Studies have shown that addition of bevacizumab to corticosteroids improves outcome against radiation-induced brain necrosis (RN). Here, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ...bevacizumab monotherapy on RN in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.
In this multicenter open-label study, patients with RN were randomly assigned (1:1) into a bevacizumab group (5 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, for 4 cycles) or a corticosteroid group (methylprednisolone 500 mg/day intravenously for 3 consecutive days and then gradually tapered, followed by 10 mg/day oral prednisone, for 2 months in total). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed pre- and post-treatment to define the radiographic response. The primary outcome was a 2-month response rate as determined by MRI and clinical symptoms. All of the patients were followed up with for 6 months. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01621880).
Of 121 patients screened, 112 patients met the entry criteria. Thirty-eight (65.5%) patients in the bevacizumab group showed response, which was significantly higher than that in the corticosteroid group (65.5% vs 31.5%, P < .001). The mean percentage decrease in RN volume seen on T1 post-gadolinium and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI was 25.5% and 51.8%, respectively, in the bevacizumab group, versus 5.0% and 19.3%, respectively, in the corticosteroid group. Moreover, 36 patients (62.1%) on bevacizumab and 23 patients (42.6%) on corticosteroids demonstrated clinical improvement (P = .039). During the 6-month follow up, fourteen patients on bevacizumab and 13 patients on corticosteroids showed RN recurrence. The most frequent adverse event in the bevacizumab group was hypertension (20.6%).
Our study indicate that compared with corticosteroids, bevacizumab offers improved symptomatic relief and radiographic response.
It is well known that transition metal oxides (TMOs) have attracted extensive attention as promising anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their low cost and high ...theoretical capacities. However, the huge volume changes upon lithiation/delithiation cycling gradually cause drastic particle pulverization in the electrodes, thus leading to fast capacity fading and limiting their practical applications. High-entropy oxides with enhanced electronic conductivity and multiple electrochemically active elements display stepwise lithium storage behaviors, thus efficiently alleviating the volume change induced electrode pulverization problem. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new kind of spinel (Mg0.2Ti0.2Zn0.2Cu0.2Fe0.2)3O4 material via a facile one-step solid state reaction method and subsequent high-energy ball-milling. When used as anodes for LIBs, the submicrometer-sized (Mg0.2Ti0.2Zn0.2Cu0.2Fe0.2)3O4 particles exhibit superior lithium storage properties, delivering a large reversible capacity of 504 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 300 cycles, and notably an exceptional rate capacity of 272 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. Our work highlights that rational design of high-entropy oxides with different electrochemically active elements and novel structures might be a useful strategy for exploring high-performance LIB anode materials in next-generation energy storage devices.
A highly reversible aqueous rechargeable battery system is assembled by using a Zn anode, a room-temperature synthesized MnO2-birnessite cathode and a mild ZnSO4-based aqueous electrolyte with MnSO4 ...as an additive. Structural analysis reveal that MnO2-birnessite undergoes a structural transformation to poorly crystalline MnO2. It offers an operating voltage of 1.39 V, an energy density of 364 Wh kg−1 (cathode only) at 200 mA g−1 and shows a capacity retention of 100% over 400 cycles at 500 mA g−1. This low-cost battery system is a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage.
Low-cost birnessite with high energy density shows a capacity retention of ∼100% over 400 cycles. Display omitted
Abstract
Nowadays, the pace of life is accelerating, and people are paying great attention to the efficiency and quality of travel. This article uses some unreasonable phenomena in the station taxi ...transfer area to study the relevant knowledge of queuing theory to establish the taxi transfer efficiency of the city’s external transportation hub Optimize the model, take transfer waiting time and operating cost as evaluation indicators, and verify with examples. The results show that the optimization model is feasible, and the queuing time and the total cost per unit time under the optimization scheme are significantly reduced, which improves the efficiency of passengers changing taxis. Finally, it evaluates the optimization results proposed above.
Due to the significant reduction in computational cost and storage, hashing techniques have gained increasing interests in facilitating large-scale cross-view retrieval tasks. Most cross-view hashing ...methods are developed by assuming that data from different views are well paired, e.g., text-image pairs. In real-world applications, however, this fully-paired multiview setting may not be practical. The more practical yet challenging semi-paired cross-view retrieval problem, where pairwise correspondences are only partially provided, has less been studied. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised hashing method for semi-paired cross-view retrieval, dubbed semi-paired discrete hashing (SPDH). In specific, SPDH explores the underlying structure of the constructed common latent subspace, where both paired and unpaired samples are well aligned. To effectively preserve the similarities of semi-paired data in the latent subspace, we construct the cross-view similarity graph with the help of anchor data pairs. SPDH jointly learns the latent features and hash codes with a factorization-based coding scheme. For the formulated objective function, we devise an efficient alternating optimization algorithm, where the key binary code learning problem is solved in a bit-by-bit manner with each bit generated with a closed-form solution. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on four benchmark datasets with both fully-paired and semi-paired settings and the results demonstrate the superiority of SPDH over several other state-of-the-art methods in term of both accuracy and scalability.
