Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal cognitive function and dementia among aging individuals. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of MCI and explore ...the possible risk factors including gender disparities among community-dwelling older individuals. The study was conducted in Xi'an, China. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 815 individuals, 60 years and older were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Cognitive function was measured using the mini-mental status examination (MMSE), the Chinese version of the Dementia Rating Scales (CDRS) was used to apply the diagnostic of non-dementia, and activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) systems were used to functional status. The association between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of chronic diseases and MCI were evaluated separately for men and women using the Pearson χ²-test and binary logistic regression. Of the 815 community-dwelling individuals, 145 were found to have MCI. Overall, the prevalence of MCI was 18.5%, with a prevalence of 19.6% in women (105/535), and 15.3% (40/261) in men. The results of the binary logistical regression analysis indicated that age and history of stroke were associated with MCI in men. For women, the risk factors were lower level of educational and lack of religious attendance. Results suggested that the factors capable of influencing MCI differed profoundly between older men and older women. For this reason, different preventative measures should be adopted to delay or reverse cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older men and women.
To investigate the relationship between food patterns and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Chinese elderly to provide evidence for risk prevention and control of MCI among elderly population. ...Between February 2017 to October 2018, a stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select participants from 760 communities of six districts in Xi'an, China, for 49-item food frequency questionnaire survey. A total of 2311 participants aged 60 to 88 years were included in the study with 444 (19.2%) participants of MCI among Chinese community-dwelling elderly adults. Food patterns associated with risk of dementia were assessed by using a reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis, and the multivariate linear regression was used to test trends of risk factors across scores for the food pattern. Four dietary patterns were extracted which explained 88.65% of the total variation in food intakes. Furthermore, the food pattern 1 (FP1) accounted for 60.25% of the total variation of all responsible variables and as a target dietary pattern in the study, which was related with high intake of legumes, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, nuts and a low intake of noodles and cereals (p<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that participants with a high score for FP1 had higher direction, memory and language function and FP1 can improve the ability of cognitive function (p<0.05). The FP1 of Chinese dietary patterns was significantly correlated with higher cognitive function which can reduce the risk of MCI among Chinese elderly.
Aim
Our study aimed to investigate the effect of social responsibility on the subjective well-being of volunteers for COVID-19 and to examine the mediating role of job involvement in this ...relationship.
Background
Nowadays, more and more people join volunteer service activities. As we all know, volunteer work contributes to society without any return. Volunteers often have a strong sense of social responsibility and reap subjective well-being in their dedication. Although research shows that social responsibility will drive them to participate in volunteer work actively, it is less clear whether job involvement will impact their subjective well-being.
Methods
The data were collected in the precaution zone in Shanghai, China, from April to May 2022. A sample of 302 volunteers for COVID-19 completed the social responsibility scale, subjective well-being scale and job involvement scale in the form of an electronic questionnaire on their mobile phones. A structural equation model was adopted to verify the research hypotheses.
Results
Social responsibility was significantly and positively related to volunteers’ subjective well-being and job involvement (
p
< 0.05). Job involvement fully mediates the relationship between volunteers’ social responsibility and subjective well-being.
Conclusion
Social responsibility is critical to predicting volunteers’ subjective well-being. Job involvement plays an intervening mechanism in explaining how social responsibility promotes volunteers’ subjective well-being.
Survivors of sepsis may encounter cognitive impairment following their recovery from critical condition. At present, there is no standardized treatment for addressing sepsis-associated ...encephalopathy.
GG (LGG) is a prevalent bacterium found in the gut microbiota and is an active component of probiotic supplements. LGG has demonstrated to be associated with cognitive improvement. This study explored whether LGG administration prior to and following induced sepsis could ameliorate cognitive deficits, and explored potential mechanisms.
Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and CLP+LGG. Cognitive behavior was assessed longitudinally at 7-9d, 14-16d, and 21-23d after surgery using an open field test and novel object recognition test. The impact of LGG treatment on pathological changes, the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the phosphorylation level of the TrkB receptor (p-TrkB) in the hippocampus of mice at two weeks post-CLP (16d) were evaluated using histological, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analyses.
The CLP surgery induced and sustained cognitive impairment in mice with sepsis for a minimum of three weeks following the surgery. Compared to mice subjected to CLP alone, the administration of LGG improved the survival of mice with sepsis and notably enhanced their cognitive functioning. Moreover, LGG supplementation significantly alleviated the decrease in hippocampal BDNF expression and p-TrkB phosphorylation levels caused by sepsis, preserving neuronal survival and mitigating the pathological changes within the hippocampus of mice with sepsis. LGG supplementation mitigates sepsis-related cognitive impairment in mice and preserves BDNF expression and p-TrkB levels in the hippocampus.
Background and Purpose:
Patients' self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with distress, which has a potentially negative influence on disease rehabilitation and quality of life. Stroke represents ...a significant health and social burden. The aim of the study was to assess, compare, and identify predictors of SPB in stroke survivors during the first 3 months post-stroke.
Methods:
A prospective longitudinal study was used. Consecutive stroke inpatients were recruited from the neurology department of three general hospitals in Xi'an, China. Patients were surveyed using the Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) on the fourth day of admission (Acute phase, Time 1, T1) and 1 month (Time 2, T2) and 3 months (Time 3, T3) post-stroke.
