Abstract
There are few studies examining the association between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the risk of hypertension with consideration for folate and vitamin B
12
as related to Hcy level. We ...simultaneously examined the associations of plasma levels of Hcy, folate, and vitamin B
12
, and dietary folate intake with the prevalence of hypertension. Participants included 1046 men and 1033 women (mean age ± standard deviation: 56.0 ± 8.9 years) in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Dietary folate intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hypertension was defined based on measured blood pressure and use of antihypertensive medication. A total of 734 participants (35.3%) had hypertension. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of hypertension for the highest quartile group of Hcy were 2.36 (95% CI 1.41–3.96) in men and 1.86 (95% CI 1.11–3.11) in women, as compared with the lowest group (
P
for trend = 0.014 and 0.005, respectively). Dietary folate intake was not correlated with hypertension in both men and women (
P
for trend = 0.099 and 0.703, respectively). Plasma vitamin B
12
was positively associated with hypertension only in women (
P
for trend = 0.027). Plasma Hcy level was positively linked with hypertension after controlling for covariates, including folate and vitamin B
12
.
This study aimed to clarify the association of daily physical activity and leisure-time exercise with the risk of dysphagia in community-dwelling Japanese older adults using a questionnaire-based ...survey. We analyzed 3070 participants (1657 men, 1413 women; age 66 ± 4 years mean ± SD) of the Shizuoka and Daiko studies within the Japanese Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. We used the Dysphagia Risk Assessment for the Community-dwelling Elderly questionnaire to assess dysphagia risk and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess daily physical activity and leisure-time exercise. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent association of the amount of physical activity and leisure-time exercise with dysphagia risk. The proportion of participants with dysphagia risk was 27.5% (n = 844) and the risk was significantly higher in women (29.8%, n = 421) than in men (25.5%, n = 423; P = 0.008). Daily physical activity was not associated with dysphagia risk. A greater amount of leisure-time exercise was associated with lower dysphagia risk (P for trend = 0.003) and individuals in the highest leisure-time exercise quartile had a significantly lower odds ratio (0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89) than those in the lowest quartile, even after adjusting for the covariates.
Background: The Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study was launched in 2005 to examine gene–environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, including cancers, among the ...Japanese. This report describes the study design and baseline profile of the study participants.Methods: The participants of the J-MICC Study were individuals aged 35 to 69 years enrolled from respondents to study announcements in specified regions, inhabitants attending health checkup examinations provided by local governments, visitors at health checkup centers, and first-visit patients at a cancer hospital in Japan. At the time of the baseline survey, from 2005 to 2014, we obtained comprehensive information regarding demographics, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleeping, exercise, food intake frequency, medication and supplement use, personal and family disease history, psychological stress, and female reproductive history and collected peripheral blood samples.Results: The baseline survey included 92,610 adults (mean age: 55.2 standard deviation, 9.4 years, 44.1% men) from 14 study regions in 12 prefectures. The participation rate was 33.5%, with participation ranging from 19.7% to 69.8% in different study regions. The largest number of participants was in the age groups of 65–69 years for men and 60–64 years for women. There were differences in body mass index, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep duration between men and women.Conclusions: The J-MICC Study collected lifestyle and clinical data and biospecimens from over 90,000 participants. This cohort is expected to be a valuable resource for the national and international scientific community in providing evidence to support longer healthy lives.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between breastfeeding and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling parous women and to clarify whether the ...associations depend on age.
The present cross-sectional study included 11,118 women, aged 35-69 years. Participants' longest breastfeeding duration for one child and their number of breastfed children were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, and their total breastfeeding duration was approximated as a product of the number of breastfed children and the longest breastfeeding duration. The longest and the total breastfeeding durations were categorized into none and tertiles above 0 months. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia) were defined as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Associations between breastfeeding history and metabolic syndrome or each cardiovascular risk factor were assessed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis.
Among a total of 11,118 women, 10,432 (93.8%) had ever breastfed, and 1,236 (11.1%) had metabolic syndrome. In participants aged <55 years, an inverse dose-response relationship was found between the number of breastfed children and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 breastfed children were 0.60 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.31 to 1.17), 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.87), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.84), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.89), respectively. The longest and total breastfeeding durations of longer than 0 months were also associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome relative to no breastfeeding history in participants aged <55 years. In contrast, all measures of breastfeeding history were not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in participants aged ≥55 years old.
Breastfeeding history may be related to lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged parous women.
The relationship between lifestyle and obesity is a major focus of research. Personalized nutrition, which utilizes evidence from nutrigenomics, such as gene-environment interactions, has been ...attracting attention in recent years. However, evidence for gene-environment interactions that can inform treatment strategies is lacking, despite some reported interactions involving dietary intake or physical activity. Utilizing gene-lifestyle interactions in practice could aid in optimizing interventions according to genetic risk.
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of gene-lifestyle interactions on body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were used. Interactions between a multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS), calculated from 76 ancestry-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, and nutritional intake or physical activity were assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.
The mean (standard deviation) BMI and GRS for all participants (n = 12,918) were 22.9 (3.0) kg/m2 and -0.07 (0.16), respectively. The correlation between GRS and BMI was r(12,916) = 0.13 (95% confidence interval CI 0.11-0.15, P < 0.001). An interaction between GRS and saturated fatty acid intake was observed (β = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.02). An interaction between GRS and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was also observed in the females with normal-weight subgroup (β = -0.12, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.03).
