This study aimed to elucidate virus, host and environmental dynamics of Vietnamese H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) during 2014-2017. Epidemiologically, H5 HPAIVs were frequently ...detected in apparently healthy domestic and Muscovy ducks and therefore these are preferred species for H5 HPAIV detection in active surveillance. Virologically, clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs were predominant and exhibited distinct phylogeographic evolution. Clade 2.3.2.1c viruses clustered phylogenetically in North, Central and South regions, whilst clade 2.3.4.4 viruses only detected in North and Central regions formed small groups. These viruses underwent diverse reassortment with existence of at least 12 genotypes and retained typical avian-specific motifs. These H5 HPAIVs exhibited large antigenic distance from progenitor viruses and commercial vaccines currently used in poultry. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis inferred that clade 2.3.2.1c viruses detected during 2014-2017 were likely descended from homologous clade viruses imported to Vietnam previously and/or preexisting Chinese viruses during 2012-2013. Vietnamese clade 2.3.4.4 viruses closely shared genetic traits with contemporary foreign spillovers, suggesting that there existed multiple transboundary virus dispersals to Vietnam. This study provides insights into the evolution of Vietnamese H5 HPAIVs and highlights the necessity of strengthening control measures such as, preventive surveillance and poultry vaccination.
•Simple liquid-phase exfoliated method to fabricate few-layered MoS2 nanosheets.•Significant NO2 sensing performance of the sensor based on exfoliated MoS2 compared to that based on bulk MoS2.•The ...sensor based on the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets indicates the highest response of about 8 times to 5 ppm at RT.•The exfoliated MoS2 nanosheet sensor shows good NO2 selectivity, ultra-low detection limit, good short- and long-term stability.
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Gas sensors based on the bulk MoS2 and exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets, were fabricated by the probe ultrasonic vibration followed by the drop-casting method. The sensing performance of the sensor based on the exfoliated MoS2 was much higher than that based on the bulk MoS2. The exfoliated MoS2 sensor showed highest gas response of approximately eight times to 5 ppm NO2 at room temperature. This fabricated sensor showed a good NO2 selectivity, ultra-low detection limit, and good short- and long-term stability.
Features such as surface-to-volume ratio, sensitive surface, and bandgap vary with the number of material layers of semiconductor two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with superior responsivity at room temperature (RT) and their possible application as flexible electronic devices. Herein, a significant enhancement of NO2 gas sensing properties of few-layered MoS2 nanosheets exfoliated from bulk MoS2 through a simple sonication probe was reported. The gas responses of the sensor based on the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets to 0.5–5 ppm NO2 at RT were as high as 5.3–8 times. At RT, the humidity effect to the performance of the exfoliated MoS2 sensor was insignificant. The exfoliated MoS2 sensor also exhibited an ultra-low detection limit of 27 ppb, excellent selectivity, and reliable long-term stability within 8 weeks, which are crucial for future application of the sensor in practical devices. The NO2 sensing mechanism of the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets was discussed in detail.
In this study, novel biogenic silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were developed using a green approach with Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract. The optimization of synthesis conditions for the ...best outcomes was conducted. The prepared materials were characterized and their applicability in catalysis, antibacterial and chemical sensing was comprehensively evaluated. The GL-AgNPs crystals were formed in a spherical shape with an average diameter of 50 nm, while GL-AuNPs exhibited multi-shaped structures with sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm. As a catalyst, the synthesized nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic activity (>98% in 9 min) and reusability (>95% after five recycles) in converting 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. As an antimicrobial agent, GL-AuNPs were low effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, while GL-AgNPs expressed strong antibacterial activity against all the tested strains. The highest growth inhibition activity of GL-AgNPs was observed against B. subtilis (14.58 ± 0.35 mm), followed by B. cereus (13.8 ± 0.52 mm), P. aeruginosa (12.38 ± 0.64 mm), E. coli (11.3 ± 0.72 mm), and S. aureus (10.41 ± 0.31 mm). Besides, GL-AgNPs also demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity in the colorimetric detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 1.85 nM. Due to the suitable thickness of the protective organic layer and the appropriate particle size, GL-AgNPs validated the triple role as a high-performance catalyst, antimicrobial agent, and nanosensor for environmental monitoring and remediation.
