We present a near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of WISE J104222.11+164115.3, an extremely red dust-obscured galaxy (DOG), which has been observed with the Long-slit Intermediate Resolution Infrared ...Spectrograph (LIRIS) on the 4.2m William Hershel Telescope. This object was selected as a hyper-luminous DOG candidate at z ∼ 2 by combining the optical and IR photometric data based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), although its redshift had not yet been confirmed. Based on the LIRIS observation, we confirmed its redshift of 2.521 and total IR luminosity of log(LIR/L⊙) = 14.57, which satisfies the criterion for an extremely luminous IR galaxy (ELIRG). Moreover, we indicate that this object seems to have an extremely massive black hole with MBH = 1010.92 M⊙ based on the broad Hα line: the host stellar mass is derived as M⋆ = 1013.55 M⊙ by a fit of the spectral energy distribution. Very recently, it has been reported that this object is an anomalous gravitationally lensed quasar based on near-IR high-resolution imaging data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Its magnification factor has also been estimated with some uncertainty (i.e., μ = 53−122). We investigate the ratio of the black hole to galaxy mass, which is less strongly affected by a lensing magnification factor, instead of the absolute values of the luminosities and masses. We find that the MBH/M⋆ ratio (i.e., 0.0140–0.0204) is significantly higher than the local relation, following a sequence of unobscured quasars instead of obscured objects (e.g., submillimeter galaxies) at the same redshift. Moreover, the LIRIS spectrum shows strongly blueshifted oxygen lines with an outflowing velocity of ∼1100 km s−1, and our Swift X-ray observation also supports that this source is an absorbed AGN with an intrinsic column density of NHint = 4.9 × 1023 cm−2 N H int =4.9× 10 23 cm −2 $ N_{\rm{H}}^{{\rm{int}}} = 4.9 \times {10^{23}}\,{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 2}} $ . These results imply that WISE J104222.11+164115.3 is in a blow-out phase at the end of the buried rapid black hole growth.
Electrochromic substances supported on metal oxide nanoparticle layers have found application in electrodes for electronic paper and smart windows. In addition to applications of technological ...importance, the nanospaces created by the nanoparticles are scientifically important as they provide specific electrochemical reaction fields. Herein, the electrochromic properties of the composite film electrodes consisting of viologen and a metal oxide (SnO2, Al-doped ZnO, and ZnO) on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plate were investigated. All the electrodes exhibited electrochromism ranging from purple to white (or yellowish-white). However, the coloring uniformity, coloring concentration, and response times of coloring/decoloring depended on the nature of the nanoparticles, the reason for which is discussed on the basis of the difference in the mixing state of the nanoparticle–viologen system and the difference in the hydrophilicity of the nanospaces. The SnO2–viologen/ITO electrode demonstrated the most promising electrochromic performance. The ZnO–viologen/ITO electrode exhibited specific electrochromism in that the supported amount of viologen was controlled by pre-exposure to white light, thereby allowing image patterns and gradation images to display electrochromic behavior. Finally, an indium-free electrode, SnO2–viologen/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass plate), was prepared. Reflecting the higher chemical affinity of SnO2 for FTO, the electrode demonstrated the highest electrochromic performance.
Perioperative treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer has been inconsistent between Japan and the Western countries. In Japan, D2 gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is regarded as ...standard treatment, while neoadjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy is considered to be a standard in the Western countries. Stomach Cancer Study Group of Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) has conducted many perioperative chemotherapy trials. After the publishing of positive results of ACTS-GC trial, stage-specific adjuvant chemotherapy protocols are planned. JCOG1104 was conducted as to demonstrate the non-inferiority of four courses of S-1 to standard eight courses of S-1, because the efficacy of S-1 appears to be sufficient in stage II. The trial failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of four courses of S-1. S-1 for 1 year is still recognized to be a standard for stage II gastric cancer. For stage III, studies with more intensive treatments were planned as the efficacy of S-1 monotherapy seems to be insufficient. As in the Western countries, JCOG planned the perioperative chemotherapy. However, the clinical staging is a serious issue to select optimal patients for perioperative chemotherapy. JCOG conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the validity of clinical staging in JCOG1302A. From the results of this study, cT3-4 and cN1-3 are selected as optimal candidate for perioperative chemotherapy. JCOG1509 was conducted to demonstrate the superiority of perioperative chemotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy in these cohorts. Perioperative chemotherapy for marginally resectable tumours such as linitis plastica or extensive nodal disease and special type of cancer like HER2 positive are also conducted.
