Fifty-five members of a family with the cancer family syndrome (CFS) were investigated for the following potential biomarkers for cancer proneness: (1) cytogenetics of peripheral blood lymphocytes ...and skin fibroblasts; (2) in vitro tetraploidy of dermal fibroblast monolayer cultures; (3) quantitative serum immunoglobulin determinations; (4) study of genetic linkage with respect to eight blood group markers including Kidd. Biological specimens were obtained from 14 patients affected with cancer, 21 subjects at risk, and 20 healthy subjects. None of the markers tested in this family, in order to identify a biomarker for the status of CFS gene carrier, was found to be useful. Our search for linkage to other biological markers (DNA RFLPs and NK cells) is in progress.
Linkage analysis was performed on 188 subjects belonging to 18 Italian families segregating for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) using 7 polymorphic markers (5 restriction fragment length and 2 ...dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms) mapping in 5q21. A two-point linkage analysis performed with the LINKAGE program gave significant lod scores (> 3) between the Pi227, C11p11, YN5.64, YN5.48 probes and the disease, whereas the ECB27, CB83 and EF5.44 markers showed lower lod scores. Some 11 recombination events were identified from the analysis of 101 meioses. The best map that we could determine confirmed that reported in previous studies. The location of the new marker, CB83, lying between YN5.64 and YN5.48, remains imprecise. No genetic heterogeneity was detected, with all the families showing linkage for at least one of the probes. One 34-year-old individual having an affected haplotype was however classified as healthy after clinical examinations. The results confirm the applicability of the linkage approach for presymptomatic diagnosis of FAP.
Individuals from kindred with cancer family syndrome (CFS) have an increased genetic risk for the development of adenocarcinoma of the colon as well as of several other organs. Previous studies have ...suggested that this high occurrence of adenocarcinoma in this as in other hereditary neoplastic syndromes may be correlated to an underlying abnormality in immunological tumor surveillance. In attempt to define a marker that might identify individuals within CFS kindred at risk of developing cancer, we determined natural killer (NK) cell number and NK cell function in affected and healthy members of a CFS family. We studied 13 cancer-affected patients, 20 unaffected but "at-risk" subjects, 20 healthy subjects and 26 normal individuals matched to the patients with colon cancer on the basis of sex and age. We determined the number of NK cells and their function concurrently, using a monoclonal antibody and a 51Cr-release assay with K562 as target cells. We found that the number of NK cells was significantly (P = 0.00004) reduced in cancer patients as compared with healthy subjects and normal controls. Of the 20 at-risk individuals 9 had levels lower than the norm, while 11 showed normal-values. Consequently, the mean percentage of NK cells of this group does not differ either from that of normal subjects or from that of cancer patients. Mean NK cell function was lower in cancer patients than in healthy members of the CFS family but the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, the mean NK cell function per single cell, expressed as a ratio between cytotoxicity (LU) and the number of NK1-positive cells, resulted paradoxically in an increase when compared with that of normal subjects. The possible mechanisms for this dichotomy were examined.
Um resíduo siderúrgico composto predominantemente por magnetita (Fe3O4) finamente dividida foi empregado como material adsorvedor não convencional na adsorção e fixação de compostos corantes ...orgânicos tóxicos. Estudos preliminares indicaram que a magnetita quando utilizada em meio ácido (pH<3) sob agitação contínua pode apresentar diversos graus de desagregação e de solubilização. Este efeito é indesejável em sistemas adsortivos porque representa redução na porcentagem de remoção de composto tóxico orgânico e possível aumento de contaminação por produtos de dissolução e de desagregação da magnetita. Soluções de metasilicato de sódio, sulfato de ferro e hidróxido de sódio foram empregadas nos processos de estabilização de quatro frações granulométricas da magnetita usadas como adsorvedor não convencional em meio ácido. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o tratamento com metasilicato de sódio das frações de magnetita resulta em redução de 1% nos valores de remoção de composto tóxico corante da solução (de 98% para a fração sem tratamento para 97% para a fração com tratamento com metasilicato) e redução nos valores de constante de velocidade de adsorção (k ab) de 30.10-3 mg.g-1.min-1 para 10.10-3 mg.g-1.min-1. Embora tenha sido observada redução na capacidade adsortiva das frações tratadas e na velocidade de adsorção, este efeito foi considerado aceitável comparando-se o aumento da estabilidade química e redução nos valores de perda de massa em 46%. Analisando-se as isotermas obtidas para as frações #30 com e sem tratamento, pode-se confirmar que o tratamento com metasilicato promoveu um processo de adsorção mais favorável, com menor interferência dos processos de dissolução, de desagregação e maior correspondência com o modelo de Freundlich.
PDF
