Hypoxia is the trickiest barrier for oncotherapy, which can cause the resistance of various tumor treatments, even promote cancer progression and metastasis, especially in the treatment of ...photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, alleviating tumor hypoxia would be a favorable modality to improve PDT treatment. In this study, we designed an innovative biological oxygen-evolving material, autotrophic light-triggered green affording‑oxygen engine (ALGAE), which could perform an on-off switchable and inexhaustible oxygen generation triggered by the same irradiation of PDT with good biocompatibility and degradability. And the hypoxia-resistant PDT induced by ALGAE could successfully eradicate tumors and avoid tumor metastasis. The ALGAE system could be standby in a long period for efficient oxygen-affording around tumors, which not only dramatically alleviated tumor hypoxia but also achieved a high-efficiency and repetitive PDT treatments. Furthermore, the innovative biological oxygen-affording engine described in the study presents a new class of oxygen-generating material for hypoxia-resistant cancer therapy.
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•A new oxygen-affording material (ALGAE) was designed for hypoxia-resistant PDT.•ALGAE could be standby in a long period for efficient oxygen-affording around tumors.•An on-off switchable and inexhaustible oxygen generation could be performed by ALGAE during PDT.•ALGAE could alleviate tumor hypoxia and achieve efficient and repetitive PDT treatments.•The hypoxia-resistant PDT generated by ALGAE could eradicate tumors and avoid tumor metastasis.
Fluid mechanics concerns the mechanisms of liquids, gases and plasmas and the forces on them. We aim to investigate a
(
2
+
1
)
-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution system in fluid mechanics ...and plasma physics in this paper. With the help of the Painlevé analysis, we find that the above system has Painlevé-integrable property. A set of the auto-Bäcklund transformations and some solutions are derived by the virtue of the truncated Painlevé method. We obtain certain bilinear forms via some seed solutions. According to the mentioned bilinear form, we derive the multiple-soliton solutions on some nonzero backgrounds. Based on the soliton solutions and conjugation transformations, the higher-order breather solutions on certain nonzero backgrounds have been obtained. Via some conjugation transformations, hybrid solutions formed from the breathers and solitons on certain nonzero backgrounds have been derived. We also graphically show the interactions between those solitons and breathers.
In recent years, an increasing number of people have become concerned about their health. Most chronic diseases are related to lifestyle, and daily activity records can be used as an important ...indicator of health. Specifically, using advanced technology to automatically monitor actual activities can effectively prevent and manage chronic diseases. The data used in this paper were obtained from acceleration sensors and gyroscopes integrated in smartphones. We designed an efficient Adaboost-Stump running on a smartphone to classify five common activities: cycling, running, sitting, standing, and walking and achieved a satisfactory classification accuracy of 98%. We designed an online learning method, and the classification model requires continuous training with actual data. The parameters in the model then become increasingly fitted to the specific user, which allows the classification accuracy to reach 95% under different use environments. In addition, this paper also utilized the OpenCL framework to design the program in parallel. This process can enhance the computing efficiency approximately ninefold.
Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Besides its hypoglycemic effects, metformin also can improve ...cognitive or mood functions in some T2DM patients; moreover, it has been reported that metformin exerts beneficial effects on many neurological disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, the mechanism underlying metformin in the brain is not fully understood. Neurotransmission between neurons is fundamental for brain functions, and its defects have been implicated in many neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that metformin appears not only to regulate synaptic transmission or plasticity in pathological conditions but also to regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in neural networks. In this review, we focused on and reviewed the roles of metformin in brain functions and related neurological disorders, which would give us a deeper understanding of the actions of metformin in the brain.
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•Collagen sponge from tilapia skin was extracted and proved to not induce obvious immune response.•Biomimetic electrospun tilapia collagen nanofibers with suitable tensile strength ...and thermal stability were developed.•The adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of HaCaTs were promoted by electrospun tilapia collagen nanofibers.•The electrospun tilapia collagen nanofibers could accelerate skin wound healing rapidly and effectively in the rat model.
