This study describes a methodology that allows evaluating the behavior of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate impacted by a vertical weight drop, analyzing the damage that occurred ...inside. The purpose of the designers was, by means of characterization tests of the curing processes, evaluation of the cohesion of a particular laminate, application of vertical tests by weight drops and with the use of the readings of an accelerometer in a single direction, know the trend of how intralaminar breaks in the matrix and interlaminar breaks between layers occur. It is proposed to establish the behavior of the laminate before the tests by analyzing curing times, for after the tests by observations with penetrating fluorescent inks. This allows researchers to know the response of the laminate to the loads imposed on the applied structure. For the tests, prepreg material cured outside the autoclave in an oven was used and qualitative quantification of the damage by observing sections of the tested material infiltrated with penetrating fluorescent ink exposed to ultraviolet light.
Context.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter (SO) spacecraft observed small extreme ultraviolet (EUV) bursts, termed campfires, that have been proposed to be brightenings ...near the apexes of low-lying loops in the quiet-Sun atmosphere. The underlying magnetic processes driving these campfires are not understood.
Aims.
During the cruise phase of SO and at a distance of 0.523 AU from the Sun, the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on Solar Orbiter (SO/PHI) observed a quiet-Sun region jointly with SO/EUI, offering the possibility to investigate the surface magnetic field dynamics underlying campfires at a spatial resolution of about 380 km.
Methods.
We used co-spatial and co-temporal data of the quiet-Sun network at disc centre acquired with the High Resolution Imager of SO/EUI at 17.4 nm (HRI
EUV
, cadence 2 s) and the High Resolution Telescope of SO/PHI at 617.3 nm (HRT, cadence 2.5 min). Campfires that are within the SO/PHI−SO/EUI common field of view were isolated and categorised according to the underlying magnetic activity.
Results.
In 71% of the 38 isolated events, campfires are confined between bipolar magnetic features, which seem to exhibit signatures of magnetic flux cancellation. The flux cancellation occurs either between the two main footpoints, or between one of the footpoints of the loop housing the campfire and a nearby opposite polarity patch. In one particularly clear-cut case, we detected the emergence of a small-scale magnetic loop in the internetwork followed soon afterwards by a campfire brightening adjacent to the location of the linear polarisation signal in the photosphere, that is to say near where the apex of the emerging loop lays. The rest of the events were observed over small scattered magnetic features, which could not be identified as magnetic footpoints of the campfire hosting loops.
Conclusions.
The majority of campfires could be driven by magnetic reconnection triggered at the footpoints, similar to the physical processes occurring in the burst-like EUV events discussed in the literature. About a quarter of all analysed campfires, however, are not associated to such magnetic activity in the photosphere, which implies that other heating mechanisms are energising these small-scale EUV brightenings.
Micromechanical properties of a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) composite have been assessed by statistical analysis of data gathered from experimental massive nanoindentation. The ...mechanical study was complemented with electron probe X-Ray microanalysis, aiming to correlate relative B/N ratio and local hardness for individual cBN particles. Best-fit of experimental and deconvoluted data is achieved by considering five mechanically different phases, defined on the basis of chemical nature, TiN/cBN interface presence, ratio between residual imprint dimension and microstructural length scale as well as phase stoichiometry. In-depth local micromechanical and chemical analysis permitted to propose and validate, for the first time, the existence of a correlation between intrinsic hardness and phase stoichiometry for cBN phase. Finally, based on experimental data measured by nanoindentation and analyzed in terms of plastic index, toughness for the PcBN composite studied is estimated to range between 4 and 6 MPa·√m.
MADS-domain transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous developmental processes in
While their involvement in flowering transition and floral development has been extensively examined, their ...functions in root development remain relatively unexplored. Here, we explored the function and genetic interaction of three MADS-box genes (
,
and
) in primary root development. By analyzing loss-of-function and overexpression lines, we found that
and
, both critical components in flowering transition, redundantly act as repressors of primary root growth as the loss of function of either
or
partially recovers the primary root growth, meristem cell number, cell production rate, and the length of fully elongated cells of the short-root mutant
. Furthermore, we observed that the simultaneous overexpression of
and
leads to short-root phenotypes, affecting meristem cell number and fully elongated cell size, whereas
overexpression is sufficient to affect columella stem cell differentiation. Additionally, qPCR analyses revealed that these genes exhibit distinct modes of transcriptional regulation in roots compared to what has been previously reported for aerial tissues. We identified 100 differentially expressed genes in
roots by RNA-seq. Moreover, our findings revealed that the expression of certain genes involved in cell differentiation, as well as stress responses, which are either upregulated or downregulated in the
mutant, reverted to WT levels in the absence of
or
.
