Context. In many areas of science and technology, the numerical solution of problems is not enough for the further development of the implementation of the obtained results. Among the existing ...information visualization approaches, the one that allows you to effectively reveal unstructured actionable ideas, generalize or simplify the analysis of the received data is chosen. The results of visualization of generalized structural diagrams based on the textual description of the algorithm clearly reflect the interaction of its parts, which is important at the system engineering stage of computer design. Objective of the study is the analysis and software implementation of structure visualization using the example of discrete harmonic transformation calculators obtained as a result of the synthesis of an algorithm based on cyclic convolutions with the possibility of extending the structure visualization to other computational algorithms. Method. The generalized scheme of the synthesis of algorithms of fast harmonic transformations in the form of a set of cyclic convolution operations on the combined sequences of input data and the coefficients of the harmonic transformation function with their visualization in the form of a generalized structural diagram of the calculator. The results. The result of the work is a software implementation of the visualization of generalized structural diagrams for the synthesized algorithms of cosine and Hartley transformations, which visually reflect the interaction of the main blocks of the computer. The software implementation of computer structure visualization is made in TypeScript using the Phaser 3 framework. Conclusions. The work considers and analyzes the developed software implementation of visualization of the general structure of the calculator for fast algorithms of discrete harmonic transformations in the domain of real numbers, obtained as a result of the synthesis of the algorithm based on cyclic convolutions. The results of visualization of variants of structural schemes of computers clearly and clearly reflect the interaction of its parts and allow to evaluate one or another variant of the computing algorithm in the design process.
An appearance of radiometers and dosimeters on free sale made it possible to provide better radiation safety for citizens. The effects of radiation may not appear all at once. They can manifest ...themselves in decades to come in future generations, in the form of cancer, genetic mutations, etc. For this reason, we have developed in this paper a microcontroller-based radiation monitoring system. The system determines an accumulated radiation dose for a certain period, as well as gives alarm signals when the rate of the equivalent dose exceeds. The high reliability of this system is ensured by a rapid response to emergency situations: excess of the allowable power of the equivalent radiation dose and the accumulator charge control. Further, we have composed a microcontroller electronic circuit for the monitoring radiation system. Additionally, an operation algorithm, as well as software for the ATmega328P microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board, have been developed.
The object of study of this research paper is the processes of changing the properties of three-dimensional surfaces of a user avatar in real time. In the course of this work, the research addressed ...the limitations of existing solutions for synthesizing three-dimensional user avatars, particularly in terms of realism and personalization on mobile devices. Furthermore, the study tackled the challenge of efficiently adjusting color attributes without compromising the underlying texture information, ultimately enhancing user experience across various applications such as gaming, virtual reality, and social media platforms. A method consisting of three key components is proposed: pre-designed 3D models, multi-layer texturing, and software and hardware implementation. The multilayer texturing approach includes different texture maps, such as diffuse and occlusion maps, which contributes to the smooth integration of texture attributes and the overall realism of 3D avatars. The real-time change of surface properties is achieved by mixing the diffusion map with other texture maps using the Metal hardware accelerator, allowing users to efficiently adjust the color attributes of their 3D avatars while preserving the underlying texture information. The paper presents a software algorithm that uses the SceneKit game engine and the Metal framework for rendering 3D avatars on iOS devices. The result of the developed method and tool is a mobile application for the iOS platform that allows users to modify a digital 3D avatar by changing the model's colors. The paper presents the results of testing the proposed methods, means and developed application and compares them with existing solutions in the industry. The developed method can be implemented in areas such as gaming, virtual reality, video conferencing, and social media platforms, offering greater personalization and a more immersive user experience.
