Abstract
At present, the attention of scientists is increasingly attracted by the study of the effect of stimulating preparations on agricultural plants. They have a rich composition of macro-, meso- ...and microelements in an easily accessible form for plants, the use of which has a positive effect on plant development and, as a consequence, contributes to improving the quantity and quality of crop production, including in the specific climate of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. In this connection on the fields of Scientific Research Laboratory “Korma” of Samara SAU the work to identify the impact of application of stimulating preparations Megamix in the form of liquid fertilizer mixtures in pre-sowing seed preparation and treatment of crops during the growing season of spring wheat was carried out during five years (2017-2021). The paper presents the results of research on the effect of stimulating preparations on the development of soft spring wheat agrophytocenosis at different seeding rates (4.0; 4.5; 5.0 mln germinating seds/ha). The analysis of the influence of the use of Megamix preparations on the indices of photosynthetic activity of plants, indices of yield structure and yield of spring wheat was carried out. It was found that the use of liquid fertilizers Megamix during seed treatment and in the growing season has a positive impact on the index of photosynthetic potential of crops. This indicator increases with the use of Megamix. It reaches its maximum value in the experimental variants, where seeds are treated with a stimulating preparation Megamix Seeds − 2 l/t, followed by treatment of spring wheat crops with Megamix Profi − 0.5 l/ha (in the phase of tillering (29BBCH)) + Megamix Nitrogen − 0.5 l/ha (in the phase of the flag leaf (39BBCH)), which forms the maximum yield of 3.98 t/ha.
The study aimed to determine the aftereffects of dextrel and paclobutrazol on the seed productivity of sugar beet plants in the year following the treatment and the treatment of flowering shoots. ...Methods. Field research, analytical and statistical processing of research results. Results. The use of drugs of the inhibitory type of dextrel (0.3%) and paclobutrazol (0.05%) in the first year of the culture growing in the phase of formation of 28 and 38-40 leaves led to an increase in root mass, which provided intensive plant growth in the second year of vegetation. Our research results indicate an increase in seed productivity of beet plants in the second year of the growing season with the use of retardants. The use of dextrel by this technology led to an increase in germination energy and germination of all seed fractions. Treatment of sugar beet plants with retardants in the budding phase led to a visible growth-inhibiting effect and slowing down plants' axial organs' growth. The most significant inhibition was observed in first-order flowering shoots, which contributed to forming a more compact bush. The drugs stimulated the growth of side shoots, which lagged in growth due to correlations while forming a more productive type of bush with more side shoots. The use of retardants on sugar beet in the budding phase led to an increase in plants' seed productivity in the planting method of cultivation. Under the influence of growth regulators, there was an increase in the mass of fruit of fractions of 4.5-5.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm. The applying of 0.05% paclobutrazol by this technology leads to improved germination energy and germination of all fractions' seeds.
The condition of the surface of natural mesoporous carbonaceous material shungite has been investigated using the electron microscopy, X-ray phase and microspectrum analyses. The ability to recover ...the adsorption properties of shungite in respect to the extraction of higher alcohols and other impurities from water-alcohol solutions was investigated by the methods of thermogravimetry and IR spectroscopy. The main distinction of absorption spectra of used-up shungite with respect to the initial sample is the absence of absorption by hydroxyl groups (3380 cm
−1
) and significant reduction of the contribution of component at 1170 cm
−1
that corresponds to absorption of phenol groups. It is shown that the heat treatment in argon, with water vapor and in the CO
2
medium results in almost complete removal of sorbed organic substances and the regeneration of adsorption properties of shungite, the latest technique is more economically justified.
The effect of a combination of chlormequat chloride and growth stimulator treptolem (1:1) on the donor - acceptor relationship, productivity, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the ...leaf apparatus of poppy oil plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is studied. The treatment of plants by spraying a combination of preparations during the budding period led to an increase in the crop productivity. The redistribution of the flow of assimilates towards the fruit formation occured due to the increase in the number of leaves, the extension of their life, the formation of a larger leaf surface, a more powerful chlorenchyme and the growth of the content of chlorophylls in its cells. The aforementioned led to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis and gross photosynthetic productivity of poppy plants and cenosis in general. Such changes resulted in a more intense formation of structural and reserve carbohydrates - sugars and starch, an increase in the extent of its temporary deposit in the roots and leaves of oilseed poppy plants. The application of a complex of preparations also led to the formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere due to the strengthening of stem branching, an increase in the number of fruits (pods) - the main acceptor of assimilates in the fruiting phase. The growth of the oilseed poppy yield under the action of a mixture of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was determined by changes in the crop structure. Simultaneously with the growth of the number of fruits (pods), the mass of seeds in pods and the mass of thousands of seeds increased as well. The use of a combination of preparations did not lead to a violation of toxicological standards - the content of chlormequat chloride and treptolem in the seed did not exceed the permitted norms. The growth of the yield of poppy seed oil due to the action of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was accompanied by an increase in the seed oil content. The quality of poppy oil grew mainly due to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in it. It is also established that the use of a complex of these preparations resulted in accumulation of narcotic alkaloids - tebaina, morphine and codeine in the phase of waxy ripeness in the pods. The obtained solid results can be of interest to the pharmacological industry.
Viscosity of Cu–Ni Melts Chikova, O. A.; Tkachuk, G. A.; V’yukhin, V. V.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A,
02/2019, Volume:
93, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The kinematic viscosity of Cu–Ni melts with nickel contents of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 at % is measured. Kinematic viscosity is measured using the damped torsional vibrations of a ...crucible with a melt in the mode of sample cooling. The measuring results are discussed within the theory of absolute reaction rates. The temperatures at which the viscous flow characteristics (and thus the structural state of the melt) change are determined by analyzing the temperature dependences of kinematic viscosity. The patterns of the liquid–liquid transition in metal alloys of the Cu–Ni system that form a continuous series of solid solutions during crystallization are analyzed.
