Although counterproductive work behavior (CWB) has long been established as a broad domain of job behaviors, little agreement exists about its internal structure. The present research addressed ...alternative models of broadly defined CWB according to which specific behaviors can be grouped into (a) one general factor, or into (b) two, (c) five, or (d) eleven narrower facets, and a number of possible integrations of these models. First, conceptual differences between these models (including the nature of overall CWB as implying a reflective or formative model, boundaries of the domain, and relations among specific facets) are reviewed with regard to theoretical and practical implications. In Study 1, structural meta-analysis was then used to test whether a reflective higher-order factor underlies meta-analytically constructed correlation matrices of five CWB facets. Analyses supported a general factor model. For Study 2, a primary data set (N = 1,237 employees) was collected in order to test alternative structural models and possible integrations of these models. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the best fit was for a bimodal (nonhierarchical) model in which individual CWBs simultaneously load on one of the eleven facets describing their content (e.g., theft, absenteeism) and on one of three factors describing the target primarily harmed (organization, other persons, self). Less support was found for hierarchical models and for models involving fewer content factors. These findings suggest that CWB is best described by a reflective higher-order factor at the general level and by a complex set of bimodal facets at the more specific level.
In this study, partial least square (PLS) regression models were developed to predict moisture content (MC) (model 1), CIELAB color (model 2) or all four parameters (model 3) of beef slices during ...drying. Model development was based on data from two measurement campaigns of MC (%), CIELAB L*, a* and b*values and hyperspectral data in the range of 500–1009 nm. To increase the robustness of the models, the beef samples varied dependent on cattle breed, cut and pre-treatment. With low-cost, non-invasive continuous monitoring systems in mind, the models were simplified by wavelengths selection. The Deming and Passing-Bablok regression and the Bland-Altman plot revealed high model performances. Mean differences (full/reduced model) of −0.64/-0.64 for MC, −0.14/-0.15 for CIELAB L*, 0.05/0.04 for a* and 0.08/0.06 for b* values were achieved for model 3, which shows the high potential for simple real-time monitoring applications combining all investigated factors and parameters.
•Robust models for spectral measurements of moisture and color during drying of beef.•High accordance between spectral and laboratory measurements.•Simplified high performance models by selection of maximum ten wavelengths.•High potential of simple non-invasive spectral monitoring systems for beef drying.
Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour is rich in health-promoting compounds that can improve the nutritional benefits of baked products when blended with wheat flour. However, the flour particle ...size and blend proportion may affect the quality properties and consumer acceptability of bakery products. This study investigated the effect of flour particle sizes and blend proportions on the physical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties of peeled and unpeeled OFSP composite flour cookies. Peeled and unpeeled OFSP flours (≤ 250 μm and ≤ 500 μm particle size) were produced, and each was used to replace soft wheat flour at the rate of 0 to 100% for cookies formulation. The results obtained showed that substitution of wheat flour with OFSP flours significantly (
p
< 0.05) decreased cookies baking loss, thickness, volume, crust lightness (
L
*) but increased diameter, spread ratio, crust redness, yellowness, contents of ß-carotene, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and flavonoids, and the antioxidant capacity. The hardness and fracturability of the OFSP-based cookies ranged between 1.389 and 10.142 kg and 0.873 and 9.431 kg, respectively, whereas the values of the control cookies were 1.281 ± 0.003 kg and 1.274 ± 0.003 kg, respectively. The effect of flour particle size on the physical and nutritional properties of cookies was insignificant (
p
> 0.05). However, the ≤ 250 μm particle size flour cookies had higher overall acceptability than the ≤ 500 μm particle size flour cookies. The unpeeled OFSP composite cookies had higher bioactive compounds concentrations except for ascorbic acid but had lower overall acceptability than the peeled OFSP cookies. Generally, the 30% peeled OFSP composite flour cookies had the highest consumer acceptability.
•Automatic mounting events detection among pigs is presented.•Ellipse fitting algorithms were used to localize each pig in the image.•The Euclidean distances between head, tail and sides of pigs were ...obtained.•Major and minor axis lengths were altered during mounting events.
