•Carbon nanotubes and Graphene exhibits excellent thermal conductivity.•Hybrid of magnesium oxide with multiwall carbon nanotubes is high performing fluid.•Highest enhancement in exergy efficiency ...observed for multiwall carbon nanotubes.•Hybrid nanofluids perform better than low performing individual fluid.
Nanofluids are innovative fluids. Hybrid fluids are engineered by mixing of different nanoparticles in suitable proportion with conventional fluid, in order to achieve desired thermo physical parameters. In present work, authors have investigated response of flat plate solar collector when conventional working fluid, water is replaced by nanofluids. The selected nanofluids are hybrid of CuO and MgO with MWCNTs with water base. Experimentation performed under varying concentration from 0.25% to 2.0% and varying flow rate (0.5 lpm to 2.0 lpm) for both nanofluids under given ambient condition. Quantitative and qualitative responses of flat plate collector have been observed by energetic and exergetic performance evaluation of the collector. Increase of Bejan number is an indication of system’s quality credit. It enhances productive entropy due to transfer of heat caused by temperature difference and suppresses production of entropy, arises by systems irreversibilities. Findings strongly supports optimum operating conditions for flat plate solar collector are concentration of particles in range of 0.75–1.0% at mass flow rate 0.025–0.03 kg/s. Exergetic and energetic efficiency of collector for hybrid nanofluid are 71.54% and 70.55% for MgO hybrid nanofluid. Under similar parameters exergetic and energetic efficiency of collector for CuO hybrid is 70.63 and 69.11%. Percentage enhancement in exergetic and energetic efficiency of collector for MgO hybrid nanofluids are: 25.1% with respect to base fluid and 16.28% with respect to MgO/water fluid. As hybrid nanofluid MgO performs better than CuO hybrid and closer to MWCNTs/water fluid.
SARS-CoV-2 has ushered a global pandemic with no effective drug being available at present. Although several FDA-approved drugs are currently under clinical trials for drug repositioning, there is an ...on-going global effort for new drug identification. In this paper, using multi-omics (interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome) data and subsequent integrated analysis, we present the biological events associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify several candidate drugs against this viral disease. We found that: (i) Interactome-based infection pathways differ from the other three omics-based profiles. (ii) Viral process, mRNA splicing, cytokine and interferon signaling, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis are important pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. (iii) SARS-CoV-2 infection also shares pathways with Influenza A, Epstein-Barr virus, HTLV-I, Measles, and Hepatitis virus. (iv) Further, bacterial, parasitic, and protozoan infection pathways such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Leishmaniasis are also shared by this virus. (v) A total of 50 candidate drugs, including the prophylaxis agents and pathway specific inhibitors are identified against COVID-19. (vi) Betamethasone, Estrogen, Simvastatin, Hydrocortisone, Tositumomab, Cyclosporin A etc. are among the important drugs. (vii) Ozone, Nitric oxide, plasma components, and photosensitizer drugs are also identified as possible therapeutic candidates. (viii) Curcumin, Retinoic acids, Vitamin D, Arsenic, Copper, and Zinc may be the candidate prophylaxis agents. Nearly 70% of our identified agents are previously suggested to have anti-COVID-19 effects or under clinical trials. Among our identified drugs, the ones that are not yet tested, need validation with caution while an appropriate drug combination from these candidate drugs along with a SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral agent is needed for effective COVID-19 management.
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•SARS-CoV-2 shares Influenza, EBV, HTLV-I, Measles, and Hepatitis virus infection pathways.•SARS-CoV-2 also shares Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Leishmaniasis infection pathways.•mRNA splicing, cytokine and IFN signaling, and ubiquitin are important pathways.•Betamethasone, Estrogen, Statin, Tositumomab, Cyclosporin A are top candidate drugs.•Ozone, Nitric oxide, plasma components, and photosensitizer drugs are also important against COVID-19.•Curcumin, Retinoic acids, Vitamin D, Arsenic, Copper, and Zinc are candidate prophylaxis agents.
