Abstract
Climate change has an impact on soybean production in the USA, necessitating thorough impact studies across broad geographic areas and extended periods to develop appropriate coping ...strategies. This study investigates the simulated response of soybean in ten major soybean-growing states of the USA under Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 based on multiple global climate models, two representative concentration pathways RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 under rainfed and irrigated conditions for 2013–2039, 2043–2069, 2063–2099. The future climate series was developed using Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project protocol by applying mean and variability, and CROPGRO-soybean model was explored for soybean simulation under 400 ppm CO
2
level and a set of management. Under future climate, intense changes in temperature, precipitation amount and variability are anticipated under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5. As a result, a shorter life cycle, more evapotranspiration, lower grain production, higher water consumption and water productivity were expected under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 scenarios. A higher reduction in grain yield and water productivity is expected under rainfed than irrigated conditions and intensity increases with advancement towards end of the century. Irrigation tends to decrease adverse climate change effects; however, the marginal economy for irrigation water must be assessed. Since the northern states under study are likely to experience increased grain yields or lower negative impacts, these areas could be the major production zones for soybean production in the future if only climate change is taken into account. Before reaching a convincing conclusion, different adaptation strategies must be thoroughly investigated.
The patient believes in adherence to medication rather than to self-care adherence and lifestyle changes for the management of diabetes. This study was carried out to establish the association of ...self-care adherence and their barriers in poor glycemic control in our diabetic population.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 already diagnosed diabetes outpatients attended in our two hospitals. Glycaemic control was defined by levels of HbA
Socio-demographic data, lifestyle variables and anthropometric measurements were recorded using a standard questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose, HbA
and lipid profiles were estimated using the manufacturer's guideline. Student's
-test and one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between different groups and the correlation was established by Spearman correlation. Risk factors associated with poor glycaemic control were verified by logistic regression analysis.
The mean HbA
of the study population was 7.4±1.3% and 65.4% had poor glycaemic control with mean 8.0±1.1%. Higher HbA
levels were significantly associated with duration of diabetes, a number of drugs used, patient-physician relationship and knowledge about diabetes. The poor glycaemic control was significantly associated with low adherence of following the meal plan, regular medication and regular exercising (p<0.001). Among all the barriers, a too busy schedule for following the meal plan, taking medications and exercising regularly was significantly correlated with HbA1c levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed irregular meal plan (OR=5.27), irregular exercise (OR=2.25), number of medication used (OR= 0.19) and lesser extent patient-physician relationship (OR=2.68) were independent risk factors for poor glycaemic control.
The poor glycaemic control was associated with poor adherence to self-care adherence and their barriers in our diabetic population. Integrated knowledge on diabetes management should be targeted to improve glycaemic control in our communities.
Evidence on workplace safety and health promotion interventions shows that the interventions have failed to demonstrate substantial benefits for seafarers. It is therefore important to explore what ...is the evidence of interventions with empowering elements regarding seafarers’ safety and health. This study aims to examine what is known about health promotion interventions in a maritime setting and whether they include an empowerment perspective. And secondly, what were the effects of these efforts.
We systematically searched PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information/Web of Science (ISI/WOS), and SCOPUS up to July 2022 by using standard keywords including empowerment in the maritime setting. Data extraction was done by three independent reviewers. The quality of included studies was assessed by using the critical appraisal checklists from Joanna Briggs institute.
From 3313 studies initially identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Interventions covered a wide range of topics such as educational interventions on safety, first aid training, weight management, healthy eating, sexual harassment, alcohol abuse, and cancer prevention training. None of the studies applied a specific theory or definitions of empowerment even though their aim was to increase seafarers’ empowerment in these areas.
The studies focused on improving the safety and health status of the seafarers, however, they had no explicit focus on participation and empowerment. Increasing research with an empowerment approach in maritime sector is recommended to enhance the feasibility and success of the programs in this hard-to-reach occupation.
Systematic review registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42021260098.
•Interventions in maritime settings included mainly improving diet and safety skills, and reducing injuries.•Studies lacked specific theories or definitions on empowerment, despite aiming to increase competencies and skills.•Research on the empowerment of female seafarers was absent in the literature.•Top-down planning and implementation programs compromised the skills and competencies training of seafarers.
The widespread dissemination of unhealthy dietary habits, childhood-teenage obesity, and sedentary lifestyle in young adults has paved the way for public health burden metabolic syndrome and early ...onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome and diabetes among young adult students.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of age group (18 to 25 years) studying at Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences and Central Institute of Science and Technology. The diabetes risk score of each individual was calculated by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC tool). Independent risk factors for diabetes and metabolic syndrome were measured by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.
A total of 825 students were recruited and 739 (89.6%) students completed the study with all the fulfilled criteria. The metabolic syndrome (Harmonized Joint Scientific Statement (HJSS) criteria) was present in 7.1%, and the most prevalent defining component was low HDL-C (78%); 74.8% of students were under low risk, 22.18% were at slightly elevated risk, 2.02% were at moderate risk, and 1.01% were at high risk of diabetes. The cardiometabolic risk factors like BMI, TC, and LDL-C were higher at a significant level (p<0.001) with an increased diabetes risk score. Independent lifestyle risk factor for metabolic syndrome was current smoking (AOR, 4.49, 95% CI 1.38-14.62) whereas, an independent lifestyle risk factor for diabetes was low adherence to physical exercise (AOR, 4.81, 95% CI, 2.90-7.99).
Metabolic syndrome is present, although in low numbers in young adults putting them at risk to develop diabetes in the near future. Early assessment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes risk in young may provide insights for preventive and control plans for risk population.
Direct and indirect costs of nephrolithiasis in an employed population: Opportunity for disease management?
More than 5% of the United States population has been diagnosed with nephrolithiasis and ...about one half of (first-time) stone formers will have a recurrence within 5 years. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is concentrated among working age adults, yet little prior work has examined the economic burden of the disease on employers and their employees. We sought to estimate the direct and indirect costs of nephrolithiasis for working age adults (18-64) with employer-provided insurance.
This was an observational study using retrospective claims data. Detailed medical and pharmacy claims from 25 large employers and absentee data from a subset of firms were used to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with nephrolithiasis in a privately insured, nonelderly population. Multivariate regression models were used to predict health care expenditures for persons with and without the condition, controlling for differences in patient (health status) and plan characteristics.
More than 1% of working-age adults were treated for nephrolithiasis in 2000. Prevalence was considerably higher among men and employees age 55 to 64. About one third of employees treated for nephrolithiasis in 2000 missed work due to the condition, with an average work loss for the entire treated population of 19 hours per person. Conditional on receiving treatment, the incremental costs of nephrolithiasis were $3,494 per person in 2000.
The direct and indirect costs of nephrolithiaisis are substantial among working-age adults. Interventions that prevent recurrence among known stone formers may be a cost-effective component of disease management programs.
Silver chalcogenide based memristor devices Oblea, A S; Timilsina, A; Moore, D ...
The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN),
2010-July
Conference Proceeding
Open access
We have fabricated two-terminal chalcogenide-based devices containing Ge 2 Se 3 and Ag that function as memristors. These devices have been electrically characterized at room temperature using ...quasi-static DC methods, AC sinusoidal methods, and AC pulse testing methods. In all cases, the devices exhibit memristive behavior.
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