The current state of practices in health care remediation is not well known. The purpose of this review is to characterize, assess, and present synthesized results of current student and professional ...remediation practices described in the literature.
This study used an integrative review process including article extraction and review, descriptive characterization and statistics, classification of levels of evidence, assessment of risk of bias, and examination of relationships between factors and types of remediation. Articles were located in a search of PubMed (MEDLINE) and EBSCO (CINAHL Complete) last accessed in May 2022. Inclusion criteria: Full text journal articles and Briefs published between January 2001 and May 2022, English language, focus on remediation in health science education programs and professionals, identified key words in title, abstract, or article. Exclusion Criteria: Published outside the date range; focus of study or article outside health sciences; main focus not on remediation process or program (defined above), books, presentations and abstracts.
97 articles were included. Design rigor clustered around Level 6 (case-controlled studies, case series, case reports). All programs and activities were reported as successful. There was a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.01) between healthcare discipline and type of remediation.
A variety of remediation methods for health care students and professionals are reported to be successful. Higher level studies are needed to help define best practices for remediation activities in health care professional knowledge and skill.
This longitudinal study spans two generations of rhesus monkeys. First, the study investigates the effects of early rearing experiences on the maternal behavior of first‐generation mothers (rates of ...premature infant rejection) and, second, the study investigates the effects of maternal rejection on the behavior of second‐generation infants. Rhesus macaque mother–infant dyads (Macaca mulatta—N = 176) were observed twice weekly, with each session lasting 300 s. First‐generation mothers were raised in one of three conditions: as mother‐reared controls (MR; n = 95), in peer groups (PR; raised without adults but with constant access to three same‐aged peers n = 49), or with an inanimate surrogate (SPR; raised with an inanimate fleece‐covered, surrogate mother and limited daily peer‐group interactions n = 32). Second‐generation infants were all raised by their differentially reared mothers and statistically grouped into one of two groups: those that were rejected by their mothers beginning at a more‐typical weaning age (controls), starting in the third month of life (n = 108), and those that were prematurely rejected, with mothers showing rejections before the third month of infant life (n = 68). Overall, PR mothers exhibited the highest rates of premature infant rejection, except for month 1 of infant life, when SPR mothers exhibited the highest rates of rejection. Intriguingly, after month 1, SPR mothers showed high rates of infant cradling and seldom rejected their infants. Independent of their mothers’ early rearing environment, prematurely rejected infants displayed more aggression and passive vigilance, and were cradled and groomed less by their mothers, and there was evidence that the overall rates of rejection after the first 2 months of life had a cumulative negative effect on the developing infant. Post hoc analyses of plasma cortisol levels showed that the prematurely rejected infants had higher cortisol concentrations, suggesting a high level of stress in the prematurely rejected infants. These results suggest that maternal presence during infancy has long‐term effects on a female's future maternal skills which, in turn, have intergenerational consequences for the socioemotional development of second‐generation infants.
Aquaculture farm cages have the ability to interact with local circulation due to the drag caused by the cages. We examined how the drag influences the residence time of particles within fish farms ...in the southwest Isles region of New Brunswick, Canada, in the Bay of Fundy using a high-resolution hydrodynamic model. To accomplish this, we parameterized the cage drag in the model and modeled flow structures at multiple spatial scales, ranging from several meters within the cages, to tens of kilometers in the adjacent open ocean. We used models with and without cage drag to demonstrate how residence time was influenced by the imposition of the cage infrastructure. Our examination indicated that the drag produced by cages is able to significantly change the residence time of particles. The magnitude of the change is strongly sensitive to the timing of tides, tidal speeds and specific locations of farms. Our results suggest that the flushing properties of the wastes from aquaculture activities—for example, feed and subsequently fecal material—are strongly related to flow properties and their interactions with cages. These results emphasize that the design of fish farms should explicitly account for the influence of physical infrastructure (i.e. cages) on depositional processes in order to try and minimize environmental effects.
The two rings of (50000) Quaoar Pereira, C. L.; Sicardy, B.; Morgado, B. E. ...
Astronomy & astrophysics,
05/2023, Volume:
673
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Context.
Quaoar is a classical trans-Neptunian object (TNO) with an area-equivalent diameter of 1100 km and an orbital semi-major axis of 43.3 astronomical units. Based on stellar occultations ...observed between 2018 and 2021, an inhomogeneous ring (Q1R, i.e., Quaoar’s first ring) has been detected around this body.
Aims.
A new stellar occultation by Quaoar was observed on August 9, 2022, with the aim of improving Quaoar’s shape models and the physical parameters of Q1R, while searching for additional material around the body.
Methods.
The occultation provided nine effective chords across Quaoar, pinning down its size, shape, and astrometric position. Large facilities, such as Gemini North and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), were used to obtain high acquisition rates and signal-to-noise ratios. The light curves were also used to characterize the Q1R ring (radial profiles and orbital elements).
Results.
Quaoar’s elliptical fit to the occultation chords yields the limb with an apparent semi-major axis of 579.5 ± 4.0 km, apparent oblateness of 0.12 ± 0.01, and area-equivalent radius of 543 ± 2 km. Quaoar’s limb orientation is consistent with Q1R and Weywot orbiting in Quaoar’s equatorial plane. The orbital radius of Q1R is refined to a value of 4057 ± 6 km. The radial opacity profile of the more opaque ring profile follows a Lorentzian shape that extends over 60 km, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼5 km and a peak normal optical depth of 0.4. Besides the secondary events related to the already reported rings, new secondary events detected during the August 2022 occultation in three different data sets are consistent with another ring around Quaoar with a radius of 2520 ± 20 km, assuming the ring is circular and co-planar with Q1R. This new ring has a typical width of 10 km and a normal optical depth of ∼0.004. Just as Q1R, it also lies outside Quaoar’s classical Roche limit.
