Lanthanide supramolecular chemistry is a fast growing and intriguing research field due to the unique photophysical, magnetic, and coordination properties of lanthanide ions (LnIII). Compared with ...the intensively investigated mononuclear Ln-complexes, polymetallic lanthanide supramolecular assemblies offer more structural superiority and functional advantages. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in polynuclear lanthanide supramolecules, varying from structural evolution to luminescent and magnetic functional materials. This review summarizes the design principles in ligand-induced coordination-driven self-assembly of polynuclear Ln-structures and intends to offer guidance for the construction of more elegant Ln-based architectures and optimization of their functional performances. Design principles concerning the water solubility and chirality of the lanthanide-organic assemblies that are vital in extending their applications are emphasized. The strategies for improving the luminescent properties and the applications in up-conversion, host–guest chemistry, luminescent sensing, and catalysis have been summarized. Magnetic materials based on supramolecular assembled lanthanide architectures are given in an individual section and are classified based on their structural features. Challenges remaining and perspective directions in this field are also briefly discussed.
In this article, we focus on developing a novel method to extract sea ice cover (i.e., discrimination/classification of sea ice and open water) using Sentinel-1 (S1) cross-polarization ...vertical-horizontal (VH) or horizontal-vertical (HV) data in extra-wide (EW) swath mode based on the support vector machine (SVM) method. The classification basis includes the S1 radar backscatter and texture features, which are calculated from S1 data using the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Different from previous methods where appropriate samples are manually selected to train the SVM to classify sea ice and open water, we proposed a method of unsupervised generation of the training samples based on two GLCM texture features, i.e., entropy and homogeneity, that have contrasting characteristics on sea ice and open water. We eliminate the most uncertainty of selecting training samples in machine learning and achieve automatic classification of sea ice and open water by using S1 EW data. The comparisons based on a few cases show good agreements between the synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-derived sea ice cover using the proposed method and visual inspections, of which the accuracy reaches approximately 90%-95%. Besides this, compared with the analyzed sea ice cover data Ice Mapping System (IMS) based on 728 S1 EW images, the accuracy of the extracted sea ice cover by using S1 data is more than 80%.
The role of Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein （FTO） and its substrate N6-methyladenosine （m6A） in mRNA processing and adipogenesis remains largely unknown. We show that FTO expression and m6A ...levels are inversely correlated during adipogenesis. FTO depletion blocks differentiation and only catalytically active FTO restores adi- pogenesis. Transcriptome analyses in combination with m6A-seq revealed that gene expression and mRNA splicing of grouped genes are regulated by FTO. M6A is enriched in exonic regions flanking 5＇- and 3＇-splice sites, spatially over- lapping with mRNA splicing regulatory serine/arginine-rich （SR） protein exonic splicing enhancer binding regions. Enhanced levels of m6A in response to FTO depletion promotes the RNA binding ability of SRSF2 protein, leading to increased inclusion of target exons. FTO controls exonic splicing of adipogenie regulatory factor RUNX1T1 by regulating m6A levels around splice sites and thereby modulates differentiation. These findings provide compelling evidence that FTO-dependent m6A demethylation functions as a novel regulatory mechanism of RNA processing and plays a critical role in the regulation of adipogenesis.
Abstract
Data concerning the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. We report a 3-family cluster of ...infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. Eight of 15 (53%) members from 3 families were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of 8 patients, 3 were asymptomatic and 1 was paucisymptomatic. An asymptomatic mother transmitted the virus to her son, and a paucisymptomatic father transmitted the virus to his 3-month-old daughter. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the environment of 1 household. The complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients were > 99.9% identical and were clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 sequences reported from China and other countries.
We report a unique 3-family cluster of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by individuals with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic infections likely occurred. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in contaminated environments of 1 household.