The industrial revolution has raised major concern of environmental pollution, due to excess release of hazardous chemical, dyes, etc. into water bodies. The present crises of water have attracted ...considerable attention of scientific drive on development of new technologies on recovery and water purification. Sonochemistry with zero secondary pollutants has been considered as a potential, and greener technologies for water security. In the present work, we synthesized cerium oxide (CeO
2
) nanoparticles for its dynamic application in opto-electronic field. The work involves the systematic study of sono-catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) (40 kHz, 80W) using cerium oxide (CeO
2
) nanomaterial as a catalyst. Time-dependent synthesis of CeO
2
is carried out using co-precipitation method at 120 °C, followed by calcination. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Raman studies confirms high crystallinity (~ crystallite size of 10–15 nm) with cubic fluorite phase. The microscopic studies using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed a spindle shaped morphology. Ninety percent sono-cataclytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) is observed using CeO
2
synthesized with a reaction time of 2 h (surface area of 62 m
2
g
−1
with pore size of 1.5 nm)
.
The observed sono-catalytic degradation, follow first order reaction kinetics with regression coefficient of 0.92 with rate constant 0.018 min
−1
. The study reveals that the CeO
2
spindles can act as excellent catalysts for sono-catalytic degradation activities and for water purification owing to their excellent surface properties.
Graphical Abstract
The sono-catalytic degradation of methylene blue (40 kHz, 80W) is systematically studied using synthesized spindle shaped CeO
2
catalyst. Ninety percent sono-cataclytic degradation of MB is observed using spindle shaped CeO
2
. The study reveals that the CeO
2
spindles can act as excellent catalysts for sono-catalytic degradation activities owing to their excellent surface properties.
To retrospectively analyze the treatment outcomes of particle therapy using protons or carbon ions for unresectable or incompletely resected bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTSs) of the pelvis.
From ...May 2005 to December 2014, 91 patients with nonmetastatic histologically proven unresectable or incompletely resected pelvic BSTSs underwent particle therapy with curative intent. The particle therapy used protons (52 patients) or carbon ions (39 patients). All patients received a dose of 70.4 Gy (relative biologic effectiveness) in 32 fractions (55 patients) or 16 fractions (36 patients).
The median patient age was 67 years (range 18-87). The median planning target volume (PTV) was 455 cm
(range 108-1984). The histologic type was chordoma in 53 patients, chondrosarcoma in 14, osteosarcoma in 10, malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in 5, and other in 9 patients. Of the 91 patients, 82 had a primary tumor and 9 a recurrent tumor. The median follow-up period was 32 months (range 3-112). The 3-year rate of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control was 83%, 72%, and 92%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards model revealed that chordoma histologic features and a PTV of ≤500 cm
were significantly associated with better OS, and a primary tumor and PTV of ≤500 cm
were significantly associated with better PFS. Ion type and number of fractions were not significantly associated with OS, PFS, or local control. Late grade ≥3 toxicities were observed in 23 patients. Compared with the 32-fraction protocol, the 16-fraction protocol was associated with significantly more frequent late grade ≥3 toxicities (18 of 36 vs 5 of 55; P<.001).
Particle therapy using protons or carbon ions was effective for unresectable or incompletely resected pelvic BSTS, and the 32-fraction protocol was effective and relatively less toxic. Nevertheless, a longer follow-up period is needed to confirm these results.
Colored wide‐bandgap semiconductor oxides with abundant mid‐gap states have long been regarded as promising visible light responsive photocatalysts. However, their catalytic activities are hampered ...by charge recombination at deep level defects, which constitutes the critical challenge to practical applications of these oxide photocatalysts. To address the challenge, a strategy is proposed here that includes creating shallow‐level defects above the deep‐level defects and thermal activating the migration of trapped electrons out of the deep‐level defects via these shallow defects. A simple and scalable solution plasma processing (SPP) technique is developed to process the presynthesized yellow TiO2 with numerous oxygen vacancies (Ov), which incorporates hydrogen dopants into the TiO2 lattice and creates shallow‐level defects above deep level of Ov, meanwhile retaining the original visible absorption of the colored TiO2. At elevated temperature, the SPP‐treated TiO2 exhibits a 300 times higher conversion rate for CO2 reduction under solar light irradiation and a 7.5 times higher removal rate of acetaldehyde under UV light irradiation, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to enhance the photoactivity of colored wide‐bandgap oxides for energy and environmental applications.
Solution plasma brings H doping into oxygen vacancy type TiO2. The H dopant bridges the gap between the oxygen vacancy (Ov) and conduction band (CB), resulting in photothermal extraction of trapped electrons at the Ov to CB. The solution plasma strategy endows a 300 times higher conversion rate for CO2 reduction under solar light at 393 K than that at 298 K.