We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0.05%) and Dextrel (0.3%) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic ...apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0.05%) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. The rate of photosynthesis of retardants-treated leaves was lower than in a control, and the proportion of respiratory processes in their carbon dioxide gas exchange was greater. Dextrel and Paclobutrazole differently influenced on the ratio of leaf and mesophilic resistances of CO2 diffusion and concentration of carbon dioxide in intercellular spaces, that indicates about different regulation of assimilation apparatus activity with their participation. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.
It has been established the effect of growth stimulator with auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin compounds complex on the features of growth processes, anatomical organization of vegetative organs, ...productivity of linseed oil plants (Linum usitatissimum L.) and energy efficiency under application of growth regulator. Application of treptolem during the budding period leads to increase in the productivity of linseed oil by the increasing of morphogenesis process of vegetative organs with simultaneous restructuring of anatomical structure of shoots and leaves. The increase in stem diameter due to better development of bark, xylem, thickening of bast fibres enhances the resistance of linseed oil plants to lodging. Stimulator induces enhanced development of the photosynthetic apparatus: formation of a larger number of leaves, prolongation of their active functioning, increasing of chlorenchyma cells size and improving of chloroplastogenesis. The enhancement of photosynthetic productivity of linseed oil plants leads to an intensification of carpogenesis, an increase in yield and an improvement in the crop structure. Treptolem treatment increased the oil content in flax seeds and its unsaturation. The content of residual amount of morphoregulators in seeds is significantly lower than the permissible concentration. Improving of linseed productivity under treptolem as a stimulator of plant development is accompanied by changes in the amount of obtained crop energy, the structure of energy intensity and an increase in the energy efficiency ratio.
We were determined the effect of ethylene-releasing compound Esphon® on the morphogenesis and production process of gooseberry plants of the Mashenka variety. The Esphon treatment of gooseberry ...plants at the budding phase led to the modification of donor-acceptor relations in the plant, which was expressed through anatomical and morphological changes in vegetative organs, redistribution of assimilates towards the berries formation. The linear growth of shoots was inhibited, a more significant number of vessels in the xylem were formed under the drug's action compared to control, while the thickness of the cell walls of sclerenchyma fibers of cortex increased. The consequence of this restructuring was a more intensive accumulation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in annual gooseberry shoots as compared to control, as well as reserve forms of carbohydrates - sugars and starch that indicate a complete ripening of the shoot and is a prerequisite for high frost resistance of the crop. The leaf blade thickened due to the formation of a more powerful chlorenchyma under Esphon interaction. Retardant treatment caused an increase in the spongy's linear dimensions and columnar parenchyma volume - the primary assimilative leaf tissue. Optimization of the leaf's mesostructure organization enhanced the provision of morphogenetic processes with assimilates that caused an increase in the nonstructural carbohydrate content (sugars + starch) in the leaves compared to untreated plants at all stages of development. As a result of such regulation, a more powerful donor sphere increased the gooseberry crop yield, the content of sugars and ascorbic acid in the berries, the accumulation, and redistribution of assimilated flows from the vegetative organs to the fruits.
The microstructure and mechanical properties in submicrovolumes of lead brass of the LS59-1A brand are studied. Metallographic analysis of the structure of the samples under study is performed using ...scanning electron microscopy (EDS). It is revealed that globular inclusions of free lead (1–2 vol %), which are localized along grain boundaries in interdendritic regions, are also contained in the microstructure of LS59-1A brass along with main phases (the α solid solution of alloying elements in copper and β phase—a solid solution based on the CuZn electronic compound). In addition, exogenous CuO + ZnO nonmetallic inclusions and pores are revealed in the microstructure. Oxide inclusions and iron and manganese-containing compounds are localized along the interfaces of α and β phases. Hardness and Young modulus of α and β phases are measured by the nanoindentation method. An insignificant difference between the values of
H
for dendrites of the α phase and the interdendritic space of the β phase is found, which evidences a high degree of homogeneity of mechanical properties of the LS59-1A ingot. A calculation of the additional pressure appearing at the boundary of α and β phases when material is loaded by an external force due to the difference of Young moduli showed that it is 23-fold higher than the external force, which can be the cause of fracturing the LS59-1A ingots during mechanical treatment. These results are discussed from standpoints of modern notions on the metallographic quality-control method of brass ingots in manufacturing conditions.
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies on the effect of humic fertilizer Gumostim and mineral fertilizers on the formation of productivity of spring soft wheat varieties Tulaykovskaya ...108. The work performed allows us to expand our understanding of the effect of humic acid salts in humic fertilizers on the development of spring wheat and give recommendations on methods for their use in order to increase the yield and quality of household products, preserving the ecological cleanliness of the environment. The research objective is to improve the elements of spring wheat cultivation technology under the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, which allow to optimize the conditions of growth and development through the integrated use of humic and mineral fertilizers. Studies have found that the use of humic fertilizer Gumostim increases field germination of spring wheat seeds by 0.8-1.2%, the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.16 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 13%, grain weight per plant by 15%, yield by 0.55 t/ha. Mineral fertilizers increase the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.30 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 36%, spring wheat yield by 1.01 t/ha. The combined use of Gumostim and mineral fertilizers increases the net productivity of photosynthesis to 5.47 g/m2 × day, ear grain content by 83%, grain weight per plant by 45.8%, spring wheat yield by 1.55 t/ha.
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