Results:
Considerable burden was experienced by 84.15–91.50% of patients in the first 3 months post-stroke. The mean score of physical burden was the highest. Over time, physical, emotional, and economic burden all declined. The following characteristics had significant association with increased patient SPB at T1, T2, and T3: age, self-evaluated economic pressure, comorbidity, and functional status (
P
< 0.01). Patients' knowledge about stroke was only significantly associated with SPB at T3 (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusions:
Patients experienced a high degree of SPB in the early stage after stroke. Addressing the characteristics and predicting factors as well as the development of a targeted intervention for SPB may improve survival and post-stroke disability.
•Vitamin K2 increases the proportion of slow-twitch fibers and oxidative fibers in high-fat diet-fed mice.•Vitamin K2 decreases plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and mitochondrial dysfunction ...in high-fat diet-fed mice.•Vitamin K2 treatment prevents palmitate-induced slow-twitch fibers decrease partially via SIRT1 pathway thereby improving obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Skeletal muscle accounts for 80% of whole body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and it plays a key role in preventing and curing obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Vitamin K2 (VK2) plays a beneficial role in improving mitochondrial function through SIRT1 signaling in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice and palmitate acid (PA)-treated C2C12 cells. A previous study also found VK2 increases oxidative muscle fibers and decreases glycolytic muscle fibers in obesity-induced mice, however, the underlying molecular mechanism of effect of VK2 on increasing oxidative fibers have not been well established.
C57BL/6 male mice were induced IR using HFD fed. Animals received HFD for eight weeks, and different doses of VK2 were supplemented by oral gavage for the last eight weeks were randomly and equally divided into seven groups. C2C12 cells were exposed to different doses of PA for 16 h to mimic insulin resistance in vivo. Skeletal muscle types and mitochondrial function evaluated. C2C12 cells were transfected with SIRT1 siRNA.
The present study first revealed that VK2 intervention also alleviated plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels that contribute to obesity-induced IR, VK2 administration also could effectively increase the proportion of slow-twitch fibers by improving mitochondrial function via SIRT1 signaling pathway in both HFD-fed mice and PA-exposed cells. However, the benefits of VK2 were abrogated in C2C12 transfected with SIRT1 siRNA in PA-treated C2C12 cells. Thus, SIRT1 is partially required for VK2 improvement the proportion of slow-twitch fiber in PA-treated C2C12 cells.
Naturally occurring VK2 increases slow-twitch fibers by improving mitochondrial function and decreasing non-esterified fatty acid levels via partially SIRT1/SIRT3 signaling pathway. These data have potential importance for the therapy for a number of muscular and neuromuscular diseases in humans.
•Routine care is of limited effectiveness on knowledge and resilience improving.•Patient empowerment emphasizes stimulating patients’ motivation and confidence.•Empowering patients with coronary ...heart disease greatly enhances their knowledge.•Empowerment-based intervention significantly improves the level of resilience.
To examine the effects of an empowerment-based intervention on health-related knowledge and resilience among patients after coronary artery stent implantation.
This was a randomized controlled trial with a 4-week-long intervention. Participants were randomly allocated to an empowerment-based intervention group (n = 42) or control group (n = 43). Knowledge on CHD and resilience were evaluated and compared between groups.
Compared with the control group, patients in the intervention group showed higher score changes for CHD total knowledge (U = 196.500; P ＜ 0.001) and its 5 dimensions including CHD definition (U = 657.500; P = 0.022), manifestation (U = 245.000; P ＜ 0.001), examination (U = 639.000; P = 0.015), treatment (U = 475.000; P ＜ 0.001), and medication (U = 465.000; P ＜ 0.001), and higher level of resilience (t = 3.235; P = 0.002).
The empowerment-based intervention was effective in enhancing the knowledge on CHD and improving resilience for patients with coronary artery stent implantation.
The structured empowerment-based intervention provides a basis for facilitating the use of this intervention in patients with coronary heart disease.
BACKGROUND Primary caregivers for patients with scoliosis suffer from considerable distress and burden. However, a few studies have examined the factors related to burden of caregivers of patients ...with adolescent scoliosis, particularly in China. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify patient and caregiver characteristics associated with caregiver burden. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample comprising 87 pairs of patients with adolescent scoliosis and their primary caregivers from July 2014 to October 2016 in Xi'an, China. Patients and their primary caregivers were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The caregiver burden, social support, and self-efficacy were assessed using the Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). A multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with caregiver burden. RESULTS Most primary caregivers observed in this study were female (65.5%), with mothers of the patients accounting for 58.6% of all the caregivers. The ZBI score of primary caregivers was 36.83±13.30, and most caregivers (88.5%) had moderate or severe burden. The factors associated with caregiver burden were Cobb angle of patients, SSRS scores, GSE scores, and monthly household income per capita of the caregiver (R²=0.556; P<0.001). The identified significant factors explained nearly 56% of the variance in the caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that most primary caregivers for patients with scoliosis had a considerable caregiver burden, and intervention of social support and self-efficacy might be helpful in reducing caregiver burden.
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