Our results provide evidence of an interaction effect between GRS and nutritional intake and physical activity. This gene-lifestyle interaction provides a basis for developing prevention or treatment interventions for obesity according to individual genetic predisposition.
Although self-rated health (SRH) independently predicts mortality, the biological background of this association remains unexplained. This study aimed to examine the association between SRH and serum ...high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level.
Subjects were 899 participants aged 35-69 years (237 men and 662 women) in the Daiko Study, part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. They were enrolled from 2008 to 2010. Of the subjects, 666 participated in a second survey 5 years later. Lifestyle factors and SRH were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Serum hsCRP level was measured using a latex-enhanced immunonephelometric assay. The association between SRH and serum hsCRP level was evaluated using a general linear model with covariates. We further longitudinally investigated whether higher serum hsCRP level at baseline predicts poor SRH after 5 years using an unconditional logistic regression model.
A higher serum hsCRP level was significantly associated with poor SRH at baseline after adjusting for covariates (p for trend = 0.023). The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for poor SRH after 5 years was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.76-2.78) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP level at baseline with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.033), although the risk increase disappeared after adjustment for other covariates.
The present study demonstrated that poor SRH is cross-sectionally associated with higher serum hsCRP level. However, the longitudinal data did not support the relationship between serum hsCRP level at baseline and future SRH. Further longitudinal studies that include data on mortality and multiple inflammatory markers are warranted to elucidate the possible role of low-grade inflammation in the association between SRH and mortality risk.
Previous studies have focused on the association between poor oral health and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. However, whether toothbrushing and tooth loss are associated with UADT cancer ...risk is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between toothbrushing or tooth loss and UADT cancer in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Multi-phasic, Odontological, and Nutritional Associations in Dentists (LEMONADE) cohort study. From 2001 to 2006, we recruited 20,445 dentists (mean age ± standard deviation, 51.8 ± 12.0 years; 1,607 women 7.9%) and followed for incidence or mortality of UADT cancer through March 2014. Information on lifestyle and oral health was collected by the baseline questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for UADT cancer and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for brushing frequency and tooth loss with adjustment for covariates. During the mean follow-up of 9.5 years, we confirmed 62 incident or fatal cases of UADT cancer. Infrequent toothbrushing (< 2 times/day) was significantly associated with increased risk of UADT cancer (multivariate HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.04–4.37). On the contrary, tooth loss was not significantly correlated with UADT cancer risk; multivariate HR was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.41–2.61) for loss of 15–27 teeth and 1.37 (0.50–3.75) for that of 28 teeth compared to tooth loss of 0–14 teeth. In conclusion, Infrequent toothbrushing was significantly associated with the risk of UADT cancer.
The prevention of hypertension starts with the awareness of risk. Our aim was to construct a simple and well-validated risk model for nonhypertensive people in Japan consisting of basic clinical ...variables, using a dataset for two areas derived from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We constructed a continuous-value model using data on 5105 subjects participating in both the baseline survey and a second survey conducted after 5 years. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow χ
statistic for the entire cohort were 0.826 and 7.06, respectively. For validation, the entire cohort was randomly divided 100 times into derivation and validation sets at a ratio of 6:4. The summarized median AUC and the Hosmer-Lemeshow χ
statistic were 0.83 and 12.2, respectively. The AUC of a point-based model consisting of integer scores assigned to each variable was 0.826 and showed no difference, compared with the continuous-value model. This simple risk model may help the general population to assess their risks of new-onset hypertension.
The association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully investigated. A cross-sectional study was performed on 14,042 men and 14,105 women (aged 35-69 years) who ...participated in a baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. Dietary acid load was assessed using the net-endogenous-acid-production (NEAP) score that is closely correlated with the rate of renal net acid excretion. MetS was diagnosed according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009 using body-mass index instead of waist circumference. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher NEAP scores were associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of MetS, obesity, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for carbohydrate intake or two nutrient-pattern scores significantly associated with MetS. After adjustment for fiber, iron, potassium, and vitamin pattern scores, the OR of MetS for the highest quartile of NEAP scores, relative to the lowest quartile, was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12-1.39). There was no significant interaction between sex, age, or body-mass index and NEAP. Higher dietary acid load was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS and several of its components, independently of carbohydrate intake or nutrient patterns.
Background: Little is known about whether insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and longer sedentary behavior (SB) are independently associated with estimated glomerular ...filtration rate (eGFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), whether they interact with known risk factors for CKD, and the effect of replacing sedentary time with an equivalent duration of physical activity on kidney function.Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association of MVPA and SB with eGFR and CKD in 66,603 Japanese cohort study in 14 areas from 2004 to 2013. MVPA and SB were estimated using a self-reported questionnaire, and CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple linear regression analyses, logistic regression analyses, and an isotemporal substitution model were applied.Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, higher MVPA and longer SB were independently associated with higher eGFR (P for trend MVPA <0.0001) and lower eGFR (P for trend SB <0.0001), and a lower odds ratio (OR) of CKD (adjusted OR of MVPA ≥20 MET·h/day, 0.76; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.68–0.85 compared to MVPA <5 MET·h/day) and a higher OR of CKD (adjusted OR of SB ≥16 h/day, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.52–2.15 compared to SB <7 h/day), respectively. The negative association between MVPA and CKD was stronger in men, and significant interactions between sex and MVPA were detected. Replacing 1 hour of SB with 1 hour of physical activity was associated with about 3 to 4% lower OR of CKD.Conclusion: These findings indicate that replacing SB with physical activity may benefit kidney function, especially in men, adding to the possible evidence on CKD prevention.
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