A new fast multipole method (FMM) is proposed to accelerate the time-domain boundary integral equation method (TDBIEM) for the three-dimensional wave equation. The proposed algorithm is an ...enhancement of the interpolation-based FMM for the time-domain case, adopting the notion of the plane-wave time-domain algorithm. With the application being targeted at a low-frequency regime, the proposed time-domain interpolation-based FMM can reduce the computational complexity of the TDBIEM from O(Ns2Nt) to O(Ns1+δNt) (where δ=1/3 or 1/2) with the help of multilevel space–time hierarchy, where Ns and Nt are the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom, respectively. The computational accuracy and speed of the proposed accelerated TDBIEM are verified in comparison with those of the conventional (direct) TDBIEM via numerical experiments.
The present study was performed to clarify the following 2 issues to reconstruct a premise that would facilitate a meaningful debate on John Dewey's views in the field of physical education. First, ...certain misconceptions surrounding Dewey's views, which were regarded as experientialist, were examined in an attempt to understand his claims and position more accurately. Second, it was investigated how the field of physical education in Japan came to accept Dewey's educational approach and how it impacted the field. Initially, an overview of Dewey's conception of pragmatism was conducted, and then misconceptions about Dewey's approach and their origin were discussed. Then, the impact of Dewey's educational theory on the field of physical education in post-war Japan was examined, focusing in particular on the relationship between Dewey's thought and Maekawa Mineo's “theory of physical education in life”. Contrary to popular belief, Dewey's educational approach did not prioritize a form of radical experientialism. Rather, it focused on shaping a child's development by reconstructing experience. Dewey argued that different methods should be used to provide experiences that are meaningful for a child's growth. In other words, his approach aimed to actively deconstruct and reconstruct the framework of modern education. In this sense, one must understand Dewey's aim in order to properly understand his broader educational theory. Dewey's educational theory was influential in Japan's post-war educational reform. In the field of physical education, in particular, his theory was foundational to Maekawa's theory. However, his theory has been misinterpreted when applied in schools, and the experiential learning that was implemented has been criticized for hindering physical abilities. Likewise, the field of physical education has been critical of Dewey's educational theory because of its experiential nature. Regardless of the merits and demerits of Dewey's theory, the physical education literature must first properly interpret it if research on its implementation in the field is to develop further.
interleukin(iL)28B genetic polymorphism is significantly associated with the sustained virological response rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-α(PEG-iFN)plus ...ribavirin and with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance.However,a consensus on the relationship between iL28B genetic polymorphism and the favorable outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus infection defined by hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and/or hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients treated with interferon or PEG-iFN has not been reached.Several reports failed to show a positive association,while some studies demonstrated a positive association in certain subject settings.More prospective studies including large cohorts are needed to determine the possible association between iL28B genetic polymorphism and the outcome of interferon or PEG-iFN treatment for chronic hepatitis B.
The strategies for social interaction between strangers differ from those between acquaintances, whereas the differences in neural basis of social interaction have not been fully elucidated. In this ...study, we examined the geometrical properties of interpersonal neural networks in pairs of strangers and acquaintances during antiphase joint tapping. Dual electroencephalogram (EEG) of 29 channels per participant was measured from 14 strangers and 13 acquaintance pairs.Intra-brain synchronizations were calculated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) for intra-brain electrode combinations, and inter-brain synchronizations were calculated using the phase locking value (PLV) for inter-brain electrode combinations in the theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. For each participant pair, electrode combinations with larger wPLI/PLV than their surrogates were defined as the edges of the neural networks. We calculated global efficiency, local efficiency, and modularity derived from graph theory for the combined intra- and inter-brain networks of each pair. In the theta band networks, stranger pairs showed larger local efficiency than acquaintance pairs, indicating that the two brains of stranger pairs were more densely connected. Hence, weak social ties require extensive social interactions and result in high efficiency of information transfer between neighbors in neural network.