Understanding temporally attention fluctuations can benefit scientific knowledge and real-life applications. Temporal attention studies have typically used the reaction time (RT), which can be ...measured only after a target presentation, as an index of attention level. We have proposed the Micro-Pupillary Unrest Index (M-PUI) based on pupillary fluctuation amplitude to estimate RT before the target presentation. However, the kind of temporal attention effects that the M-PUI reflects remains unclear. We examined if the M-PUI shows two types of temporal attention effects initially reported for RTs in the variable foreperiod tasks: the variable foreperiod effect (FP effect) and the sequential effect (SE effect). The FP effect refers to a decrease in the RT due to an increase in the foreperiod of the current trial, whereas the SE effect refers to an increase in the RT in the early part of the foreperiod of the current trial due to an increase in the foreperiod of the previous trial. We used a simple reaction task with the medium-term variable foreperiods (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and found that the M-PUI primarily reflects the FP effect. Inter-individual analyses showed that the FP effect on the M-PUI, unlike other eye movement indices, is correlated with the FP effect on RT. These results suggest that the M-PUI is a potentially powerful tool for investigating temporal attention fluctuations for a partly unpredictable target.
Current status of fish vaccines in Japan Matsuura, Yuta; Terashima, Sachiko; Takano, Tomokazu ...
Fish & shellfish immunology,
December 2019, 2019-Dec, 2019-12-00, 20191201, Volume:
95
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Aquaculture is an important industry in Japan for the sustainable production of fish. It contributes to the diversity of Japanese traditional food culture, which uses fish such as “sushi” and ...“sashimi”. In the recent aquaculture setting in Japan, infectious diseases have been an unavoidable problem and have caused serious economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome the disease problem to increase the productivity of aquaculture. Although our country has developed various effective vaccines against fish pathogens, which have contributed to disease prevention on fish farms, infectious diseases that cannot be controlled by conventional inactivated vaccines are still a problem. Therefore, other approaches to developing effective vaccines other than inactivated vaccines are required. This review introduces the vaccine used in Japan within the context of the current status of finfish aquacultural production and disease problems. This review also summarizes the current research into vaccine development and discusses the future perspectives of fish vaccines, focusing on the problems associated with vaccine promotion in Japan.
•Fish diseases associated with Japan's unique aquaculture are introduced.•Approved fish vaccines and the Japanese vaccine approval system are summarized.•Prospects of fish vaccines and their development in Japan are discussed.
The aim of the study was to determine the optimal extent of lymph node dissection for the 2 histological types of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) tumors based on the incidence of metastasis in a ...prospective nationwide multicenter study.
Because most previous studies were retrospective, the optimal surgical procedure for EGJ tumors has not been standardized.
Patients with cT2-T4 adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma located within 2.0 cm of the EGJ were enrolled before surgery. Surgeons dissected all lymph nodes prespecified in the protocol, using either the abdominal transhiatal or right transthoracic approach. The primary endpoint was the metastasis rate of each lymph node. Lymph nodes were classified according to metastasis rate, as follows: category-1 (strongly recommended for dissection), rate more than 10%; category-2 (weakly recommended for dissection), rate from 5% to 10%; and category-3 (not recommended for dissection), rate less than 5%.
Between 2014 and 2017, 1065 patients with EGJ tumor were screened, and 371 were enrolled. Among 358 patients who underwent surgical resection, category-1 nodes included abdominal stations 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 11p, whereas category-2 nodes included abdominal stations 8a, 19, and lower mediastinal station 110. If esophageal involvement exceeded 2.0 cm, station 110 was assigned to category-1. Among 98 patients who had either adenocarcinoma with esophageal involvement over 3.0 cm or squamous cell carcinoma, there were no category-1 nodes in the upper/middle mediastinal field, whereas category-2 nodes included upper mediastinal station 106recR and middle mediastinal station 108. When esophageal involvement exceeded 4.0 cm, station 106recR was assigned to category-1.
The study accurately identified the distribution of lymph node metastases from EGJ tumors and the optimal extent of subsequent lymph node dissection.
Background
Ulcerative finding (UL) is one of the factors that define the indication and curability of endoscopic resection (ER) in early gastric cancer (EGC). Discrepancies between endoscopic UL ...(cUL) and pathological UL (pUL) sometimes occur in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the discrepancy rate in UL diagnosis and the risk factors associated with such discrepancies.
Methods
Patients with clinical intramucosal (cT1a) EGC who underwent ER or surgery between September 2002 and December 2017 were analyzed. The proportion of cUL-negative (cUL0) lesions that were identified as pUL-positive (pUL1) and that of cUL-positive (cUL1) lesions that were identified as pUL-negative (pUL0) were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between discrepancy in UL diagnosis and clinical variables of the lesion, such as the size, histology, location, and macroscopic type.
Results
In total, 5382 lesions were evaluated; 5.5% of cUL0 lesions (256/4619) were identified as pUL1, while 38.7% of cUL1 lesions (295/763) were pUL0. Multivariate analysis indicated that in cUL1 lesions, tumor location in the lower third of the stomach (odds ratio 3.11, 95% confidence interval 1.90–5.08) was identified as an independent risk factor for overestimation.
Conclusions
Endoscopic diagnosis of UL in cT1a EGC was overestimated in 38.7% of lesions, especially for lesions located in the lower third of the stomach. This discrepancy should be considered in the management of cT1a EGC with UL.
PDF