Multifunctional and durable nano-coating of titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) on cotton and silk fabric surface has been achieved via sol–gel method in aqueous medium at room temperature. The nanosol is ...coated on fabric surface by pad-dry-cure method using 1% acrylic binder to achieve durable coating. The coated fabrics are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the coated fabrics against self-cleaning efficiency and UV protection is evaluated. The self-cleaning efficiency is assessed against the artificial stain of Schezwan chutney, coffee, Coca-Cola, and turmeric. Maximum stain removal efficiency is achieved with coffee stain with 81.25% and 96.63% for cotton and silk fabrics, respectively, after exposure to 20 h of sunlight. However, tensile strength and elongation of the coated fabrics decrease after the exposure to sunlight. The average size of the TiO
2
particles formulated in the nanosol is found to be about 5 nm which is sufficient for scattering the UV radiation from the textile surface. The self-cleaning effect and UPF of nanosol-treated silk fabric are found to be better than that of cotton fabric. UPF of treated cotton and silk fabric is found to be 53.87 and 61.79, respectively.
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions worldwide, leaving a global burden for long-term care of COVID-19 survivors. It is thus imperative to study post-COVID (i.e., short-term) and long-COVID ...(i.e., long-term) effects, specifically as local and systemic pathophysiological outcomes of other coronavirus-related diseases (such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)) were well-cataloged. We conducted a comprehensive review of adverse post-COVID health outcomes and potential long-COVID effects. We observed that such adverse outcomes were not localized. Rather, they affected different human systems, including: (i) immune system (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndromes such as Kawasaki disease), (ii) hematological system (vascular hemostasis, blood coagulation), (iii) pulmonary system (respiratory failure, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pulmonary vascular damage, pulmonary fibrosis), (iv) cardiovascular system (myocardial hypertrophy, coronary artery atherosclerosis, focal myocardial fibrosis, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy), (v) gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal systems (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, acid reflux, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, lack of appetite/constipation), (vi) skeletomuscular system (immune-mediated skin diseases, psoriasis, lupus), (vii) nervous system (loss of taste/smell/hearing, headaches, spasms, convulsions, confusion, visual impairment, nerve pain, dizziness, impaired consciousness, nausea/vomiting, hemiplegia, ataxia, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage), (viii) mental health (stress, depression and anxiety). We additionally hypothesized mechanisms of action by investigating possible molecular mechanisms associated with these disease outcomes/symptoms. Overall, the COVID-19 pathology is still characterized by cytokine storm that results to endothelial inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, and multiple organ failures.
The bacterial communities in a wide range of environmental niches sense and respond to numerous external stimuli for their survival. Primarily, a source they require to follow up this communication ...is the two-component signal transduction system (TCS), which typically comprises a sensor Histidine kinase for receiving external input signals and a response regulator that conveys a proper change in the bacterial cell physiology. For numerous reasons, TCSs have ascended as convincing targets for antibacterial drug design. Several studies have shown that TCSs are essential for the coordinated expression of virulence factors and, in some cases, for bacterial viability and growth. It has also been reported that the expression of antibiotic resistance determinants may be regulated by some TCSs. In addition, as a mode of signal transduction, phosphorylation of histidine in bacteria differs from normal serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation in higher eukaryotes. Several studies have shown the molecular mechanisms by which TCSs regulate virulence and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we list some of the characteristics of the bacterial TCSs and their involvement in virulence and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this review lists and discusses inhibitors that have been reported to target TCSs in pathogenic bacteria.
In the present work, the mechanical property of banana fiber/glass fiber/epoxy hybrid composite has been analyzed experimentally. For the investigation, first of all, various compositions of banana ...fiber/glass fiber/epoxy hybrid composites are fabricated using a well-known hand layup method. Further, the test specimens are prepared for the density and tensile tests. In continuation, the said tests are performed for the mechanical property evaluation. It was found that the hybridization is good as it decreases the density of the composite without much hampering the strength parameters. Further, the developed hybrid composites can replace glass-epoxy composite in applications where there is a chance of survival of the structure with smaller reduction in strength parameters.
Background. Cardiovascular concerns in hypertensive elderly men, evaluating the effectiveness of a walking football program for targeted health improvement in this population.
Study purpose. This ...study aims to clarify and characterize changes in cardiovascular health due to a 12-week walking football training program in male seniors (60-70 years) with hypertension.