Об'єктом дослідження є процес зміни властивостей тривимірних поверхонь аватара користувача в реальному часі. В ході роботи були розглянуті обмеження існуючих рішень для синтезу тривимірних користувацьких аватарів, зокрема, з точки зору реалістичності та персоналізації на мобільних пристроях. Крім того, дане дослідження спрямоване на вирішення проблеми ефективного налаштування колірних атрибутів аватара без втрати базової інформації про текстурні дані, що в кінцевому підсумку має на меті покращити користувацький досвід продуктових застосунків. В ході роботи проведено ретельний аналіз існуючих рішень для синтезу тривимірних користувацьких аватарів з метою виявлення обмежень та напрямків для вдосконалення. Запропоновано метод, що складається з трьох ключових компонентів: попередньо розроблені 3D-моделі, багатошаровго текстурування та програмно-апаратної реалізації. Багатошаровий підхід до текстурування включає різні текстурні карти, як-от дифузні та карти оклюзії, що сприяє плавній інтеграції атрибутів текстури та загальній реалістичності 3D-аватарів. Зміна властивостей поверхні в реальному часі досягається шляхом змішування карти дифузії з іншими текстурними картами за допомогою апаратного прискорювача Metal, що дозволяє користувачам ефективно налаштовувати колірні атрибути своїх 3D-аватарів, зберігаючи при цьому основну текстурну інформацію. Представлено алгоритм програмного забезпечення, що використовує ігровий рушій SceneKit та фреймворк Metal для рендерингу 3D-аватарів на пристроях iOS. Результатом розробленого методу та засобу є мобільний застосунок для платформи iOS, що дає змогу користувачам модифікувати цифровий 3D-аватар, змінюючи кольори моделі. В роботі представлені результати тестування запропонованих методів, засобів та розробленого застосунку, а також проведено порівняння з існуючими рішеннями в галузі. Розроблений метод може бути впроваджений в таких напрямках, як ігри, віртуальна реальність, відеоконференції та соціальні медіа-платформи, пропонуючи більшу персоналізацію та більш захоплюючий користувацький досвід.
This article highlights the parameters of figurative conceptualization of the set of knowledge about the world and reveals cognitive specifics of metaphorical conceptualization of the CONTAINER ...image-schema with IN-OUT orientation in the English literary text. The article proves that the conceptualization process within the CONTAINER image-schema is based on Langacker’s "viewing metaphor", which is associated with human experience, based on our ability to see and perceive objects in our field of view. Metaphorical extensions of the CONTAINER image-schema conceptualize different spheres of reality, because they establish the relationship between the source domain (the concept based on human physical experience) and the target domain (abstract concept). In Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen", the authors found conceptual metaphors structured by the CONTAINER image-schema with the corresponding domains, which are verbalized by prepositions in, inside, into, out, adjectives inner, filled, full, etc. Dominant conceptual domains were selected: HOUSE, ROOM, GARDEN, MARRIAGE, BODY, HOTEL ROOM. The method of interpretive analysis was used to determine that the conceptual metaphors HOUSE is PRISON, MARRIAGE is PRISON and BODY is PRISON are involved in the formation of metaphors LIFE is PRISON, DEATH is LIBERATION, which are also structured by the CONTAINER image-schema. The relationships between the target domains HOUSE, MARRIAGE, BODY and the source domain PRISON are established by the following words and phrases: "freedom", "living out prison sentence", "prisoner", "never being free", "she felt even more caged”, “forbade”, “barred”. In addition, the death of the main character of the short story is described as a process of drifting into a dark river. As a result, according to the metaphor DEATH is LIBERATION, the image of the river in the story becomes a symbol of freedom. Thus, the conceptual metaphors reveal the problem of a woman sacrificing her own identity for the sake of family life. On the example of the main character of the short story, we can see that such a problem leads to suicide.
•High optical quality and chemical purity glass with the Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu composition is obtained.•XRD, EPR, UV–Vis absorption, and photoluminescence of the Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass are studied.•Spin ...Hamiltonian parameters of Cu2+ ions in Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass are calculated and analysed.•Optical band gap (Egopt) and Urbach energy (ΔE) for obtained glass are evaluated and analysed.•Luminescence spectra and decay kinetics of Eu3+ and Cu+ ions in studied glass are interpreted.
The Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass containing 1.0 mol.% CuO and Eu2O3 impurities was obtained and studied by XRD, EPR, optical absorption, and photoluminescence techniques. Parameters of local structure (interatomic distances and coordination numbers) were derived from XRD data analysis. The EPR and optical absorption, emission, photoluminescence excitation show that the Cu impurity is incorporated into the Li2B4O7 glass as Cu2+ (3d9) and Cu+ (3d10) ions. The Cu2+ ions in Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass show characteristic EPR and optical absorption spectra. Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Cu2+ EPR spectrum were determined. Optical absorption spectrum of the Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass was analysed and interpreted. Optical band gap and Urbach energy of the Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass were evaluated. Photoluminescence spectra of the Li2B4O7:Cu,Eu glass reveal broad blue emission band of Cu+ (3d94s1 → 3d10 transition) and narrow emission bands of Eu3+ (4f6) ions belonging to the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0 – 4) transitions with characteristic decay kinetics.
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In the early software development stages, the aim of estimation is to obtain a rough understanding of the timeline and resources required to implement a potential project. The current study is ...devoted to a method of preliminary estimation applicable at the beginning of the software development life cycle when the level of uncertainty is high. The authors’ concepts of the estimation life cycle, the estimable items breakdown structure, and a system of working-time balance equations in conjunction with an agile-fashioned sizing approach are used. To minimize the experts’ working time spent on preliminary estimation, the authors applied a decision support procedure based on integer programming and the analytic hierarchy process. The method’s outcomes are not definitive enough to make commitments; instead, they are supposed to be used for communication with project stakeholders or as inputs for the subsequent estimation stages. For practical usage of the preliminary estimation method, a semistructured business process is proposed.
Nowadays, intensive streams of fuzzy input data need to be processed in real-time for different fields of science and engineering. To solve this problem, a generalized model for the ...parallel-streaming neural element was developed in this paper. The proposed model allows minimizing hardware costs while providing scalar product and activation function calculations in real time. In particular, an algorithm and a structure for a parallel-streaming device (PSD) were developed to calculate a scalar product with the direct formation of partial products based on the analysis of a single bit-cut of multipliers, which provides working with the shortest conveyor stage. It is based on a modified Booth’s algorithm that allows reducing equipment costs for processing operands with high bit-width. Moreover, it promotes the lowest equipment costs for the operands with a low bit-width. Besides, researches demonstrate that the main way of increasing the speed of the developed algorithms and structures of PSD for scalar product calculating is a preliminary formation of partial products. Further, the estimation of the model parameters shows reducing conveyor steps, improvement of the locality of connections, and an increase of an adaptation to the coming data intensity. It is proposed to use the developed algorithms and structures as a basis for building devices for parallel-streaming calculation of the scalar product in real time with high efficiency of equipment use. The main ways of harmonizing the time of incoming data and weights with the conveyor cycle of the PSD for calculation of the scalar product are determined. A methodology proposed for building conveyor devices for parallel-streaming calculation of the scalar product in real time for a given intensity of input data ensures the implementation of devices with the required speed and with minimal hardware costs.
Luminescence properties of the Er-doped and Er–Ag co-doped glasses with Li2B4O7 (Li2O–2B2O3) basic composition are investigated and analysed. The Li2B4O7 glasses of high chemical purity and optical ...quality, doped with Er and co-doped with Er and Ag were obtained in the air using standard glass technology. Spectroscopic properties of the Li2B4O7:Er and Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses were studied using optical absorption and photoluminescence (excitation, emission, decay kinetics) experimental techniques as well as Judd–Ofelt analysis. The theoretical and experimental oscillator strengths for observed absorption transitions as well as Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) have been calculated. Photoluminescence spectra of the Li2B4O7:Er and Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses reveal intense infrared (4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition, λmax = 1530 nm) and green (4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition, λmax = 546 nm) emission bands. Radiative properties such as transition probabilities (Arad), luminescence branching ratios (β), stimulated emission cross-sections (σem), and radiative lifetimes (τrad) are estimated. Experimental and radiative lifetimes were compared and quantum efficiency (η) has been evaluated. Considerable enhancement of the Er3+ green luminescence in the Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses has been observed. The observed enhancement is attributed to energy transfer from Ag+ to Er3+ ions as well as local field effects induced by surface plasmon resonance of the silver metallic nanoparticles.
•The Er-doped and Er–Ag co-doped glasses with Li2B4O7 basic composition were obtained.•The optical absorption, photoluminescence spectra and decay kinetics were studied.•The Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) and radiative properties (Arad, β, σem, τrad, η) were calculated.•Enhancement of the Er3+ luminescence in the Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glass have been observed.
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