Multilabel Prediction via Cross-View Search Shen, Xiaobo; Liu, Weiwei; Tsang, Ivor W. ...
IEEE transaction on neural networks and learning systems,
09/2018, Volume:
29, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Embedding methods have shown promising performance in multilabel prediction, as they are able to discover the label dependence. However, most methods ignore the correlations between the input and ...output, such that their learned embeddings are not well aligned, which leads to degradation in prediction performance. This paper presents a formulation for multilabel learning, from the perspective of cross-view learning, that explores the correlations between the input and the output. The proposed method, called Co-Embedding (CoE), jointly learns a semantic common subspace and view-specific mappings within one framework. The semantic similarity structure among the embeddings is further preserved, ensuring that close embeddings share similar labels. Additionally, CoE conducts multilabel prediction through the cross-view k nearest neighborhood (k NN) search among the learned embeddings, which significantly reduces computational costs compared with conventional decoding schemes. A hashing-based model, i.e., Co-Hashing (CoH), is further proposed. CoH is based on CoE, and imposes the binary constraint on continuous latent embeddings. CoH aims to generate compact binary representations to improve the prediction efficiency by benefiting from the efficient k NN search of multiple labels in the Hamming space. Extensive experiments on various real-world data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods over the state of the arts in terms of both prediction accuracy and efficiency.
Ultrafine crystalline materials have been extensively investigated as high-rate lithium-storage materials due to their shortened charge-transport length and high surface area. The pseudocapacitive ...effect plays a considerable role in electrochemical lithium storage when the electrochemically active materials approach nanoscale dimensions, but this has received limited attention. Herein, a series of (Mg
0.2
Co
0.2
Ni
0.2
Cu
0.2
Zn
0.2
)O electrodes with different particle sizes were prepared and tested. The ultrafine (Mg
0.2
Co
0.2
Ni
0.2
Cu
0.2
Zn
0.2
)O nanofilm (3-5 nm) anodes show a remarkable rate capability, delivering high specific charge and discharge capacities of 829, 698, 602, 498 and 408 mA h g
−1
at 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mA g
−1
, respectively, and a dominant pseudocapacitive contribution as high as 90.2% toward lithium storage was revealed by electrochemical analysis at a high scanning rate of 1.0 mV s
−1
. This work offers an approach to tune the lithium-storage properties of (Mg
0.2
Co
0.2
Ni
0.2
Cu
0.2
Zn
0.2
)O by size control and gives insights into the enhancement of pseudocapacitance-assisted lithium-storage capacity.
A series of (Mg
0.2
Co
0.2
Ni
0.2
Cu
0.2
Zn
0.2
)O electrodes with different particle sizes were prepared and tested, which presented excellent lithium-storage performance.
In this study, five different aryl polyesters, i.e., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), poly(octamethylene terephthalate) (POT), poly(nonamethylene ...terephthalate) (PNT), and poly(decamethylene terephthalate) (PDT), upon crystallization at a suitable temperature range, all exhibit ring-banded spherulites with universal characteristics. Previous research has revealed some fundamental mechanisms underlying the formation of periodic hierarchical structures. Additionally, this study further explored correlations among micro/nanocrystal assemblies in the top surface and internal grating architectures and the structural iridescent properties. The interior lamellar assembly of arylate polyesters’ banded spherulites is shown to exhibit periodic birefringence patterns that are highly reminiscent of those found in a variety of biological structures, with the capacity for iridescence from light interference. A laser diffraction analysis was also used to support confirmation of this condition, which could result in an arc diffraction pattern indicative of the presence of ringed spherulites. Among the five arylate polyesters, only PET is incapable of regularly producing ring-banded morphology, and thus cannot produce any iridescent color.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates the expression of several cytoprotective genes. More recently, genetic analyses ...of human tumors have indicated that Nrf2 may cause resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we found that the expression levels of Nrf2 and its target genes GCLC, HO-1, NQO1 were significantly higher in cisplatin-resistant A549 (A549/CDDP) cells than those in A549 cells, and this resistance was partially reversed by Nrf2 siRNA. 3',4',5',5,7-Pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), a natural flavonoid extracted from Rutaceae plants, sensitized A549/CDDP to CDDP and substantially induced apoptosis compared with that of CDDP alone treated group, and this reversal effect decreased when Nrf2 was downregulated by siRNA. Mechanistically, PMF reduced Nrf2 expression leading to a reduction of Nrf2 downstream genes, and in contrast, this effect was decreased by blocking Nrf2 with siRNA. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PMF could be used as an effective adjuvant sensitizer to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by downregulating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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