To develop a nomogram incorporating indicator of muscle waste to prognosticate long-term mortality in liver cirrhosis (LC), and identify the prognostic impact of psoas muscle index (PMI).
A total of ...251 LC patients who underwent computed tomography were included in this study. Multiple Cox regression was performed, and sex-specific nomogram models incorporating PMI were developed. The utility of the proposed models were evaluated by Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and decision curve analysis. X-tile was used to determine optimal cutpoint for stratifying subjects with distinct outcomes. Subgroup analysis was implemented in terms of age and MELD score. The correlation between PMI and gait speed was also evaluated.
On multiple analysis, independent predictors for 3-year all-cause mortality were age, BMI, PMI and MELD for males, and age, PMI and MELD for females. Both nomogram models gave rise to moderately strong discrimination, with a C-index of 0.792 (95% CI: 0.723-0.861) in males and 0.715 (95% CI: 0.637-0.793) in females, respectively. The calibration curve implied predicted survival corresponding optimally with the actual outcomes. The proposed models were feasible in clinical settings based on decision curve analysis. On subgroup analysis, PMI might confer valid predictive value on LC patients with MELD <15. Moreover, a definitely positive correlation between PMI and gait speed was revealed.
Our proposed nomogram embedding PMI rendered an individualized predictive tool for long-term mortality in LC. The diminishing value of PMI is likely indicative of muscle dysfunction.
In recent years, it has become more and more popular to recommend friends on the location-based social network (LBSN), which is combined with the user's behavior in the real world. LBSN has three ...attributes including temporal, spatial and social correlation. However, the combination situation of the three cannot be solved in previous algorithms. For instance, the problem of recommending friends with similar location preference in real world cannot be solved by the method based on the social network topology or non-topological information (such as user profile). A new approach that recommends friends with similar location preference for LBSN's users is proposed, in which both the online friendship information and the offline user behavior are considered. The theories and methods including Markov chain, cosine similarity based on location clustering and threshold evaluation are used in the proposed approach. Finally, rationality and effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by using a real dataset which is from a LBSN (Gowalla).
The mesoporous zirconate powders were synthesized by solvent evaporation using P123 as templates. The phase composition, pore size distribution and thermo-physical properties were tested and analysed ...in this study. The test results show that the samples have mesoporous structure after removing template by heat treatment. Mesoporous pore size are mainly distributed in the range of 5-50nm, and the pore volume less than 50nm accounts for about 24% of the total. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of mesoporous (La0.8Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 are lower than common alumina and zirconia materials, and the lowest thermal conductivity is only 0.218W/(m*K).
Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) is a very promising functional material but the lower strength of foamed carbon greatly limits its application range. In order to increase the strength of the ...reticulated vitreous carbon, we used to add graphene during the preparation process because of its high strength. The foams were manufactured by multiple replication of a polyurethane foam template structure using ethanolic solutions of phenolic resin and graphene. Then the foams of preparation were carbonized in an inert atmosphere 700°C-1000°C by polyurethane foam impregnated with phenolic resin precursor. The proper addition of graphene was sought by testing the mechanical properties of the reticulated vitreous carbon and observing its microstructure. The results show that the addition of graphene could improve the mechanical properties of reticulated vitreous carbon.
Gezähmtes Reagens: Mit wasserfreiem Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid (TBAFanh) gelingen nucleophile aromatische Substitutionen, einschließlich Varianten des selektiven Halogenaustauschs und von ...Fluordenitrierungen (siehe Schema), unter überraschend milden Bedingungen, sofern relativ unpolare Lösungsmittel verwendet werden.
