Nowadays, intensive streams of fuzzy input data need to be processed in real-time for different fields of science and engineering. To solve this problem, a generalized model for the ...parallel-streaming neural element was developed in this paper. The proposed model allows minimizing hardware costs while providing scalar product and activation function calculations in real time. In particular, an algorithm and a structure for a parallel-streaming device (PSD) were developed to calculate a scalar product with the direct formation of partial products based on the analysis of a single bit-cut of multipliers, which provides working with the shortest conveyor stage. It is based on a modified Booth’s algorithm that allows reducing equipment costs for processing operands with high bit-width. Moreover, it promotes the lowest equipment costs for the operands with a low bit-width. Besides, researches demonstrate that the main way of increasing the speed of the developed algorithms and structures of PSD for scalar product calculating is a preliminary formation of partial products. Further, the estimation of the model parameters shows reducing conveyor steps, improvement of the locality of connections, and an increase of an adaptation to the coming data intensity. It is proposed to use the developed algorithms and structures as a basis for building devices for parallel-streaming calculation of the scalar product in real time with high efficiency of equipment use. The main ways of harmonizing the time of incoming data and weights with the conveyor cycle of the PSD for calculation of the scalar product are determined. A methodology proposed for building conveyor devices for parallel-streaming calculation of the scalar product in real time for a given intensity of input data ensures the implementation of devices with the required speed and with minimal hardware costs.
In the early software development stages, the aim of estimation is to obtain a rough understanding of the timeline and resources required to implement a potential project. The current study is ...devoted to a method of preliminary estimation applicable at the beginning of the software development life cycle when the level of uncertainty is high. The authors’ concepts of the estimation life cycle, the estimable items breakdown structure, and a system of working-time balance equations in conjunction with an agile-fashioned sizing approach are used. To minimize the experts’ working time spent on preliminary estimation, the authors applied a decision support procedure based on integer programming and the analytic hierarchy process. The method’s outcomes are not definitive enough to make commitments; instead, they are supposed to be used for communication with project stakeholders or as inputs for the subsequent estimation stages. For practical usage of the preliminary estimation method, a semistructured business process is proposed.
Luminescence properties of the Er-doped and Er–Ag co-doped glasses with Li2B4O7 (Li2O–2B2O3) basic composition are investigated and analysed. The Li2B4O7 glasses of high chemical purity and optical ...quality, doped with Er and co-doped with Er and Ag were obtained in the air using standard glass technology. Spectroscopic properties of the Li2B4O7:Er and Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses were studied using optical absorption and photoluminescence (excitation, emission, decay kinetics) experimental techniques as well as Judd–Ofelt analysis. The theoretical and experimental oscillator strengths for observed absorption transitions as well as Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) have been calculated. Photoluminescence spectra of the Li2B4O7:Er and Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses reveal intense infrared (4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition, λmax = 1530 nm) and green (4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition, λmax = 546 nm) emission bands. Radiative properties such as transition probabilities (Arad), luminescence branching ratios (β), stimulated emission cross-sections (σem), and radiative lifetimes (τrad) are estimated. Experimental and radiative lifetimes were compared and quantum efficiency (η) has been evaluated. Considerable enhancement of the Er3+ green luminescence in the Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glasses has been observed. The observed enhancement is attributed to energy transfer from Ag+ to Er3+ ions as well as local field effects induced by surface plasmon resonance of the silver metallic nanoparticles.
•The Er-doped and Er–Ag co-doped glasses with Li2B4O7 basic composition were obtained.•The optical absorption, photoluminescence spectra and decay kinetics were studied.•The Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) and radiative properties (Arad, β, σem, τrad, η) were calculated.•Enhancement of the Er3+ luminescence in the Li2B4O7:Er,Ag glass have been observed.