Excessive mounting behaviours amongst pigs cause a high risk of poor welfare, arising from skin lesions, lameness and stress, and economic losses from reduced performance. The aim of this study was to develop a method for automatic detection of mounting events amongst pigs under commercial farm conditions by means of image processing. Two pens were selected for the study and were monitored for 20days by means of top view cameras. The recorded video was then visually analysed for selecting mounting behaviours, and extracted images from the video files were subsequently used for image processing. An ellipse fitting technique was applied to localize pigs in the image. The intersection points between the major and minor axis of each fitted ellipse and the ellipse shape were used for defining the head, tail and sides of each pig. The Euclidean distances between head and tail, head and sides, the major and minor axis length of the fitted ellipse during the mounting were utilized for development of an algorithm to automatically identify a mounting event. The proposed method could detect mounting events with high level of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, 94.5%, 88.6% and 92.7%, respectively. The results show that it is possible to use machine vision techniques in order to automatically detect mounting behaviours among pigs under commercial farm conditions.
Optimized air distribution is important for the energy consumption in a batch drying process. Energy and exergy analyses for an innovative diagonal-batch dryer were performed using potato slices of ...5 mm and 8 mm thicknesses at 55 °C and 65 °C. The exergetic efficiency, improvement potential rate (IP) and exergetic factor (f) were taken as performance parameters. The main component for improving the system efficiency was found to be the fan–heater combination, possessing low exergy efficiency, high IP and high f values. The energy utilization, energy utilization ratio, exergy losses and exergy efficiency varied between 1.82 and 12.52 kJ/s, 0.04–0.59, 1.3–4.89 kJ/kg and 0.41–0.94, respectively for potato slices. The specific evaporation energy and specific product energy were found to be in the range of 4.78–6.13 MJ/kg and 16.24–20.63 MJ/kg respectively. The outcomes of the analysis will provide insights into the optimization of a batch dryer for the maximum retention of quality parameters and energy saving.
•Thermodynamic analysis of drying process in a diagonal-batch dryer was performed.•The component “Fan–heater combination” significantly affected the system efficiency.•Drying temperature had an important effect on energy and exergy use.•Energy consumption in hot-air drying can be reduced with optimized air distribution.
Purpose
This study compares the safety and efficacy of the ePTFE-covered self-expansible nitinol stent (VIATORR® Controlled Expansion, Gore, Flagstaff, USA) with the ePTFE-covered, ...balloon-expandable, metallic stent (BeGraft peripheral, Bentley, Hechingen, Germany) for the creation of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
Material and Methods
From September 2016 to December 2020, 72 consecutive patients receiving TIPS for acute variceal bleeding (rescue and early TIPS,
n
= 15) or for prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding (
n
= 57) were enrolled. The main contraindications were patients with vascular liver disease (portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome). Forty patients (55.6%) received a Viatorr CX stent and 32 patients (44.4%) a BeGraft peripheral stent. Safety endpoints were technical and clinical adverse events and early deaths within 30 days after TIPS implantation. Efficacy endpoints were rebleeding rates, recurrence of large varices requiring endoscopic band ligation, or TIPS revision.
Results
Groups receiving the Viatorr CX or BeGraft peripheral stent were comparable in all respects except the TIPS indication for acute variceal bleeding (5% vs. 25%,
p
= 0.015). All patients had a successful intervention, and the physical variables of stent implantation (intervention and fluoroscopy time, reduction of the portosystemic pressure gradient) as well as adjunctive embolization of varices were similar in both groups. Severe clinical complications (Viatorr CX: 5% vs. BeGraft peripheral: 3.1%,
p
= 0.692), post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (12.5% vs. 18.8%,
p
= 0.743) and death (5% vs. 0%,
p
= 0.793) were not different between Viatorr CX and BeGraft peripheral groups. With respect to efficacy, freedom from rebleeding and from variceal band ligation during follow-up (100% vs. 100%,
p
= 1.0), as well as the need for shunt revision (10.5% vs. 18.8%,
p
= 0.327), was comparable.
Conclusion
Compared to the present gold standard, the Viatorr CX stent, the balloon-expandable BeGraft peripheral stent, showed similar results with respect to safety and efficacy.