Asthma and rhinitis often co-exist in the same patient. Although some authors observed a higher prevalence and/or greater severity of asthma in patients with rhinitis, this view is not homogeneous ...and the debate continues. The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence of rhinitis in children and adolescents and to analyse their relationship with the prevalence of asthma. A multicentre study was conducted using the methodology of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The target population of the study was all those school children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years from 6 of the main health catchment areas of Galicia (1.9 million inhabitants). The schools required were randomly selected, and all children in the targeted age ranges were included. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) between asthma symptoms of the schoolchildren and rhinitis prevalence. The results were adjusted for parental smoking habits, maternal education level, cat and dog exposure, and obesity. A total of 21,420 valid questionnaires were finally obtained. Rhinitis was associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of asthma in both age groups. The highest OR were 11.375 for exercise induced asthma (EIA) for children with recent rhinoconjunctivitis and 9.807 for children with recent rhinitis in 6-7 years old group. The prevalence OR's are higher in EIA and severe asthmatics. Rhinitis in children and adolescents is associated with a higher prevalence and severity of asthma.
In this paper we present the results of the photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste water. Two microbial groups, total coliforms and
Streptoccocus faecalis, have been used as indexes to test ...disinfection efficiencies. Different experimental parameters have been checked, such as the effect of TiO
2, solar or UV-lamp light and pH. Disinfection of water samples has been achieved employing both UV-lamp and solar light in agreement with data shown by other authors. The higher disinfection rates obtained employing an UV-lamp may be explained by the stronger incident light intensity. Nevertheless no consistent differences have been found between TiO
2-photocatalysis and direct solar or UV-lamp light irradiation at natural sample pH (7.8). At pH 5 the presence of TiO
2 increases the relative inactivation rate compared with the absence of the catalyst. After the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, the later bacterial reappearance was checked for total coliforms at natural pH and pH 5, with and without TiO
2. Two h after the photocatalytic treatment, CFU increment was almost nill. But 24 and 48 h later an important bacterial CFU increment was observed. This CFU increment is slower after irradiation with TiO
2 at pH 5 in non-air-purged samples.
ABSTRACT
Methadone is an opiate drug that has been identified as an in‐vitro substrate of the efflux pump P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), active in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood–brain barrier ...(BBB), among other sites. The objective of this study was to test in vivo, in the rat model, the role of P‐gp modulation on the analgesic effect and brain uptake of methadone, as well as identify the most relevant site via dual oral and intravenous (i.v.) experiments. The P‐gp specific inhibitor (valspodar or PSC833) was preadministered (10 mg kg−1 i.v.) to test groups. Analgesia was measured using the tailflick test. The ED50 for oral methadone (2, 3, 6 and 8 mg kg−1) decreased three‐fold in valspodar groups compared with controls (2.23 + 0.002 mg kg−1 and 6.07 + 0.07 mg kg−1; P < 0.0001). The overall analgesic effect (% antinociception) was elevated 3.1 times in pretreated compared with control rats (90.65% + 0.22 vs 29.23% + 14.0; P < 0.01) after 6 mg kg−1 oral methadone and 2.8 times after i.v. (0.35 mg kg−1) administration (91.75% + 4.27 vs 32.45% + 9.0; P < 0.01). The brain:plasma distribution ratio was higher in pretreated animals and AUCbrain (overall brain concentration) was 6 times higher after oral methadone and 4 times higher after i.v. compared with controls, disproportionally increased relative to plasma, implying an active process at the BBB. P‐gp, and hence substrate comedication, plays a critical role in the evolution of the methadone analgesic effect and in its brain uptake, independent of the administration route.
Peritoneal metastasis in patients with locally advanced colon cancer (T4 stage) is estimated to recur at a rate of approximately 25% at 3 years from surgical resection and is associated with poor ...prognosis. There is controversy regarding the clinical benefit of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in these patients.
To assess the efficacy and safety of intraoperative HIPEC in patients with locally advanced colon cancer.
This open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial was conducted in 17 Spanish centers from November 15, 2015, to March 9, 2021. Enrolled patients were aged 18 to 75 years with locally advanced primary colon cancer diagnosed preoperatively (cT4N02M0).
Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive cytoreduction plus HIPEC with mitomycin C (30 mg/m2 over 60 minutes; investigational group) or cytoreduction alone (comparator group), both followed by systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Randomization of the intention-to-treat population was done via a web-based system, with stratification by treatment center and sex.
The primary outcome was 3-year locoregional control (LC) rate, defined as the proportion of patients without peritoneal disease recurrence analyzed by intention to treat. Secondary end points were disease-free survival, overall survival, morbidity, and rate of toxic effects.
A total of 184 patients were recruited and randomized (investigational group, n = 89; comparator group, n = 95). The mean (SD) age was 61.5 (9.2) years, and 111 (60.3%) were male. Median duration of follow-up was 36 months (IQR, 27-36 months). Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. The 3-year LC rate was higher in the investigational group (97.6%) than in the comparator group (87.6%) (log-rank P = .03; hazard ratio HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.95). No differences were observed in disease-free survival (investigational, 81.2%; comparator, 78.0%; log-rank P = .22; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.41-1.22) or overall survival (investigational, 91.7%; comparator, 92.9%; log-rank P = .68; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.26-2.37). The definitive subgroup with pT4 disease showed a pronounced benefit in 3-year LC rate after investigational treatment (investigational: 98.3%; comparator: 82.1%; log-rank P = .003; HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.70). No differences in morbidity or toxic effects between groups were observed.
In this randomized clinical trial, the addition of HIPEC to complete surgical resection for locally advanced colon cancer improved the 3-year LC rate compared with surgery alone. This approach should be considered for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02614534.
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