The fast‐growing amount of data that is produced every year creates an urgent need for ultracapacity storage media. However, 2D spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has ...almost reached the limit. Further enlargement of storage capacity may rely on the development of the next‐generation data storage materials containing multiplexed information dimensions. Herein, a series of novel deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials (Sr1‐xBax)Si2O2N2:Eu/Yb,Dy with multicolor emissions in the whole visible region is developed and demonstrated a bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in these materials. Optical data can be handily encoded on a flexible film by a commercially available 405 nm laser and decoded by heating or by 980 nm laser scanning. The decoded information contains tunable spectral characteristics, which allows for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing. The storage and readout strategy not only shows a great promise in the application of multidimensional rewritable optical data storage, but also opens new opportunities for advanced display technology and information security system.
A bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials is demonstrated in this study. The readout information contains tunable spectral characteristics, allowing for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing, which may greatly enlarge the storage capacity in multidimensional data storage systems.
Spin waves, usually used in radar and communication system, are the collective excitation of spin system in ferromagnetic metals, and considered as potential data carriers for computing devices ...because they have nanometre wavelengths. In this paper, in a Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain, we study a matrix Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation. With regard to the slowly-varying envelope of the wave, we work out the N-fold Darboux transformation, and then we construct the N-fold generalized Darboux transformation, where N is a positive integer. Furthmore, the first-, second- and third-order vector breathers are derived according to the generalized Darboux transformation method. We show the propagation for three kinds of the first- and second-order vector breathers, and also analyze the influence of the strength of the higher-order linear and nonlinear effects on the first- and second-order vector breathers. All our results rely on the strength of the higher-order linear and nonlinear effects in that equation. Our results may provide some help for people to study the nonlinear characteristics of magnetic materials.
We investigate precessing and periodic geodesic motions of timelike particles around a black-bounce/traversable wormhole. After obtaining its semi-classic and relativistic periastron advance, we find ...a preliminary bound on the scale length of such a spactime based on the detected precession of the star S2 around the Galactic Center. We also study periodic orbits around it and find that the variation of the scale length can change the taxonomy of the periodic orbits and cause the transition from a periodic orbit to a quasi-periodic one and vice versa.
Burgers-type equations are used to describe certain phenomena in gas dynamics, traffic flow, plasma astrophysics and ocean dynamics. In this paper, a (2
+
1)-dimensional generalized Burgers system ...with the variable coefficients in a fluid is investigated. We obtain the Painlevé-integrable constraints of the system with respect to the variable coefficients. Based on the truncated Painlevé expansions, an auto-Bäcklund transformation is constructed, along with some soliton solutions. Via a truncated Painlevé expansions, certain multiple kink solutions are derived. Via a complex-conjugate transformation, some breather solutions, half-periodic kink solutions and hybrid solutions composed of the breathers and kink waves are seen.
In this paper, a (3+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schif equation in a fluid is investigated. By the virtue of the truncated Painlevé expansion, a set of the auto-Bäcklund ...transformations of that equation is worked out. Based on the auto-Bäcklund transformations with certain non-trivial seed solutions, one-, two-, three- and
N
-soliton solutions on the nonzero background of that equation are derived with
N
as a positive integer. According to those two-soliton solutions,
X
- and inelastic-type soliton solutions are obtained. Via the asymptotic analysis, influence of the coefficients for the above equation is discussed and the interactions between the solitons are also studied. Then, those solitons and interactions are shown graphically.
•A (2 + 1)-dimensional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito system arising in the shallow water waves.•Some X- and Y-type solitons are determined via symbolic computation.•Hybrid solutions consisting of the resonance ...Y-type solitons and solitons/breathers/lumps are derived via symbolic computation.•Some nonlinear phenomena are depicted graphically.
Water waves can be seen in the rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. A (2 + 1)-dimensional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito system, which arises in the shallow water waves, is investigated in this work. Based on the given N-soliton solutions, we develop certain X-type and resonant Y-type soliton solutions via the Hirota method and symbolic computation, where N is a positive integer. We also construct some hybrid solutions consisting of the resonant Y-type solitons, solitons, breathers and lumps. The graphics we present show that the hybrid solutions consisting of the resonant Y-type solitons and solitons/breathers/lumps, respectively, describe the interactions between the resonant Y-type solitons and solitons/breathers/lumps. The obtained results are dependent on the water-wave coefficient in that system.