Phosphorus (P) is essential for productivity of alpine grassland ecosystems, which are sensitive to global warming. We tested the hypotheses that (1) mobilized ‘calcium‐bound inorganic P’ (Ca‐Pi) is ...a major source of plant‐available P in alpine meadows with alkaline soils after long‐term warming, (2) mobilization of Ca‐Pi is linked to effective plant carboxylate‐releasing P‐acquisition strategies under warming, and (3) the mobilization is also related to plant nitrogen (N)‐acquisition. We conducted an 8‐year warming experiment in an alpine meadow (4635 m above sea level) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. A significant increase in P concentration in both aboveground and belowground biomass indicates an increased mobilization and assimilation of P by plants under warming. We observed a significant decrease in Ca‐Pi, no change in moderately‐labile organic P, and an increase in highly resistant organic P after warming. There was no increase in phosphatase activities. Our results indicate that Ca‐Pi, rather than organic P was the major source of plant‐available P for alpine meadows under warming. Higher leaf manganese concentrations of sedges and forbs after warming indicate that carboxylates released by these plants are a key mechanism of Ca‐Pi mobilization. The insignificant increase in Rhizobiales after warming and the very small cover of legumes show a minor role of N‐acquisition strategies in solubilizing phosphate. The insignificant change in relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria related to P cycling after warming shows a small contribution of microorganisms to Ca‐Pi mobilization. The significant increase in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratio of grasses and no change in sedge leaf N:P ratio reflect distinct responses of plant nutrient status to warming due to differences in P‐acquisition strategies. We highlight the important effects of belowground P‐acquisition strategies, especially plant carboxylate‐releasing P‐acquisition strategies on responses of plants to global changes in alpine meadows.
Phosphorus (P) is essential for productivity of alpine grassland ecosystems, which are sensitive to global warming. The soil Calcium‐bound inorganic phosphorus (Ca‐Pi) significantly decreased and moderately‐labile organic P showed no change, while highly‐resistant organic P increased under an 8 year of warming in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Carboxylates released by sedge and forbs, indicated by the high leaf manganese concentrations, accelerated the Ca‐Pi mobilization, to meet the plant P demand under warming climate. Belowground P‐acquisition strategies, especially plant carboxylate‐releasing P‐acquisition strategies influence responses of plants to global changes in alpine meadows.
Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) functions as a key sensor for microbial invasion and cellular damage by detecting emerging cytosolic DNA. Here, we report that GTPase‐activating protein‐(SH3 ...domain)–binding protein 1 (G3BP1) primes cGAS for its prompt activation by engaging cGAS in a primary liquid‐phase condensation state. Using high‐resolution microscopy, we show that in resting cells, cGAS exhibits particle‐like morphological characteristics, which are markedly weakened when G3BP1 is deleted. Upon DNA challenge, the pre‐condensed cGAS undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) more efficiently. Importantly, G3BP1 deficiency or its inhibition dramatically diminishes DNA‐induced LLPS and the subsequent activation of cGAS. Interestingly, RNA, previously reported to form condensates with cGAS, does not activate cGAS. Accordingly, we find that DNA – but not RNA – treatment leads to the dissociation of G3BP1 from cGAS. Taken together, our study shows that the primary condensation state of cGAS is critical for its rapid response to DNA.
Synopsis
Host cell encoded cGAS is a critical DNA sensor to detect invading pathogens. The stress‐granule protein G3BP1 engages cGAS in a primary condensation state to enable a rapid response to free DNA.
G3BP1 primes cGAS for its prompt activation.
G3BP1 engages cGAS in a primary condensation state.
DNA‐ but not RNA‐interaction leads to the dissociation of G3BP1 from cGAS.
Green tea compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits G3BP1‐promoted cGAS phase condensation and activation.
Host cell encoded cGAS is a critical DNA sensor to detect invading pathogens. The stress‐granule protein G3BP1 engages cGAS in a primary condensation state to enable a rapid response to free DNA.
