < 0.05). In addition, light and total PA were associated with better sleep efficiency, SQ global score, and less sleep disturbances (all, P < 0.05). Finally, women meeting bouted PA recommendations displayed better SQ than patients not meeting the recommendations (bouted or non‐bouted).
Conclusion
Lower ST and greater PA levels are associated with better SQ in women with fibromyalgia. This result demonstrates that those patients with fibromyalgia who reduce periods of inactivity and perform PA could be better sleepers, which might contribute to a lower severity of the disease. It is noteworthy that meeting bouted PA recommendations is associated with better SQ.
This study aimed (a) to examine the construct validity of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) to discriminate between different objectively measured physical fitness levels in pregnant women and ...(b) to assess the extent to which IFIS is able to discriminate between pregnant women with different levels of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). A total of 159 pregnant women were involved in the GESTAtion and FITness project: 106 pregnant women (mean age 32.7, SD 4.4 years) were included. Self‐reported physical fitness—that is, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, and overall fitness—was assessed with the IFIS. Physical fitness was objectively measured using the Bruce test, the handgrip strength test and the back‐scratch test. The HRQoL was assessed with the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Higher self‐reported physical fitness measured with IFIS was associated with higher objectively measured physical fitness (P < .05). There was a linear association so that higher self‐reported physical fitness (ie, IFIS; regardless of the fitness component) was related to greater General Health dimension scores (P < .05). Moreover, higher self‐reported physical fitness (all components except muscular strength) was associated with better Physical Functioning, lower Bodily Pain and higher Vitality scores (ie, SF‐36 components). This linear trend was not seen for objectively measured physical fitness. The results of this study suggest that IFIS might be a useful tool for identifying pregnant women with low or very low physical fitness and with low quality of life health‐related. Further research should elucidate whether IFIS can identify women with pregnancy complications before it can be implemented in clinical practice.
Objective
To analyze changes over time and the predictive value of baseline and changes of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) on pain, disease impact, and health‐related quality of life ...(HRQoL) at 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐up in women with fibromyalgia.
Methods
This is a longitudinal and exploratory study with three time points. A total of 427 women with fibromyalgia (51.4 ± 7.6 years) were followed after 2 (n = 172) and 5 years (n = 185). ST and PA (light and moderate‐to‐vigorous MVPA) were assessed using triaxial accelerometers. Pain, disease impact, and HRQoL were measured using: pressure pain threshold, the pain subscale of the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR), the bodily pain subscale of the 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36), a visual analog scale (VAS), the FIQR, and the SF‐36 physical and mental components.
Results
Over 5 years, pressure pain threshold, ST, light PA, and MVPA variables were worsened, while FIQR and SF‐36 variables were improved (Cohen's d < 0.1–0.3). Baseline ST or light PA were not associated with future outcomes, whereas greater MVPA at baseline was associated with better SF‐36 bodily pain at 5‐year follow‐up (β = 0.13). Reducing ST and increasing light PA were associated with better bodily pain (β = −0.16 and 0.17, respectively) and SF‐36 physical component (β = −0.20 and 0.17, respectively) at 5‐year follow‐up. Increasing MVPA was associated with less pain (pressure pain threshold, VAS, and FIQR‐pain) and better SF‐36 physical component at 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐up (β's from −0.20 to 0.21).
Conclusions
Objectively measured variables slightly worsened over years, while for self‐reported outcomes there was a trend for improvement. Reductions in ST and increases in light PA and MVPA were associated with better HRQoL at 5‐year follow‐up, and increases in MVPA were additionally associated with better pain and HRQoL at 2‐year follow‐up.
Background
The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to examine the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with arterial stiffness in women with systemic lupus erythematosus; (ii) to assess the ...potential interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with age on arterial stiffness in this population.
Materials and methods
A total of 49 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean age 41.3 standard deviation 13.8 years) and clinical stability during the previous 6 months were included in the study. Arterial stiffness was assessed through pulse wave velocity (Mobil‐O‐Graph® 24 hours pulse wave velocity monitor). Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated with the Siconolfi step test and the 6‐minute walk test.
Results
Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with pulse wave velocity in crude analyses (P < .05), although this relationship was attenuated when age and other cardiovascular risk factors were controlled. There was a cardiorespiratory fitness × age interaction effect on pulse wave velocity, regardless of the test used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (P < .001 for the Siconolfi step test; P = .005 for the 6‐minute walk test), indicating that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower increase in pulse wave velocity per each year increase in age.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness might attenuate the age‐related arterial stiffening in women with systemic lupus erythematosus and might thus contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population. As the cross‐sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships, future clinical trials should confirm or contrast these findings.
Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in the world, its high survival rate implies that many people live long after the treatments and face their side effects. ...The physical function (PF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people surviving BC decreases significantly, which makes important to identify markers that may be associated with a better health status and prognosis. Previous studies suggest that handgrip strength (HGS) and HGS relative to the body mass index (rHGS) are good indicators of PF and HRQoL in different populations. However, it is unknown whether this applies to BC survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the association of HGS and rHGS with PF and HRQoL in this population. Methods: Sixty female BC survivors participated. Handgrip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. Arm volume was estimated and upper limb impairments, as well as cancer-related fatigue, depression, life satisfaction and HRQoL, were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results: Higher levels of HGS and rHGS were associated with higher levels of HRQoL, lower cancer-related fatigue, and fewer problems with the affected arm. Conclusions: These results suggest that HGS may be a good indicator of self-reported PF and HRQoL in female BC survivors.
•Exercise increases plasma BDNF levels in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders.•Effects were consistent for different exercise type, weekly volume, and intervention length.•These findings ...support the benefits of exercise against neurodegenerative disorders.
Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We aimed to assess the effect of exercise interventions on plasma BDNF levels in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. Eighteen randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effects of exercise interventions versus no exercise on plasma BDNF levels in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment MCI and Alzheimer’s disease) were included. Overall, exercise interventions induced a significant increase in plasma BDNF levels (SMD=2.22, 95% CI=1.33–3.12, p<0.001; 18 studies), which was separately confirmed for multiple sclerosis (SMD= 2.40, 95% CI= 1.30–3.50, p<0.001; 10 studies) and Parkinson's disease (SMD= 10.00, 95% CI= 2.48–17.51, p=0.009; 3 studies), with a non-significant trend also observed for MCI (SMD= 1.07, 95% CI= -0.14–2.28, p=0.080; 4 studies). BDNF levels significantly increased regardless of exercise type (p<0.001, p=0.003 and p=0.020 for combined, aerobic and resistance exercise, respectively), weekly exercise volume (p<0.001 for both ≥150 and <150 min/week) and intervention length (p<0.001 for both interventions of ≥12 and <12 weeks). In conclusion, physical exercise interventions increase plasma BDNF levels in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020199459.
Understanding the relationship between mechanical variables derived from actions such as jumping, sprinting, or ballistic bench press throwing and sport-specific performance moves is of scientific ...and practical interest for strength and conditioning coaches for improving training programs. We examined the association between mechanical variables derived from the force-velocity (FV) profiles of the aforementioned actions and spike and serve ball speeds in elite volleyball players. Twenty-two male elite volleyball players (age: 24.3 ± 4.5 years; height: 1.89 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 86.3 ± 8.6 kg) were tested in two sessions. Squatting, sprinting, and bench press throwing FV profiles were determined in the first session, while spike and serve ball speeds were assessed in the second session. The theoretical maximal force (F0) of vertical jumping, the theoretical maximal velocity of sprinting, and the F0 of bench press throwing in ascending order, were strongly associated (rs range 0.53-0.84; p<0.05) with spike and serve ball speeds. These mechanical variables explained 20%-36% of the variability in spike and serve ball speeds, with a greater influence on the serve speed. These results suggest that assessing jumping, sprinting, and bench press throwing force-velocity profiles might help provide player-specific training programs and optimize performance in these technical-tactical actions in male elite volleyball players.
Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) represent a frequent statin-related adverse effect associated with statin ...discontinuation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Emerging evidence indicate that the majority of SAMS might not be actually caused by statins, and the nocebo/drucebo effect (i.e. adverse effects caused by negative expectations) might also explain SAMS. Lifestyle advice in including physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone in the management of CVD risk. Despite its widely known benefits for CVD protection, evidence of increased creatine-kinase levels in statin-treated athletes exposed to a marathon has been generalized, at least to some extent, to the general population and other types of PA. This generalization is likely inappropriate and might induce fear around PA in statin users. In addition, the guidelines for lipid management focus on aerobic PA while the potential of reducing sedentary behavior and undertaking resistance training have been overlooked and might need to be considered in future guidelines. The aim of this report is to provide a novel proposal for the concurrent prescription of statin therapy and PA addressing the most common and clinically relevant scenarios by simultaneously considering the different stages of statin therapy and the history of PA. These scenarios include i) statin therapy initiation in physically inactive patients, ii) PA/exercise initiation in statin-treated patients, iii) statin therapy initiation in physically active patients, and iv) statin therapy in athletes and very active individuals performing SAMS-risky activities.
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