•The micro/nano-structures and macro-wettability of the wire meshes were studied.•The dispersion mechanisms and characteristics of droplet were investigated.•Droplet dispersion were intensified by ...increasing hydrophobicity of wire meshes.•Mass transfer model was established based on droplet dispersion characteristics.
Droplet dispersion exists in a variety of industrial applications. Droplet impacting on the wire mesh could be dispersed into many tiny droplets and exposed larger surface area, which is better for the gas-liquid mass transfer process. In this work, the dispersion mechanisms and characteristics of droplet was investigated, as well as considering the influence of surface wettability. By increasing the surface hydrophobicity of the wire mesh, the cone angle of dispersion was enlarged maximally by 80%, the average diameter of daughter droplets decreased maximally by 70% and the liquid surface area could be eventually highly improved. Finally, based on the dispersion characteristics, the mass transfer model of droplet was established and verified by a gas-liquid absorption system. This study provides a better understanding of droplet dispersion after impacting on the wire mesh and also has major implications in the field of gas-liquid interface interaction enhancement.
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by infections followed by episodic gross hematuria. Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is associated with recurrent infection in many diseases, but ...controversy exists regarding the role of MBL in IgAN. Here, we measured
variants and MBL levels in 749 patients with IgAN and 489 healthy controls. Overall, 5.2% (39 of 749) of patients with IgAN had MBL deficiency (MBL levels <100 ng/ml), among whom LYPB/LYPB and LXPA/LYPB were the predominant
haplotypes (82%; 32 of 39). We found a nonlinear association between MBL levels and renal outcome in IgAN. Patients with IgAN and MBL deficiency had a higher incidence of prodromic infections and gross hematuria than those with sufficient MBL levels (100-3540 ng/ml). Moreover, MBL deficiency independently associated with poor renal outcome in IgAN after multiple adjustments (hazard ratio, 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 2.50 to 10.72;
<0.001). Patients with high MBL levels (>3540 ng/ml) had more severe proteinuria and a higher proportion of crescents, although the association with IgAN progression did not reach statistical significance after adjustments. In conclusion, MBL deficiency and MBL excess may both have deleterious effects on IgAN progression, which suggests that MBL contributes to IgAN pathogenesis through multiple mechanisms.
A recent genome-wide association study of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) identified 1q32, which contains multiple complement regulatory genes, including the complement factor H (CFH) gene and the complement ...factor H-related (CFHRs) genes, as an IgAN susceptibility locus. Abnormal complement activation caused by a mutation in CFHR5 was shown to cause CFHR5 nephropathy, which shares many characteristics with IgAN. To explore the genetic effect of variants in CFHR5 on IgAN susceptibility, we recruited 500 patients with IgAN and 576 healthy controls for genetic analysis. We sequenced all exons and their intronic flanking regions as well as the untranslated regions of CFHR5 and compared the frequencies of identified variants using the sequence kernel association test. We identified 32 variants in CFHR5, including 28 rare and four common variants. The distribution of rare variants in CFHR5 in patients with IgAN differed significantly from that in controls (P=0.002). Among the rare variants, in silico programs predicted nine as potential functional variants, which we then assessed in functional assays. Compared with wild-type CFHR5, three recombinant CFHR5 proteins, CFHR5-M (c.508G>A/p.Val170Met), CFHR5-S (c.533A>G/p.Asn178Ser), and CFHR5-D (c.822A>T/p.Glu274Asp), showed significantly higher C3b binding capacity (CFHR5-M: 109.67%±3.54%; P=0.02; CFHR5-S: 174.27%±9.78%; P<0.001; CFHR5-D: 127.25%±1.75%; P<0.001), whereas another recombinant CFHR5 (c.776T>A/p.Leu259Termination) showed less C3b binding (56.89%±0.57%; P<0.001). Our study found that rare variants in CFHR5 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to IgAN, which suggests that CFHR5 is an IgAN susceptibility gene.
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•Three typical flow patterns of droplet impacting on single fiber were observed.•Four contact angle models in terms of wettability was employed in the simulation.•Droplet dispersion ...was intensified by increasing surface hydrophobicity.
The impaction process of droplet on fiber (used as packing) including capture and dispersion is widely encountered in the multiphase reactors. Numerous studies have been conducted to illustrate the captured phenomena, while the phenomena and mechanism of dispersion are still unclear. In this work, the high-speed photography and computational fluid dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the dispersion phenomena of liquid droplet impacting on the single fiber with different wettabilities. Three flow patterns, named one-drop, one-film, and two-film dripping were observed from experimental results. Four contact angle models were implemented in the simulation. The gas–liquid interfacial area and energy utilization efficiency respectively increased from 1.85 to 3.38 times of initial area and from 1.97 % to 48.29 % when the contact angle increased from 45° to 155°. The results are of great significance to understand the dispersion phenomena as well as the enhanced dispersion efficiency of liquid in chemical reactors.
•Designed packing rings were accurately manufactured by three-dimensional printing.•Liquid flow in a multiliquid-inlet rotating packed bed reactor were investigated.•Liquid holdup in different ...packing rings was simulated.•A combined method for liquid flow behavior was proposed.