► Glasses with Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr compositions of high optical quality were obtained. ► EPR, optical spectra, and luminescence kinetics were studied and compared with similar borate glasses. ► ...Spectroscopy shows Cr3+ centers in low-field and high-field octahedral sites of glass structure. ► Parameters of the Cr3+ paramagnetic and luminescence centers were obtained and analyzed. ► The Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr glasses can be promising for tunable lasers of the NIR region.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra as well as luminescence kinetics of the Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr tetraborate glasses were investigated at T=300K. The Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr glasses containing 0.4 and 1.6mol.% Cr2O3 of high optical quality were obtained from polycrystalline compounds by fast cooling of the melts. The X-band EPR spectroscopy shows that the Cr impurity is incorporated in the tetraborate glass network as isolated Cr3+ centers and Cr3+–Cr3+ pairs coupled by magnetic dipolar and exchange interactions. The EPR spectral parameters (geff and ΔBpp) of both Cr3+ and Cr3+–Cr3+ centers in the Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr glasses were measured and analyzed. All transitions in optical absorption, luminescence excitation and emission spectra of these glasses are identified. Broad complex bands that peak near 615, 405, and 350nm in optical absorption and luminescence excitation spectra correspond to the 4A2g(F)→4T2g(F), 4A2g(F)→4T1g(F), and 4A2g(F)→4T1g(P) spin-allowed transitions of the Cr3+ centers in distorted octahedral sites of the tetraborate glass network. The octahedral (cubic) crystal field strength (10Dq) and Racach parameters (B and C) for Cr3+ centers in Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr glasses are estimated. Narrow and broad emission bands in red – NIR regions are assigned to the 2Eg(F)→4A2g(F) (R1 line) and 4T2g(F)→4A2g(F) (electron-vibration) transitions, which correspond to the Cr3+ centers in high-field and low-field sites, respectively. All observed emission bands are characterized by non-exponential decay. Measured average lifetimes and local structure of the Cr3+ centers in high-field and low-field sites of the Li2B4O7:Cr and KLiB4O7:Cr glass network have been discussed.
The precise categorization of brief texts holds significant importance in various applications within the ever-changing realm of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). ...Short texts are everywhere in the digital world, from social media updates to customer reviews and feedback. Nevertheless, short texts’ limited length and context pose unique challenges for accurate classification. This research article delves into the influence of data sorting methods on the quality of manual labeling in hierarchical classification, with a particular focus on short texts. The study is set against the backdrop of the increasing reliance on manual labeling in AI and NLP, highlighting its significance in the accuracy of hierarchical text classification. Methodologically, the study integrates AI, notably zero-shot learning, with human annotation processes to examine the efficacy of various data-sorting strategies. The results demonstrate how different sorting approaches impact the accuracy and consistency of manual labeling, a critical aspect of creating high-quality datasets for NLP applications. The study’s findings reveal a significant time efficiency improvement in terms of labeling, where ordered manual labeling required 760 min per 1000 samples, compared to 800 min for traditional manual labeling, illustrating the practical benefits of optimized data sorting strategies. Comparatively, ordered manual labeling achieved the highest mean accuracy rates across all hierarchical levels, with figures reaching up to 99% for segments, 95% for families, 92% for classes, and 90% for bricks, underscoring the efficiency of structured data sorting. It offers valuable insights and practical guidelines for improving labeling quality in hierarchical classification tasks, thereby advancing the precision of text analysis in AI-driven research. This abstract encapsulates the article’s background, methods, results, and conclusions, providing a comprehensive yet succinct study overview.
Nowadays development of the Arctic shelf and the continental slope resources is one of the most promising areas in the world oil and gas industry growth. Russia, unlike other countries with Arctic ...hydrocarbon reserves, implements only a few projects on the Northern shelf due to the difficult natural and climatic conditions and ecological vulnerability of the territory. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of hydrocarbon resources development on the Russian Federation Arctic shelf in the long term. The article analyzes the external and internal factors affecting the decline in the rate of oil and gas exploration and production in this region in recent years. It considers state support measures reflected in the Strategy for the Russian Arctic Zone Development and Ensuring National Security – 2035, and a number of other laws and regulations developed and adopted after 2014. Special attention is given to the development of high-tech imports phase-out; specialists training; science, education and business integration; reducing the tax burden; environmental issues. The tasks facing state authorities, oil and gas companies, scientific and educational organizations have been identified that will lead to the successful Arctic shelf reserves development.