How to balance the diversity and convergence plays an important role on the performance of a multiobjective evolutionary optimizer. Due to the loss of selection pressure and the exponential expansion ...in the high-dimensional objective space, it is even more difficult for an optimizer to balance between convergence and diversity for a many-objective optimization problem. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a cache mechanism to improve the convergence and a coverage-based method for maintaining better diversity. Based on these two mechanisms, a many-objective evolutionary algorithm is further proposed. The experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Clade 2.3.4.4 avian H5Ny viruses, namely H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have exhibited unprecedented intercontinental spread in poultry. Among them, only H5N6 viruses are frequently reported to infect mammals ...and cause serious human infections. In this study, the genetic and biological characteristics of surface hemagglutinin (HA) from clade 2.3.4.4 H5Ny avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were examined for adaptation in mammalian infection. Phylogenetic analysis identified an amino acid (AA) deletion at position 131 of HA as a distinctive feature of H5N6 virus isolated from human patients. This single AA deletion was found to enhance H5N6 virus replication and pathogenicity in vitro and in mammalian hosts (mice and ferrets) through HA protein acid and thermal stabilization that resulted in reduced pH threshold from pH 5.7 to 5.5 for viral-endosomal membrane fusion. Mass spectrometry and crystal structure revealed that the AA deletion in HA at position 131 introduced an N-linked glycosylation site at 129, which increases compactness between HA monomers, thus stabilizes the trimeric structure. Our findings provide a molecular understanding of how HA protein stabilization promotes cross-species avian H5N6 virus infection to mammalian hosts.
Today's society is more and more tends to the development of information technology and the popularity of mobile phones also makes personal information security issues concerned. The security ...transmission of mobile phone text messaging is particularly important. This article mainly designs a hardware encryption system based on GSM FPGA module and uses RSA public key encryption algorithm and implements the design of SMS encryption system. Currently RSA public encryption algorithm has become the most important password, which making up the RSA encryption algorithm slowly and exerting vital advantage of the large space of RSA algorithm key because of the speediness of hardware encryption, excellent reliability and good stability. Experiments show that FPGA-based RSA encryption system of this article proposing can guarantee the secure transmission of information and enhance the security of SMS transmission.
To retrospectively assess the feasibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of stage IA endometrial carcinoma and to investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient ...(ADC) values of stage IA endometrial carcinoma differ from those of normal endometrium and benign diseases of the endometrium.
Study population included 28 women with surgically proven stage IA endometrial carcinoma, 30 women with stage IA cervical cancer with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium, and 19 women with proven benign diseases of the endometrium with dilation and curettage. All patients underwent conventional nonenhanced MR and axial oblique DW imaging procedures with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 by using a 3-T MR scanner. Qualitative analysis of the signal intensity on DW imaging was performed for each patient. The ADC values of stage IA endometrial carcinoma were compared with those of normal endometrium and benign diseases of the endometrium, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used with a P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
All endometrial carcinomas and normal endometria exhibited a high signal intensity on DW images, whereas endometrial hyperplasia and polyp showed a low or intermediate signal intensity compared with normal outer myometrium. The mean (SD) ADC of stage IA endometrial carcinoma was 0.878 (0.185) x 10(-3) mm2/s, which was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of normal endometrium (1.446 0.246 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and that of benign endometrial lesions (1.637 0.178 x 10(-3) mm2/s) without any overlap.
The measurements of the ADC values have the potential to quantitatively differentiate stage IA endometrial carcinoma from normal endometrium and benign diseases of the endometrium. We propose adding DW imaging as an adjunct sequence in the routine MR protocol for the assessment of uterine lesions.
High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting extensive research interests in designing advanced nanomaterials, while their precise control is still in the infancy stage. Herein, we have reported a ...well‐defined PtBiPbNiCo hexagonal nanoplates (HEA HPs) as high‐performance electrocatalysts. Structure analysis decodes that the HEA HP is constructed with PtBiPb medium‐entropy core and PtBiNiCo high‐entropy shell. Significantly, the HEA HPs can reach the specific and mass activities of 27.2 mA cm−2 and 7.1 A mgPt−1 for formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), being the record catalyst ever achieved in Pt‐based catalysts, and can realize the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) power density (321.2 mW cm−2) in fuel cell. Further experimental and theoretical analyses collectively evidence that the hexagonal intermetallic core/atomic layer shell structure and multi‐element synergy greatly promote the direct dehydrogenation pathway of formic acid molecule and suppress the formation of CO*.
High‐entropy alloy hexagonal nanoplates (HEA HP) with PtBiPb medium‐entropy core and PtBiNiCo high‐entropy shell has been successfully achieved. The HEA HP not only displays the record formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) performance, but also readily achieves much higher peak power density (321.2 mW cm−2) along with the long‐term lifetime under the operating fuel cell conditions.
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