Background
GM-CSF-secreting, allogeneic cell-based cancer vaccines have shown promise for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. We have now applied this approach to breast cancer. The aim of ...these studies was to optimize expansion parameters, qualify the manufacturing process, and establish expected outcomes for cGMP-compliant manufacturing of two GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor cell lines.
Methods
The variables affecting the efficiency of expanding and formulating two allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting cell lines, 2T47D-V and 3SKBR3-7, were systematically evaluated. Production criteria investigated included alternative cell culture vessels (flasks vs. cell factories), centrifugation time and speed variables for large volume cell concentration, cell seeding density, the minimal concentration of FBS required for maximal cell expansion, and the dose and timing of irradiation in relation to cryopreservation.
Results
These studies demonstrate that, in comparison with standard 150-cm2 tissue culture flasks, Nunc 10-Stack Cell Factories are a more efficient and practical cell culture vessel for vaccine cell line manufacture. Centrifugation optimization studies using the COBE® 2991™ Cell Processor established that a speed of 2000 r.p.m. (450 g) for 2 min reliably concentrated the cells while maintaining acceptable viability and bioactivity. Radiation studies established that lethal irradiation prior to cryopreservation does not compromise the quality of the product, as measured by post-thaw cell viability and GM-CSF cell line-specific secretion levels. Finally, studies aimed at optimizing the production of one vaccine cell line, 3SKBR3-7, demonstrated that seeding the cells at a higher density and maintaining them in half the initial concentration of FBS maximized the yield of bioactive cells, resulting in significant cost savings.
Discussion
A manufacturing process that simultaneously maximizes cell yield, minimizes cell manipulation and maintains vaccine cell potency is critical for producing cell-based cancer vaccines in an academic setting. These studies define a feasible, reproducible and cost-effective methodology for production of a GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine that is cGMP compliant.
Plantar flexor torque was measured in 24 young (25 ± 1.4 y) and older (62 ± 2 y) untrained and endurance-trained men to test the hypothesis that age-associated declines in muscle function would be ...attenuated in older men who also endurance trained. Endurance-trained subjects averaged 7–9 h/wk of aerobic activity for 10–12 years. These subjects had not engaged in resistance training previously in the past 10 years. Plantar flexor torque was measured at velocities between 0 and 5.23 rads • s−1. In absolute terms, maximal isometric torque was 23% lower in older men compared to young men, regardless of their training status. On the other hand, relative measures of isometric strength (i.e., torque • muscle cross-sectional area−1 and torque • muscle volume−1) were similar in young and older men but were higher in trained than in untrained men. Isokinetic torque • muscle cross-sectional area−1 and torque • muscle volume−1 was greater at contraction velocities of 0.26–2.09 rads • s−1 for trained subjects. These data suggest that endurance training does not attenuate the age-associated loss of muscle mass or absolute strength. However, endurance training might reduce the extent of loss of relative strength because torque • muscle cross-sectional area−1 and torque • muscle volume−1 are greater in endurance-trained older men than in untrained older men.
PCR is the method of choice for assessing antigen receptor gene rearrangement in suspect cutaneous infiltrates. It is a powerful and robust technique, but not without certain limitations and ...pitfalls. Of particular importance in the analysis of lymphoproliferations in the skin are the quality of DNA obtainable, an understanding of how primer choice may influence sensitivity and issues surrounding pseudoclonality. When interpreting results, cognisance must also be taken of the well-documented fact that monoclonal T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements are not infrequently encountered in benign reactive cutaneous disorders. We discuss these issues in detail herein, and outline the situations in which we believe clonality testing may add value to assessing the biological nature of a cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of interpreting any results derived from PCR assays in the context of the clinical, histological and immunophenotypic findings.
Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization using idarubicin and cytarabine was investigated in 40 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in first chronic phase (CML CP1). Disease contamination ...was evaluated in harvests from 41/44 (93%) mobilization episodes. Using cytogenetics, 22/37 (59%) showed a complete or major response; Southern blot analysis demonstrated a complete or major response in 9/17 (53%). No harvests were RT‐PCR negative. In the 41 evaluable episodes, more complete or major responses were seen when PBSC mobilization occurred within 24 months 17/23 (74%) versus 6/18 (33%); P =0.02 and within 12 months of diagnosis 10/11 (91%) versus 13/30 (43%); P = 0.018. 20 patients underwent PBSC transplantation and 18/20 successfully engrafted. Post‐transplant cytogenetic analysis was available on 15 cases, of whom five achieved a major cytogenetic response at 1–3 months, with five partial cytogenetic remissions. Two of 40 patients died during mobilization therapy (5%) and three of 20 after the transplant (15%). Overall mortality was high at five of 40 patients, and the procedural mortality was 20%. This study demonstrates that Ph‐negative PBSCs can be mobilized in a significant proportion of patients with CML CP1, with the best results observed within a year of diagnosis. These cells can subsequently be used for autologous transplantation, however, the impact on long‐term survival requires longer follow‐up, and potential benefits may be compromised by the high mortality.
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