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•Biogenic AgNPs and AuNPs were prepared using Ganoderma lucidum extract.•Both MNPs possessed excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.•AgNPs showed strong antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains.•The AgNPs-based probe can accurately determine Fe3+ in water with LOD of 1.85 nM.
Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task that assigns each document to the most relevant subset of class labels. Previous works usually ignored the correlation and semantics of labels ...resulting in information loss. To deal with this problem, we propose a new model that explores label dependencies and semantics by using graph convolutional networks (GCN). Particularly, we introduce an efficient correlation matrix to model label correlation based on occurrence and co-occurrence probabilities. To enrich the semantic information of labels, we design a method to use external information from Wikipedia for label embeddings. Correlated label information learned from GCN is combined with fine-grained document representation generated from another sub-net for classification. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our model outweighs prior state-of-the-art methods. Ablation studies also show several aspects of the proposed model. Our code is available at
https://github.com/chiennv2000/LR-GCN
.
Lithium-ion batteries lay the foundation for satisfying the fast-growing demand of portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, due to the complexity of material syntheses, high fabrication ...temperature condition, and toxic gas emission, high volume manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries is still challenging. Here, we propose a modified coprecipitation method to synthesize Li
Ni
Mn
Co
O
(NMC622-MCP) as a cathode material in a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach. We demonstrate that the proposed method can be operated in a lower temperature environment, with respect to the requirement of conventional synthesis methods. Furthermore, only CO
gas is emitted during synthesis. We also employed first-principles simulations to evaluate the crystallinity of the synthesized materials via X-ray diffractometer patterns. During charge/discharge processes, the obtained cathode materials induce outstanding electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacity of up to 206.9 mAh g
at 0.05 C and a retention capacity of 83.22% after 100 cycles. Thus, the simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly electrochemical performance of the newly acquired material envisages the modified coprecipitation method as a promising tool to manufacture cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
The impact of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) has been confirmed mainly in farms. Unlike apparent losses caused by the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), the LPAI impact has been ...hardly evaluated due to underestimating its spread and damage. In 2019, a questionnaire study was conducted in southern Vietnam to identify the specific risk factors of LPAI virus (LPAIV) circulation and to find associations between husbandry activities and LPAI prevalence. A multilevel regression analysis indicated that keeping Muscovy ducks during farming contributed to LPAIV positivity Odds ratio=208.2 (95% confidence interval: 13.4–1.1 × 104). In cluster analysis, farmers willing to report avian influenza (AI) events and who agreed with the local AI control policy had a slightly lower risk for LPAIV infection although there was no significance in the correlation between farmer characteristics and LPAI occurrence. These findings indicated that keeping Muscovy ducks without appropriate countermeasures might increase the risk of LPAIV infection. Furthermore, specific control measures at the local level are effective for LPAIV circulation, and the improvement of knowledge about biosecurity and attitude contributes to reducing LPAI damage.
Health is gold, and good health is a matter of survival for humanity. The development of the healthcare industry aligns with the development of humans throughout history. Nowadays, along with the ...strong growth of science and technology, the medical domain in general and the healthcare industry have achieved many breakthroughs, such as remote medical examination and treatment applications, pandemic prediction, and remote patient health monitoring. The advent of 5th generation communication networks in the early 2020s led to the Internet of Things concept. Moreover, the 6th generation communication networks (so-called 6G) expected to launch in 2030 will be the next revolution of the IoT era, and will include autonomous IoT systems and form a series of endogenous intelligent applications that serve humanity. One of the domains that receives the most attention is smart healthcare. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive survey of IoT-based technologies and solutions in the medical field. Then, we propose an all-in-one computing architecture for real-time IoHT applications and present possible solutions to achieving the proposed architecture. Finally, we discuss challenges, open issues, and future research directions. We hope that the results of this study will serve as essential guidelines for further research in the human healthcare domain.