We develop a three‐dimensional shape optimization (SO) framework for the wave equation with taking the unsteadiness into account. Resorting to the adjoint variable method, we derive the shape ...derivative (SD) with respect to a deformation (perturbation) of an arbitrary point on the target surface of acoustic scatterers. Successively, we represent the target surface with non‐uniform rational B‐spline patches and then discretize the SD in term of the associated control points (CPs), which are useful for manipulating a surface. To solve both the primary and adjoint problems, we apply the time‐domain boundary element method (TDBEM) because it is the most appropriate when the analysis domain is the ambient air and thus infinitely large. The issues of the severe computational cost and instability of the TDBEM are resolved by exploiting the fast and stable TDBEM proposed by the present authors. Instead, since the TDBEM is mesh‐based and employs the piecewise‐constant element for space, we introduce some approximations in evaluating the discretized SD from the two solutions of TDBEM. By regarding the evaluation scheme as the computation of the gradient of the objective functional, given as the summation of the absolute value of the sound pressure over the predefined observation points, we can solve SO problems with a gradient‐based non‐linear optimization solver. To assess the developed SO system, we performed several numerical experiments from the perspective of verification and application with satisfactory results.
We study Λ baryons of spin-parity 12± with either a strange or charm valence quark in full 2+1 flavor lattice QCD. Multiple SU(3) singlet and octet operators are employed to generate the desired ...single baryon states on the lattice. Via the variational method, the couplings of these states to the different operators provide information about the flavor structure of the Λ baryons. We make use of the gauge configurations of the PACS-CS Collaboration and chirally extrapolate the results for the masses and SU(3) flavor components to the physical point. We furthermore gradually change the hopping parameter of the heaviest quark from strange to charm to study how the properties of the Λ baryons evolve as a function of the heavy quark mass. It is found that the baryon energy levels increase almost linearly with the quark mass. Meanwhile, the flavor structure of most of the states remains stable, with the exception of the lowest 12− state, which changes from a flavor singlet Λ to a Λc state with singlet and octet components of comparable size. Finally, we discuss whether our findings can be interpreted with the help of a simple quark model and find that the negative-parity Λc states can be naturally explained as diquark excitations of the light u and d quarks. On the other hand, the quark-model picture does not appear to be adequate for the negative-parity Λ states, suggesting the importance of other degrees of freedom to describe them.
We study the color correlation between the static quark and antiquark (qq¯) in the confined phase via reduced density matrices ρ defined in color space. We adopt the standard Wilson gauge action and ...perform quenched calculations with the Coulomb gauge condition for reduced density matrices. The spatial volumes are L3=83, 163, 323, and 483, with the gauge couplings β=5.7, 5.8, and 6.0. Each element of the reduced density matrix in the subspace of quarks' color degrees of freedom of the qq¯ pair is calculated from staples defined by link variables. As a result, we find that ρ is well written by a linear combination of the strongly correlated qq¯ pair state with the color-singlet component and the uncorrelated qq¯ pair state with random color configurations. We compute the Renyi entropies SRenyi from ρ to investigate the qq¯ distance dependence of the color correlation of the qq¯ pair and find that the color correlation is quenched as the distance increases.
We investigate the shear viscosity η of the classical Yang-Mills (CYM) field on a lattice by using the Green-Kubo formula, where the shear viscosity is calculated from the time-correlation function ...of the energy-momentum tensor in equilibrium. Dependence of the shear viscosity η(g, T) on the coupling g and temperature T is represented by a scaling function fη(g2T) as η(g, T) = Tfη(g2T) due to the scaling- invariant property of the CYM. The explicit functional form of fη(g2T) is successfully determined from the calculated shear viscosity: It turns out that η(g,T) of the CYM field is proportional to 1/g1.10–1.88 at weak coupling, which is a weaker dependence on g than that in the leading-order perturbation theory but consistent with that of the "anomalous viscosity" η ∝ 1/g1.5 under the strong disordered field. The obtained shear viscosity is also found to be roughly consistent with that estimated through the analysis of the anisotropy of the pressure of the CYM dynamics in the expanding geometry with recourse to a hydrodynamic equation.
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are ...speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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