Herein, NiO nanocubes are prepared through a simple hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized product shows excellent photocatalytic properties for dye degradation, revealing that the photocatalytic ...degradation efficiency for Congo red is higher than other commonly used dyes. In addition, due to its unique structure, the resulting product as the electrode material shows excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of 1012 mF cm−2 can be achieved at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Simultaneously, the as-assembled device shows good cycle performance with the capacitor retention rate of 89.3% after 10000 cycles. It indicates the as-prepared product can be used as an efficient photocatalyst and energy storage device.
•NiO nanocubes were prepared through a simple hydrothermal route.•The as-synthesized product exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties for dye degradation.•The as-resulting product as the electrode material shows excellent electrochemical performance.
Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which involves repeated occlusion/release cycles on bilateral upper limb arteries; ...however, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking.
To assess the efficacy of RIC for acute moderate ischemic stroke.
This multicenter, open-label, blinded-end point, randomized clinical trial including 1893 patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke was conducted at 55 hospitals in China from December 26, 2018, through January 19, 2021, and the date of final follow-up was April 19, 2021.
Eligible patients were randomly assigned within 48 hours after symptom onset to receive treatment with RIC (using a pneumatic electronic device and consisting of 5 cycles of cuff inflation for 5 minutes and deflation for 5 minutes to the bilateral upper limbs to 200 mm Hg) for 10 to 14 days as an adjunct to guideline-based treatment (n = 922) or guideline-based treatment alone (n = 971).
The primary end point was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1. All end points had blinded assessment and were analyzed on a full analysis set.
Among 1893 eligible patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who were randomized (mean SD age, 65 10.3 years; 606 women 34.1%), 1776 (93.8%) completed the trial. The number with excellent functional outcome at 90 days was 582 (67.4%) in the RIC group and 566 (62.0%) in the control group (risk difference, 5.4% 95% CI, 1.0%-9.9%; odds ratio, 1.27 95% CI, 1.05-1.54; P = .02). The proportion of patients with any adverse events was 6.8% (59/863) in the RIC group and 5.6% (51/913) in the control group.
Among adults with acute moderate ischemic stroke, treatment with remote ischemic conditioning compared with usual care significantly increased the likelihood of excellent neurologic function at 90 days. However, these findings require replication in another trial before concluding efficacy for this intervention.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03740971.
•The orientation diversity is considered into contrast masking modelling.•The color complexity is first introduced to adjust the final JND model.•The proposed JND is implemented into logarithmic STDM ...watermarking framework.•The proposed scheme shows a better tradeoff between fidelity and robustness.
The Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) can reliably measure the perceptual strength in image watermarking, but, it remains a challenge to computationally model the process of embedding watermark without prior knowledge of the image contents. This paper proposed a novel color image watermarking scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based on JND, which takes both orientation diversity and color complexity features into account. Firstly, two indicator was introduced which take into account the differences in the texture types and orientation diversity of the Human Visual System (HVS) in the proposed JND contrast masking (CM) processing. In addition, a novel color complexity weight from Cb-channel is used to guarantee the scheme robustness. Then, a novel JND model combined with the proposed contrast masking and color complexity is applied into quantization watermarking scheme. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods for color image watermarking, experimental results using publicly available images show that our proposed scheme is reliable and effective.
The Barbier reaction, a widely utilized reaction for carbon-carbon bond formation, has played important roles in modern organic chemistry for more than a century. Here, we show its successful ...introduction to polymer chemistry. Through one-pot Barbier polyaddition (both A
+B
type and AB type) of monomers containing an organic halide and a benzoyl group, a series of phenylmethanol group containing polymers, including polymonophenylmethanol (PMPM), polydiphenylmethanol (PDPM), and polytriphenylmethanol (PTPM), have been synthesized. Para-PTPM exhibits interesting aggregation-induced emission, tunable thermo-responsive over a wide temperature range, sensory, luminescence enhancement of fluorescent dye in solid-state and processing properties. This significantly expands the libraries of monomer and polymer, and opens up an avenue for the design and application of functional polymer materials.
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