Abstract Transitioning toward a carbon‐negative direction necessitates continued development and enhancement of existing lithium battery technologies. A key impediment for these technologies is the ...utilization of flammable organic solvent‐based electrolytes, which pose significant safety risks. Furthermore, the recyclability of batteries has not reached the level required for transitioning to a circular economy. Here, poly(ionic liquid)‐based dual network gel electrolytes are reported as safer and sustainable alternative materials. The materials employ both, dynamic (up to 45 mol%) and covalent crosslinking (up to 10 mol%), allowing the fabrication of mechanically stable gels with a high content (up to 65 wt%) of ionic liquid/salt both via thermal and photo polymerization. The dual nature of this network in interplay with other key components is systematically investigated. Mechanical stability (up to 0.7 MPa), combined with enhanced ionic conductivity (surpassing 10 −4 S cm −1 at room temperature) is achieved via the synergetic combination of dynamic non‐covalent and covalent crosslinking, resulting in improved electrochemical (up to 5 V) and thermal stability (reaching 300 °C) by the embedded ionic liquid. Moreover the presence of the dynamic crosslinks facilitates reprocessing at 70 °C without comrpomising the electrochemical performance, thus reaching full recyclability and reusability.
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•Acetylated ursolic and oleanolic acid were converted into amide and urea derivatives.•These compounds were screened in SRB assays for cytotoxic activity.•An ursolic acid derived ...benzyl urea was most cytotoxic for A375 melanoma cells.•This derivative was 50 times more cytotoxic for A375 than to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
Phytochemicals play a vital role in drug discovery, especially for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Thereby, convenient syntheses, high cytotoxicity but also good tumor cell/non-tumor cell selectivity, are called for. An interesting group of phytochemicals is represented by pentacyclic triterpenoic acids and derivatives thereof. Herein we report the synthesis of some ursolic and oleanolic acid derived amides and urea derivatives and the results from sulforhodamine (SRB) assays to assess their cytotoxic activity for several human tumor cell lines. As a result, an ursolic acid derived benzyl urea 16 showed a rather low EC50 = 1.4 μM for A375 melanoma cell while being not cytotoxic (EC50 = 70 μM) for non-malignant fibroblasts (NIH 3T3).
Objectives
Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) problems greatly differing across Europe, and the European Union (EU) faces deep inequalities in MS ...management from country to country. Through the establishment of a European MS Register (EUReMS), an effective action is proposed to improve the overall knowledge on MS and support effective intervention programmes at EU and national political level. EUReMS aims to achieve consensus on its mission and vision, to define existing data providers, to develop models driving future MS health policies and research, to develop an information technology (IT) infrastructure for a data set, to develop a European shared governance and to secure providers' data provision into EUReMS.
Materials and methods
EUReMS is meant to build on a minimum set of core data from existing national and regional population‐based MS registries and from PwMS' perspectives. EUReMS' main partner is the European MS Platform (EMSP) acting in collaboration with associated and collaborating European partners.
Results
EUReMS was launched in July 2011. A Consensus Statement on purposes, vision, mission and strategies was produced in December 2011, and a comprehensive survey on existing MS data collections in Europe has been performed, and the EUReMS data mask is currently being discussed.
Conclusions
EUReMS will represent a tool to provide up to date, comparable and sustainable MS data through an effective and credible register, which will encourage extensive knowledge building of MS, more equitable policies and higher standards in MS treatment and services.