Materials and methods. This study engaged 60 male participants aged 60 to 70 years from diverse regions of Kashmir, India with hypertension. Purposive sampling was used to select individuals who hadn't participated in physical activities for six months. In addition, participants were split into two groups: experimental and control. The study's design and objectives were explained to participants one week before testing. Baseline data was collected a week prior to the 12-week program. The experimental group attended thrice-weekly, 1-hour walking football sessions with 10-minute warm-up, a 45-minute game, and 5 minute cool-down. Assessments were conducted at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. To analyze the data, a 2 (group: experimental, and control) X 4 (time: baseline, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week) mixed ANOVA was conducted.
Results. During the study, the control group displayed a slight decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by week 8, which returned to baseline levels by week 12. Conversely, the experimental group demonstrated a consistent decline in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as resting heart rate (RHR), with a significant decrease observed by week 12. Additionally, basal metabolic rate (BMR) steadily increased in the experimental group over the 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group exhibited no significant changes in DBP, RHR, or BMR throughout the duration of the training program.
Conclusions. Walking football proves beneficial for hypertension, highlighting its public health potential. Research advocates its integration into interventions for community well-being.
Schistosomiasis remains a serious health issue nowadays for an estimated one billion people in 79 countries around the world. Great efforts have been made to identify good vaccine candidates during ...the last decades, but only three molecules reached clinical trials so far. The reverse vaccinology approach has become an attractive option for vaccine design, especially regarding parasites like
spp. that present limitations for culture maintenance. This strategy also has prompted the construction of multi-epitope based vaccines, with great immunological foreseen properties as well as being less prone to contamination, autoimmunity, and allergenic responses. Therefore, in this study we applied a robust immunoinformatics approach, targeting
transmembrane proteins, in order to construct a chimeric antigen. Initially, the search for all hypothetical transmembrane proteins in GeneDB provided a total of 584 sequences. Using the PSORT II and CCTOP servers we reduced this to 37 plasma membrane proteins, from which extracellular domains were used for epitope prediction. Nineteen common MHC-I and MHC-II binding epitopes, from eight proteins, comprised the final multi-epitope construct, along with suitable adjuvants. The final chimeric multi-epitope vaccine was predicted as prone to induce B-cell and IFN-γ based immunity, as well as presented itself as stable and non-allergenic molecule. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics foresee stable interactions between the putative antigen and the immune receptor TLR 4. Our results indicate that the multi-epitope vaccine might stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses and could be a potential vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are the new-generation advanced materials that have excellent mechanical properties, such as high specific strength, strong hardness, and strong resistance to wear and ...corrosion. All these qualities make MMCs suitable material in the manufacture of automobiles and aircraft. The machining of these materials is still difficult due to the abrasive nature of the reinforced particles and hardness of MMCs. The conventional machining of MMCs results in high tool wear and slow removal of materials, thereby increasing the overall machining cost. The nonconventional machining of these materials, on the contrary, ensures much better performance. This paper reviews various research works on the development of MMCs and the subsequent hybrid composites and evaluates their performances. Further, it discusses the influence of the process parameters of conventional and nonconventional machining on the performance of MMCs. At the end, it identifies the research gaps and future scopes for further investigations in this field.
In the present work, a finite element model in conjunction with higher-order shear deformation theory was developed to investigate the eigenfrequency responses of hybrid composite ...(banana-glass-epoxy) flat-panel structures. First of all, five different sets of banana-glass-epoxy hybrid composite plates were fabricated using an in-house fabrication facility. The test specimen for elastic property evaluation was prepared according to the ASTM standard. The necessary elastic properties were obtained by tensile test and utilized in numerical analysis. Furthermore, to develop the mathematical model of hybrid laminated composite, higher-order displacement kinematics were used that eliminates the consideration of shear correction factor. The model of plate was divided into several small parts using 2D nine noded elements. The elemental mass and stiffness of the panel were obtained and assembled to get the global mass and stiffness. The global values were substituted further into the governing equation derived from Hamilton principle. Furthermore, constraints conditions were imposed and the governing equation was solved to get the natural frequency. First, the numerical model's sensitivity and accuracy were checked by stability and validation study. After that new numerical examples were solved and influences of different parameters including hybridization on frequency responses were studied and discussed in detail.
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