is a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen, which causes respiratory and urinary tract infections. Its prevalence increases gradually in the clinical setup. Carbapenems (beta-lactam) are most ...effective antibiotics till now against
, but the development of resistance against it may lead to high mortality. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop an alternative drug against
. In the present study, we have synthesized ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Prepared ZnO-NPs have the size of 30 nm and have different characteristics of ZnO-NPs. Growth kinetics and disk diffusion assay showed that ZnO-NP demonstrated good antibacterial activity against carbapenem resistant
. We have also investigated the mechanism of action of ZnO-NPs on the carbapenem resistant strain of
. The proposed mechanism of action of ZnO involves the production of reactive oxygen species, which elevates membrane lipid peroxidation that causes membrane leakage of reducing sugars, DNA, proteins, and reduces cell viability. These results demonstrate that ZnO-NP could be developed as alternative therapeutics against
.
A special class of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high mobility of >
65
cm
2
V
−
1
s
−
1
allows film resistivity in the low 10
−
4
Ω
cm range and a high transparency of >
80% over a wide ...spectrum, from 300
nm to beyond 1500
nm. This exceptional coincidence of desirable optical and electrical properties provides opportunities to improve the performance of opto-electronic devices and opens possibilities for new applications. Strategies to attain high mobility (HM) TCO materials as well as the current status of such materials based on indium and cadmium containing oxides are presented. Various concepts used to understand the underlying mechanisms for high mobility in HMTCO films are discussed. Examples of HMTCO layers used as transparent electrodes in thin film solar cells are used to illustrate possible improvements in solar cell performance. Finally, challenges and prospects for further development of HMTCO materials are discussed.
Metro trains have non-linear load characteristics, which means that the power sent to them gets distorted. Problems are caused by changes in power, swells, harmonics, and other disturbances. In this ...research, an artificial intelligence-driven control method was used on a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to help reduce power quality problems and improve power quality. Three advanced control methods are built and compared using MATLAB Simulink. Some of these methods are the ANN Controller, the NARMA-L2 Controller, and the PI Controller, improved using the Adaptive Lizard Algorithm. The controls' usefulness is judged by how well they lower the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the source current. The results show that all three AI-based controls work much better than the system that was not paid for. The ANN Controller works the best, followed by the NARMA-L2 Controller, and the PI Controller improved with the Adaptive Lizard Algorithm. These AI-driven control methods can enhance power quality and ensure that metro rail systems run smoothly and efficiently, as shown by how well they work. Modern transportation networks need more advanced ways to handle power quality, and this research helps make those solutions come together.
This report presents a selective overview of the technological status of thin film photovoltaics based on chalcopyrite compound Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGSSe, or CIGSe if the material does not contain any ...sulphur) absorber layers. It is not intended to provide a complete list of all active research laboratories or companies in the field, but rather to show the exemplary state of the art of different approaches that are currently pursued to produce low-cost, highly efficient CIGSe or CIGSSe solar cells and modules. For an academic perspective and to assess the potentials, we concentrated on deposition processes leading to highest conversion efficiencies or of special technical interest. On the industrial side, the absorber deposition method was chosen as main differentiator. Highest efficiency values are given to the best of our knowledge and no claim is made for the completeness of the review of all important activities in the field.
•Technology review of CIGS thin film photovoltaics.•Deposition methods.•Highest cell efficiencies.•Module and sub-module efficiencies.•Industry results.
Solar radiation is a critical requirement for all solar power plants. As it is a time-varying quantity, the power output of any solar power plant is also time variant in nature. Hence, for the ...prediction of probable electricity generation for a few days in advance, for any solar power plant, forecasting solar radiation a few days into the future is vital. Hourly forecasting for a few days in advance may help a utility or ISO in the bidding process. In this study, 1-day-ahead to 6-day-ahead hourly solar radiation forecasting was been performed using the MARS, CART, M5 and random forest models. The data required for the forecasting were collected from a solar radiation resource setup, commissioned by an autonomous body of the Government of India in Gorakhpur, India. From the results, it was determined that, for the present study, the random forest model provided the best results, whereas the CART model presented the worst results among all four models considered.
Electrical engineering; Energy; Applied computing; M5; CART; Global solar radiation forecasting; Mars; Random forest; Statistics; Radiation physics
A set of low cost techniques with realistic potential for direct manufacturing costs reduction were developed in the last five years while the industrial Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 (CIGS) solar cell production is ...based on vacuum processes, which require high initial investment into production machines. The common properties of these low cost techniques are the use of simple and fast non-vacuum deposition methods and the prefixing of the film-composition on a molecular level in a precursor layer, which is chemically and thermally treated to form a high quality CIGS film. The paste coating approaches use premixed inks which are applied by doctor-blade coating to yield solar cell efficiencies of 13.6%, with the potential to reach 15% and more in the next years. The choice of the precursor material has to be made with respect to the used selenization conditions to avoid detrimental impurity phases. A new precursor material is discussed, which allows fast conversion in selenium atmosphere and was used to produce solar cells with 6.7% efficiency. The CIGS film thickness has to be increased for complete absorption of the incident light.
Accurate estimation of harmonics/interharmonics components is a crucial task in the electric power system. The parametric methods available for this purpose like Estimation of Signal Parameters via ...Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) give accurate result but suffer from very high computational burden. While on the other hand non-parametric methods like Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are fast but have low spectral resolution. This paper proposes a Poincare plot-based periodicity filter to detect the presence of interharmonics and then selecting an algorithm based on the requirement of spectral resolution. The proposed Poincare plot-based method has been thoroughly tested for its accuracy by varying different parameters associated with interharmonics components. The method has been tested on synthetic signals as well as experimental validation has also been performed by analyzing the current signal from aeration blower installed at GIFT city, Gujarat.
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