The development of biomaterials with the ability to induce skin wound healing is a great challenge in biomedicine. In this study, tilapia skin collagen sponge and electrospun nanofibers were developed for wound dressing. The collagen sponge was composed of at least two α-peptides. It did not change the number of spleen-derived lymphocytes in BALB/c mice, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes, and the level of IgG or IgM in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tensile strength and contact angle of collagen nanofibers were 6.72±0.44MPa and 26.71±4.88°, respectively. They also had good thermal stability and swelling property. Furthermore, the nanofibers could significantly promote the proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and stimulate epidermal differentiation through the up-regulated gene expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and type I transglutaminase in HaCaTs. The collagen nanofibers could also facilitate rat skin regeneration. In the present study, electrospun biomimetic tilapia skin collagen nanofibers were succesfully prepared, were proved to have good bioactivity and could accelerate rat wound healing rapidly and effectively. These biological effects might be attributed to the biomimic extracellular matrix structure and the multiple amino acids of the collagen nanofibers. Therefore, the cost-efficient tilapia collagen nanofibers could be used as novel wound dressing, meanwhile effectively avoiding the risk of transmitting animal disease in the future clinical apllication.
In this paper, we concentrate on the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger-Maxwell-Bloch system with the sextic terms, which could characterize the ultra-short optical pulses in an erbium-doped fiber. ...Proceeding from the existing Lax pair and one-fold Darboux transformation (DT), we build an
N
-fold generalized DT with one spectral parameter by means of the limit procedure, and on this basis determine the
N
th-order solutions of that system. The second- and third-order degenerate solitons are shown through the second-order and third-order solutions, respectively, and we also present the second-order degenerate breather through the second-order solutions. We obtain the eye-shaped rogue wave involving one hump and two valleys, rogue wave involving four valleys, as well as four-petaled rogue wave involving two humps and two valleys via the first-order solutions. Using the second-order solutions, we obtain the interaction between the two first-order rogue waves and show that the second-order rogue wave divides into three first-order rogue waves which are arranged in the triangle structure. Modifying that generalized DT, we work out the second-order and third-order mixed wave solutions, and then show the interactions between the first-order/second-order rogue wave and first-order breather.
The spectral form factor (SFF) can probe the eigenvalue statistic at different energy scales as its time variable varies. In closed quantum chaotic systems, the SFF exhibits a universal
...dip-ramp-plateau
behavior, which reflects the spectrum rigidity of the Hamiltonian. In this work, we explore the general properties of SFF in open quantum systems. We find that in open systems the SFF first decays exponentially, followed by a linear increase at some intermediate time scale, and finally decreases to a saturated plateau value. We derive general relations between (i) the early-time decay exponent and Lindblad operators; (ii) the long-time plateau value and the number of steady states. We also explain the effective field theory perspective of general behaviors. We verify our theoretical predictions by numerically simulating the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model, random matrix theory (RMT), and the Bose–Hubbard model.
Multifunctional theranostic nanoplatforms greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness in tumor treatments. Much effort has been made in developing advanced optical imaging-based tumor theranostic ...nanoplatforms. However, autofluorescence and irradiation damage of the conventional fluorescence imaging technologies as well as unsatisfied curative effects of the nanoplatforms remain great challenges against their wide applications. Herein, we constructed a novel core–shell multifunctional nanoplatform, that is, chromium-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO) near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) as a core and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a shell (namely ZGGO@ZIF-8). The ZGGO@ZIF-8 nanoplatform possessed dual functionalities of the autofluorescence-free NIR PersL imaging as well as the pH-responsive drug delivery, thus it has high potential in tumor theranostics. Notably, the loading content of doxorubicin (DOX) in ZGGO@ZIF-8 (LC = 93.2%) was quite high, and the drug release of DOX-loaded ZGGO@ZIF-8 was accelerated in an acidic microenvironment such as tumor cells. The ZGGO@ZIF-8 opens up a new material system in the combination of PLNPs with metal–organic frameworks and may offer new opportunities for the development of advanced multifunctional nanoplatforms for tumor theranostics, chemical sensing, and optical information storage.
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