Studies of the shallow water waves are active, possessing the applications in ocean engineering, marine environment, atmospheric science, etc. In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional ...shallow water wave equation with time-dependent coefficients. Hirota method and symbolic computation help us work out (1) a bilinear form, (2)
N
-soliton solutions with
N
being a positive integer, (3) the higher-order breather solutions, (4) periodic-wave solutions and (5) hybrid solutions composed of one first-order breather and one soliton/two solitons. Moreover, we provide some nonlinear phenomena described by the associated solutions. All of the obtained results are determined via the time-dependent coefficients of that equation.
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs Fenton catalysts to kill cancer cells by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals (OH•). Although many studies on H2O2 ...supplementation have been conducted to improve the therapeutic effect of CDT, few studies have focused on the application of superoxide radical (O2−•) in CDT, which may result in better efficacy. A major concern about O2−•‐mediated CDT is its tendency to induce serious oxidative damage to normal tissues, which may be addressed by using a degradable O2−• scavenger. Here, a harmless‐harmful switchable and uninterrupted laccase (LAC)‐instructed killer (HULK) is constructed, which is the first CDT agent accelerated by LAC‐instructed O2−• generation and possesses a harmless‐harmful switchable effect because of the photodegradation of the O2−• scavenger iron‐chlorin e6 (FeCe6). LAC‐instructed substrate oxidation effectively catalyzes O2−• production with the help of intracellular reduction, thereby promoting the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+, accelerating the generation of OH•, and inducing tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis. The introduced O2−• scavenger FeCe6 is quickly photodegraded during irradiation, while LAC‐instructed O2−• generation proceeds as before, resulting in activatable CDT. This work not only provides the first strategy for LAC‐instructed O2−• generation but also presents new insight into activatable CDT.
A harmless–harmful switchable and uninterrupted laccase (LAC)‐instructed killer (HULK) is designed as a chemodynamic therapy (CDT) agent, which is the first CDT agent accelerated by LAC‐instructed superoxide radical (O2−•) generation and possesses harmless–harmful switchable effect because of the photodegradation of O2−• scavenger Fe‐chlorin e6, showing great potential as a safe and effective CDT agent.
Oxygen plays an essential role in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, hypoxia inside tumors severely attenuates the therapeutic effect of PDT. To address this issue, a novel strategy ...is reported for cutting off the oxygen consumption pathway by using sub‐50 nm dual‐drug nanoparticles (NPs) to attenuate the hypoxia‐induced resistance to PDT and to enhance PDT efficiency. Specifically, dual‐drug NPs that encapsulate photosensitizer (PS) verteporfin (VER) and oxygen‐regulator atovaquone (ATO) with sub‐50 nm diameters can penetrate deep into the interior regions of tumors and effectively deliver dual‐drug into tumor tissues. Then, ATO released from NPs efficiently reduce in advance cellular oxygen consumption by inhibition of mitochondria respiratory chain and further heighten VER to generate greater amounts of 1O2 in hypoxic tumor. As a result, accompanied with the upregulated oxygen content in tumor cells and laser irradiation, the dual‐drug NPs exhibit powerful and overall antitumor PDT effects both in vitro and in vivo, and even tumor elimination. This study presents a potential appealing clinical strategy in photodynamic eradication of tumors.
A novel strategy for reducing oxygen consumption to attenuate the hypoxia‐induced resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using sub‐50 nm dual‐drug nanoparticles (ATO/VER NPs) is described. ATO has the ability of alleviating hypoxic regions and can eliminate tumors by enhancing PDT, which provides a valuable reference for research on targeted treatment of hypoxic tumor tissues.
Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) has become one of the important diagnostic assist methods in clinical cardiovascular domain. Long-term ECG is primarily used for the detection of various ...cardiovascular diseases that are caused by various cardiac arrhythmia such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. In the past few years, the development of an automatic heartbeat classification method has been a challenge. With the accumulation of medical data, personalized heartbeat classification of a patient has become possible. For the long-term data accumulation method, such as the holter, it is difficult to obtain the analysis results in a short time using the original method of serial design. The pressure to develop a personalized automatic classification model is high. To solve these challenges, this paper implemented a parallel general regression neural network (GRNN) to classify the heartbeat, and achieved a 95% accuracy according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. We designed an online learning program to form a personalized classification model for patients. The achieved accuracy of the model is 88% compared to the specific ECG data of the patients. The efficiency of the parallel GRNN with GTX780Ti can improve by 450 times.
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