The Positronics approach grounded on positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy treated in terms of x3-x2-CDA (coupling decomposition algorithm) is used to recognize nanostructurization-driven ...volumetric effects in lithium tetraborate glass g-Li2B4O7 under transition to crystalline state, doping by Ag and/or Gd activators and 2-h above-Tg annealing in air environment. Lithium vacancies and vacancy complexes are shown to be principal free-volume elements responsible for positron trapping and decaying of bound positron-electron (positronium, Ps) states in these glasses. Expected devitrification (glass-to-crystal) transition corresponds to direct (Ps-to-positron) trapping conversion in volume-contracted network due to transformation of Ps-hosting sites in positron traps.
Plausible migration scenarios for metallic activators in g-Li2B4O7 include occupation of vacancy-type positron traps and Ps-decay holes by Ag+ and/or Gd3+ ions, totally reducing positron-trapping and Ps-decaying contributions. Effect of thermal annealing in metal-doped lithium tetraborate glass is not related to simple de-occupation of vacancy-type defects due to escape of Ag + or Gd3+ ions. Annealing-stimulated transformations are guided by relaxation towards defect-free glass structure, being disturbed by competitive defect formation and destruction processes accelerated by interaction with oxygen. Since non-elementary nature of trapping-modification processes in doped glasses subjected to annealing, the formalism of x3-x2-CDA cannot be reasonably applicable.
Compositional changes in the PAL spectra of crystalline c-Li2B4O7, and glassy g-Li2B4O7, g-Li2B4O7:Ag and g-Li2B4O7:(Gd, Ag) LTB samples. For a sake of comparison, the PAL spectra peaks of crystalline and glassy LTB samples are reproduced in inserts. Display omitted
•Positron trapping and Ps-decay inputs both contributing to PAL spectra of g-Li2B4O7.•Expected devitrification in g-Li2B4O7 by direct Ps-to-positron trapping conversion.•Total reduction in positron-trapping and Ps-decay contributions in metal-doped glass.•Metal Ag, Gd doping in g-Li2B4O7 results in direct Ps-to-positron trapping conversion.•Ag+ and Gd3+ ion-dopants occupy vacancy-type defects being incorporated in g-Li2B4O7.
Основна проблема полягає в необхідності розроблення ефективної та дієвої інформаційної моделі аналізу факторів впливу автоматизації підтримки програмних комплексів. Метою дослідження є ...пошук оптимальних рішень для розроблення необхідної інформаційної моделі з можливістю її подальшої реалізації, застосування, тестування, аналізу та опрацювання отриманих результатів при вирішенні прикладних практичних задач. Серед основних методів дослідження – методи комп’ютерного моделювання з використанням середовищ R та Python. Основними результатами дослідження є наступні. Розроблене інформаційна модель опрацювання даних та відповідне спеціалізоване програмне забезпечення для моделювання аналізу факторів впливу автоматизації підтримки програмних комплексів з використання середовищ програмування R та Python. Розроблена модель дає змогу досліджувати процеси впливу різноманітних факторів впливу на результати суб’єктивного сприйняття об’єктів підтримки (підтримуваних програмних комплексів, чи процесів їх підтримки) відповідними суб’єктами взаємодії, що прямо чи опосередковано взаємодіють з цим об’єктом(-ами) підтримки. Розроблена модель реалізовує практичний підхід до вирішення науково-прикладної задачі відновлення границь факторів впливу підтримки програмних комплексів з подальшою можливістю аналізу цих факторів впливу, що є однією з комплексу задач науково-прикладної проблеми автоматизації підтримки програмних комплексів. Наведені та представлені відповідні конкретні результати моделювання, отримані в ході реальних експериментальних досліджень задач аналізу факторів впливу підтримки програмних комплексів. Розв’язана прикладна практична задача пошуку члена команди підтримки програмного комплексу з максимальним відхиленням показників впливу факторів відносно середнього значення впливу факторів по команді. Перспективи застосування розробленої моделі та її результатів моделювання не обмежуються виключно підтримкою програмних комплексів, а можуть бути використані також й в інших областях, де важливими є процеси суб’єктивного сприйняття досліджуваних об’єктів чи процесів.
The Smart House security subsystem is presented in the paper. The subsystem is based on neural controller that uses an artificial neural network of a multilayer perceptron type, a model based on the ...Petri nets theory and physical model based on an Arduino microcontroller. The model of artificial neural network is developed using C++ and loaded into microcontroller memory. The presented security subsystem Smart House supports processing fuzzy and semistructured data received from sensor subsystems.
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