Vaginal candidiasis is frequent in women of reproductive age. Accurate identification Candida provides helpful information for successful therapy and epidemiology study; however, there are very ...limited data from the Vietnam have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, species distribution of yeast causing vaginal discharge and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida albicans among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Vaginal discharge samples were collected from 462 women of reproductive age in Hanoi, Vietnam between Sep 2019 and Oct 2020. Vaginal swabs from these patients were examined by direct microscopic examination (10% KOH). CHROMagarTM Candida medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.5 g/l) were used to isolate yeast, and species identification was performed using morphological tests and molecular tools (PCR and sequencing). Antifungal susceptibility testing was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3 and M27-S4). The prevalence of vaginal yeast colonization in non-pregnant women was 51.3% of 462 participants. Nine different yeast species were identified. Among these isolates, C. albicans (51.37%) was the most frequent, followed by C. parapsilosis (25.88%), C. glabrata (11.37%), C. tropicalis (4.31%), C. krusei (3.92%), C. africana (1.57%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.78%), C. nivariensis (1 isolates, 0.39%), and C. lusitaniae (1 isolates, 0.39%), respectively. Among C. albicans, all 46 isolates were 100% susceptible to micafungin, caspofungin, and miconazole. The susceptibility rates to amphotericine B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were 95.65, 91.30, 91.30, 82.61 and 86.95%, respectively. The prevalence of VVC among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Vietnam was higher than many parts of the world. The high frequency of non-albicans Candida species, which were often more resistant to antifungal agents, was a notable feature. Resistance rates of vaginal C. albicans isolates to antifungal agents was low. Our findings suggest that continued surveillance of changes in species distribution and susceptibility to antifungals should be routinely screened and treated.
This paper shows a study on the dynamic response of the vibro-impact capsule moving up on the inclined track and under stochatistic slopes. The mathematical model of the system in moving up situation ...was developed and experimentally verified at three inclined angles, five levels of the magnitude excitation, and two preset friction magnitude, by means of the relative motion and the progression rate. The dimensionless model was then further established and used to examine the performance and dynamic behavior of the system. The results revealed that the slope angle, the environment friction, the excitation magnitude and frequency, all have significant effects on the moving-up ability and the dynamic response of the system. It is able to find the situation of the best forward progression where the dynamic response changed. The effect of random perturbation of the inclined angle on the system when moving to altered positions on its path was then examined. It was found that increasing the variation range will degrade the system progression and widen the distribution range of the relative velocity. The results would be useful for further studies on the design and operation of vibro-impact capsubots in various stochastic conditions.
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•The green synthesis of silver nanozyme were first prepared by Gleditsia australis fruit.•Peroxidase-like activity was performed for TMB-H2O2 sensing system.•Detection of glucose was ...performed via oxidation of TMB.•Detection of ascorbic acid was performed via reduction of ox-TMB.
In this study, a simple, eco-friendly and low-cost approach was used to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous extract of Gleditsia australis (GA) fruit. The nanoparticles synthesized in the optimal condition have an average size of 14 nm. The peroxidase-like activity of GA-AgNP in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. Further, optimal conditions for the use of peroxidase-like catalytic activity in sensing applications were identified. The colourimetric detection of H2O2 showed a linear range of 1–8 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 mM. The oxidation of TMB (red-TMB) enables the detection of glucose, which is converted into H2O2 and gluconic acid in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The observations showed linearity from 0.05 to 1.5 mM with a LOD of 0.038 mM. Moreover, the blue colour of oxidized TMB (ox-TMB) was reduced according to ascorbic acid (AA) concentration, with a linear range of 0.03–0.14 mM and a LOD of 3.0 μM. The practical use of the sensing system for the detection of AA was studied using real fruit juice and showed good sensitivity. Hence, the easy-to-use peroxidase-like sensor provides a new platform for the detection of bioactive compounds in biological systems.
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