Proactive personality is an individual difference factor capturing the behavioral tendency toward displaying proactive behaviors to enact positive situational changes. Drawing from the Job Demands – ...Resources framework and trait activation theory, we conducted two studies to extend the proactive personality literature by responding to calls to explore how and under which circumstances proactive personality affects work outcomes. We found that work proactive personality related to performance (i.e., task performance and counterproductive work behaviors) through its relationship with engagement in a field study of 340 employee-supervisor dyads (study 1). In order to explore what organizational factors can be targeted to intervene or support employees who lack proactive personality, we explored the boundary conditions and organizational circumstances of the proactive personality-engagement relationship. We conducted a multilevel study of 52 teams (study 2) and showed that perceived organizational support and team proactive personality composition (mean) moderated the relationship between individual proactive personality and work engagement. Specifically, this positive relationship was found to be stronger among employees who had low perceived organizational support, and who worked in teams with high team proactive personality means.
•Proactive personality (PP) relates to job performance and counterproductive work behavior.•The relationship between PP and outcomes is mediated by employee engagement.•Organizational support and team PP composition moderate the relationship between PP and work engagement.•PP relates more strongly to engagement when organizational support, team PP diversity are low, and average team PP is high.
Caribbean nations stand to benefit significantly from the potential insights that can be gained from the assessment of their athlete talent development environments; which in turn can lead to the ...formulation of evidence-based strategies and improvements to their sport development pathways. The principal aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 25-item TDEQ-5 to determine its validity to assess the development environments of talented youth track and field athletes from six English-speaking Caribbean countries. As a secondary aim, we sought to examine athletes' perceptions of their talent development environment within this context. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed adequate model fit of a re-specified model and good overall internal reliability of the scale, therefore offering support for its use within this context. Furthermore, adequate construct validity and internal reliability was found within three subscales (i.e., communication, holistic quality preparation and support network) with subpar scores within two subscales (i.e., long-term development focus and alignment of expectations). Preliminary findings on athletes' perceptions of their environment revealed key strengths in coaches' long-term development focus and communication, however deficiencies were noted in the accessibility and availability of sport-related support and preparation of athletes. In conclusion, the re-specified TDEQ-5 with 25 items appears to be a reliable and valid measure within the Caribbean context. However, it is recommended that the scale be used with some caution with regard to the interpretation of results for the 'long-term development focus' and 'alignment of expectations' subscales.
Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks Nichele, Fabrizio; Drachmann, Asbjørn C C; Whiticar, Alexander M ...
Physical review letters,
09/2017, Volume:
119, Issue:
13
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We report an experimental study of the scaling of zero-bias conductance peaks compatible with Majorana zero modes as a function of magnetic field, tunnel coupling, and temperature in one-dimensional ...structures fabricated from an epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure. Results are consistent with theory, including a peak conductance that is proportional to tunnel coupling, saturates at 2e^{2}/h, decreases as expected with field-dependent gap, and collapses onto a simple scaling function in the dimensionless ratio of temperature and tunnel coupling.
The intracrine renin-angiotensin system Kumar, Rajesh; Thomas, Candice M; Yong, Qian Chen ...
Clinical science (1979),
09/2012, Volume:
123, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is one of the earliest and most extensively studied hormonal systems. The RAS is an atypical hormonal system in several ways. The major bioactive peptide of the ...system, AngII (angiotensin II), is neither synthesized in nor targets one specific organ. New research has identified additional peptides with important physiological and pathological roles. More peptides also mean newer enzymatic cascades that generate these peptides and more receptors that mediate their function. In addition, completely different roles of components that constitute the RAS have been uncovered, such as that for prorenin via the prorenin receptor. Complexity of the RAS is enhanced further by the presence of sub-systems in tissues, which act in an autocrine/paracrine manner independent of the endocrine system. The RAS seems relevant at the cellular level, wherein individual cells have a complete system, termed the intracellular RAS. Thus, from cells to tissues to the entire organism, the RAS exhibits continuity while maintaining independent control at different levels. The intracellular RAS is a relatively new concept for the RAS. The present review provides a synopsis of the literature on this system in different tissues.
Work-family conflict affects employee performance and well-being. However, despite the underlying focus of work-family research on family health and well-being, we have limited knowledge about the ...impact of role-based stressors, such as work-family conflict, on child health. In this study, we propose and test the stressor-self-regulatory resources-crossover framework. In the spirit of extension of existing work-family research to other cultural settings, we report on two multisource studies conducted in Nigeria to explain whether, how, why, and when parental work-family conflict relates to child health. In Study 1, we collected multisource data from parent-child pairs in low-income families to test whether parental self-regulatory resources explain why work- family conflict relates to child health, resulting in findings that support the stressor-self-regulatory resources-crossover framework. In order to identify possible targets for future organizational-based interventions, we collected Study 2 data from parents and their children (who were enrolled at private schools) to test whether job autonomy and job demands altered the relationship between parental self-regulatory resources and child health. Moderator analyses of the multisource data reveal that self-regulatory resources matter for child health only when job demands are high or when job autonomy is low, pointing to potential intervention and policy levers.
Cooper pairs occupy the ground state of superconductors and are typically composed of maximally entangled electrons with opposite spin. In order to study the spin and entanglement properties of these ...electrons, one must separate them spatially via a process known as Cooper pair splitting (CPS). Here we provide the first demonstration of CPS in a semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). By coupling two quantum dots to a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid region we achieve efficient Cooper pair splitting, and clearly distinguish it from other local and non-local processes. When the spin degeneracy of the dots is lifted, they can be operated as spin-filters to obtain information about the spin of the electrons forming the Cooper pair. Not only do we observe a near perfect splitting of Cooper pairs into opposite-spin electrons (i.e. conventional singlet pairing), but also into equal-spin electrons, thus achieving triplet correlations between the quantum dots. Importantly, the exceptionally large spin-orbit interaction in our 2DEGs results in a strong triplet component, comparable in amplitude to the singlet pairing. The demonstration of CPS in a scalable and flexible platform provides a credible route to study on-chip entanglement and topological superconductivity in the form of artificial Kitaev chains.
The thousands of deaths and disabilities due to workplace accidents and injuries each year emphasize the importance of safety research. Despite occupational safety research that has contributed to ...identifying antecedents of safety, little is known about why and how safety knowledge leads to safety behaviours and how personal and situational factors interact to promote occupational safety. Using a multilevel, multisource, and time-lagged research design, the present study investigates whether safety knowledge affects safety behaviours through safety attitudes and further tests whether supervisory safety attitudes can impact the strength of these relationships and play a role as moderators of the proposed mediated relationship. Data were collected from workers (N = 177) and supervisors (N = 42) in a construction company in the energy industry at two time points. Results indicate full support for the moderated mediation model, demonstrating that worker safety attitudes partially mediate the relationship between safety knowledge and safety behaviours. Moreover, when supervisors had positive attitudes towards safety, both the direct relationship between worker safety attitudes and safety behaviours and the indirect relationship between safety knowledge and safety behaviours were more positive compared to when supervisors had negative safety attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications for occupational safety are discussed.
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