The multiliquid-inlet rotating packed bed (MLI-RPB) reactor has been proved to have excellent gas-liquid mass-transfer performance. However, studies of liquid flow behavior, the fundamentals to understand the mass-transfer process, in packing rings of the MLI-RPB reactor are scarce. In this work, the designed packing rings were accurately manufactured via three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The liquid flow behavior in different zones of the MLI-RPB reactor were comprehensively investigated via the high-speed photography method. Except for liquid droplet and liquid film, a new type of liquid bridge was observed in the packing rings. Quantitative analyses have been discussed, such as the average diameter of droplet out of packing rings ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 mm and the value of droplet size distribution width m ranging from 5 to 9. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of liquid flow in the MLI-RPB reactor was conducted based on the no-simplified geometry model. Liquid velocity magnitude along radial direction in the MLI-RPB reactor and the liquid holdup in different packing rings was calculated. Combining three technologies of 3D printing, high-speed photography, and CFD simulation can provide an efficient pathway for packing design and hydrodynamics research of not only the MLI-RPB reactor, but also other RPB reactors with wire mesh packing.
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•The increase of droplet’s impacting angle intensified the liquid dispersion in RPBs.•3D CFD-VOF simulation with realistic physical model of woven wire mesh was performed.•The ...relative motion mechanism was proposed to elucidate the enhancement of liquid dispersion.•Gas-liquid interfacial area was enlarged over 6 times with the variation of impacting angle from 30° to 150°.
Liquid droplet is an essential flow pattern inside the porous packing of rotating packed bed reactors. However, the mechanism of the impacting phenomenon of droplets on the rotating packing has scarcely been researched. In this work, liquid droplet impaction on the rotating single-layer stainless steel wire mesh was investigated through the high-speed photography technology and three-dimensional numerical simulation. Experimental results show that with the increase of impacting angle from 30° to 150°, the dispersion cone angle was enlarged by 43% and the average diameter of daughter droplets declined by 40%, leading to the better liquid dispersion. Via simulation, the mechanism of the enhancement of liquid dispersion was clarified by analyzing the relative motion between the droplet and wire mesh. The growth rate of gas–liquid interfacial area was calculated to have an increment as the impacting angle enlarged.
Compared with survivors, non-survivors had statistically higher levels of creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), CK, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and Troponin I. For every increase of 112 in ...serum myoglobin levels, mortality increased by 3.15% in generalized estimation equation analysis. ...we suggest that: firstly, in addition to the protection of the lungs first, the time window of therapeutic interventions about cardiac injury should be as early as possible for severe patients; secondly, inflammatory factor release should be blocked early, especially in elderly (>65 years) patients with cardiovascular diseases. ...our study provides important documentation that in this single-center, an elevated serum concentration of myoglobin (≥306.5 μg/L) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization mortality in non-survivor with NCIP, independent of elevation in CK-MB and Troponin I levels.Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript.
In this work, the gas-side mass transfer was investigated in a rotating packed bed (RPB) with structured nickel foam packings, with different surface properties, either a nonmodified nickel foam ...packing (NNP) or a hydrophobic surface-modified nickel foam packing (SNP). Effects on gas-side volumetric mass-transfer coefficient (k G a e) of rotational speed, liquid flow rate, and gas flow rate were experimentally studied in the RPB with NNP and SNP. It can be found that the RPB loaded with SNP has a higher mass-transfer efficiency, compared with that loaded with NNP. Based on the experimental data, correlation of k G a e in a RPB with structured nickel foam packing was proposed, which can hence provide a fast calculation of mass-transfer coefficients for the RPB design with structured nickel foam packing.
Core Ideas
Flavonoid luteolin can accumulate in consecutively monocultured peanut fields.
Luteolin treatment changes the rhizosphere microbial community of peanut.
Flavonoid luteolin in peanut ...residues may cause continuous cropping obstacles.
The flavonoid luteolin is a common flavone released from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) residues. Luteolin accumulates in consecutively monocultured soil and affects the growth and nodulation of continuously cropped peanut. A microcosm experiment was performed to determine the effects of luteolin released from peanut residue on peanut nodule formation and on the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Luteolin reached a maximum concentration of 0.42 μg g−1 soil in litterbag experiments, and the half‐life of luteolin at 2.5 to 40 μg g−1 soil varied from 1.13 to 2.91 d. Results from pot experiments indicate that soil with luteolin treatment inhibited peanut seedling nodulation and growth, soil dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass carbon content, biofilm formation, and chemotactic response of Rhizobium sp. and changed the microbial community structures and abundances at concentration of luteolin as low as 0.42 μg g−1 in soil. This might explain why peanut performs poorly with continuous consecutive monocropping.
Liquid dispersion by impacting on wire mesh benefits many mass transfer processes. However, most of studies focused on the dispersion behaviors of liquid impacting on a one-layer wire mesh. In this ...work, the intensification of droplet dispersion by impacting on multilayer wire mesh was investigated as well as considering the influence of surface wettability. The dispersion characteristics (cone angle of dispersion θcone and average diameter of daughter droplets d avg) were systematically analyzed. θcone enlarged by 44% and d avg decreased by 12% on average when increasing the water contact angle of the wire mesh from α-70° to α-155°. Empirical correlations for predicting θcone and d avg were proposed. The predicted values agreed well with the experimental data. The intensification of liquid dispersion by using multilayer wire mesh was applied in the inner cavity zone of a rotating packed bed (RPB), leading to a significant improvement of gas–liquid mass transfer performance.
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