We study the evolution of the dust temperature of galaxies in the SFR− M∗ plane up to z ~ 2 using far-infrared and submillimetre observations from the Herschel Space Observatory taken as part of the ...PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) guaranteed time key programmes. Starting from a sample of galaxies with reliable star-formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses (M∗) and redshift estimates, we grid the SFR− M∗parameter space in several redshift ranges and estimate the mean dust temperature (Tdust) of each SFR–M∗ − z bin. Dust temperatures are inferred using the stacked far-infrared flux densities (100–500 μm) of our SFR–M∗ − z bins. At all redshifts, the dust temperature of galaxies smoothly increases with rest-frame infrared luminosities (LIR), specific SFRs (SSFR; i.e., SFR/M∗), and distances with respect to the main sequence (MS) of the SFR− M∗ plane (i.e., Δlog (SSFR)MS = log SSFR(galaxy)/SSFRMS(M∗,z)). The Tdust − SSFR and Tdust − Δlog (SSFR)MS correlations are statistically much more significant than the Tdust − LIR one. While the slopes of these three correlations are redshift-independent, their normalisations evolve smoothly from z = 0 and z ~ 2. We convert these results into a recipe to derive Tdust from SFR, M∗ and z, valid out to z ~ 2 and for the stellar mass and SFR range covered by our stacking analysis. The existence of a strong Tdust − Δlog (SSFR)MS correlation provides us with several pieces of information on the dust and gas content of galaxies. Firstly, the slope of the Tdust − Δlog (SSFR)MS correlation can be explained by the increase in the star-formation efficiency (SFE; SFR/Mgas) with Δlog (SSFR)MS as found locally by molecular gas studies. Secondly, at fixed Δlog (SSFR)MS, the constant dust temperature observed in galaxies probing wide ranges in SFR and M∗ can be explained by an increase or decrease in the number of star-forming regions with comparable SFE enclosed in them. And thirdly, at high redshift, the normalisation towards hotter dust temperature of the Tdust − Δlog (SSFR)MS correlation can be explained by the decrease in the metallicities of galaxies or by the increase in the SFE of MS galaxies. All these results support the hypothesis that the conditions prevailing in the star-forming regions of MS and far-above-MS galaxies are different. MS galaxies have star-forming regions with low SFEs and thus cold dust, while galaxies situated far above the MS seem to be in a starbursting phase characterised by star-forming regions with high SFEs and thus hot dust.
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was utilised for the determination of moisture content of potato slices with three thicknesses (5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm) at three drying temperatures (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C) during ...convective drying in a laboratory hot air dryer. The Page, thin-layer drying model was found better to explain the drying kinetics with a fitting accuracy of R2 (0.96–0.99) and lowest reduced Chi-square (0.00024–0.00090), Root mean square errors (RMSE) (0.014–0.026), and relative percentage error (1.5%–5.1%) under the used drying conditions. Spectral data were analysed using partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis, a multivariate calibration technique, alongside Monte Carlo Uninformative Variable Elimination (MCUVE-PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS-PLS). The feasibility of both moisture content and CIELAB prediction with a reduced wavelength set from the Visible near-infrared (VNIR) region (500–1000 nm) was investigated with these three models. The PLS model (R2 = 0.93–0.98, RMSE = 0.16–0.36 and the lowest number of optimal wavelengths = 6, for all drying conditions) was found suitable to implement for the moisture visualisation procedure. Potato chromaticity was also shown to be predictable during drying using a similar number of wavelengths, with PLS models for CIELAB a* performing well (R2 = 0.91–0.65, RMSE = 0.61–1.78). PLS Models for CIELAB b* more variably (R2 = 0.91–0.62, RMSE = 2.16–4.42) due to potato colour mainly varying along this axis. The current study showed that hyperspectral imaging was a useful tool for non-destructive measurement and visualisation of the moisture content and chromaticity during the drying process.
•Hyperspectral imaging used for moisture content determination of potato slices.•Processes of calibration and image analysis significantly affect the measured data.•The Page drying model was found suitable to describe the drying process.•The PLSR was found suitable for the moisture visualisation and chromaticity.
Mass spectrometry coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–MS) is evolving more quickly than ever. A wide range of different instrument types and experimental setups are commonly used. ...Modern instruments acquire huge amounts of data, thus requiring tools for an efficient and automated data analysis. Most existing software for analyzing HPLC–MS data is monolithic and tailored toward a specific application. A more flexible alternative consists of pipeline-based tool kits allowing the construction of custom analysis workflows from small building blocks, e.g., the Trans Proteomics Pipeline (TPP) or The OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline (TOPP). One drawback, however, is the hurdle of setting up complex workflows using command line tools. We present TOPPAS, The OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline ASsistant, a graphical user interface (GUI) for rapid composition of HPLC–MS analysis workflows. Workflow construction reduces to simple drag-and-drop of analysis tools and adding connections in between. Integration of external tools into these workflows is possible as well. Once workflows have been developed, they can be deployed in other workflow management systems or batch processing systems in a fully automated fashion. The implementation is portable and has been tested under Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. TOPPAS is open-source software and available free of charge at http://www.OpenMS.de/TOPPAS.
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