To assess the performance of the GenoType MTBDR
v1, a line-probe assay (LPA), to exclude baseline resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and second-line injectables (SLIs) in the Standard Treatment ...Regimen of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs for Patients With MDR-TB 1 (STREAM 1) trial.
Direct sputum MTBDR
results in the site laboratories were compared to indirect phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) results in the central laboratory, with DNA sequencing as a reference standard.
Of 413 multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients tested using MTBDR
and pDST, 389 (94.2%) were FQ-susceptible and 7 (1.7%) FQ-resistant, while 17 (4.1%) had an inconclusive MTBDR
result. For SLI, 372 (90.1%) were susceptible, 5 (1.2%) resistant and 36 (8.7%) inconclusive. There were 9 (2.3%) FQ discordant pDST/MTBDR
results, of which 3 revealed a mutation and 5 (1.3%) SLI discordant pDST/MTBDR
results, none of which were mutants on sequencing. Among the 17 FQ- and SLI MTBDR
inconclusive samples, sequencing showed 1 FQ- and zero SLI-resistant results, similar to frequencies among the conclusive MTBDR
. The majority of inconclusive MTBDR
results were associated with low bacillary load samples (acid-fast bacilli smear-negative or scantily positive) compared to conclusive results (
< 0.001).
MTBDR
can facilitate the rapid exclusion of FQ and SLI resistances for enrolment in clinical trials.
Mongolia has the fifth highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Pacific Region, with high rates of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).
To examine the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of ...MDR-TB in Mongolia.
All MDR-TB cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2012, identified from the National Tuberculosis Control Programme database, were included in the study. Cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2012 were further examined using spatial scan statistics.
Few MDR-TB cases (n = 29) were diagnosed before the programmatic management of MDR-TB was introduced in 2006. During 2006-2012, 1106 MDR-TB cases were detected, at an annualised rate of 5.9 cases per 100 000 population. Most (>80%) cases were identified in the 15-44 year age group; 45% were among those aged 15-29 years. Case notification rates were highest in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar, with an increasing trend over time in all locations. Three MDR-TB hotspots were identified, all in close proximity to the Trans-Siberian Railway line. The majority of the MDR-TB isolates were resistant to all first-line drugs tested.
Spatiotemporal analysis indicates likely cross-border spread of MDR-TB along the Trans-Siberian Railway line, with subsequent spatial expansion across Mongolia. The frequency of MDR-TB among young patients with pan-resistance to all first-line drugs suggests ongoing MDR-TB transmission within the community.
The burden of diabetes in Mongolia has risen tremendously over the last three decades, and an individually tracked, national registry of diabetes is lacking. Therefore, we aim to investigate diabetes ...prevalence in Mongolia and analyze some associated factors.
A cross-sectional, nationally representative, population-based survey was carried out in Mongolia. We recruited participants from randomly selected six different clusters for the required 3113 ± 311 sample size. We collected detailed demographics, diabetes condition and medications, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and glucose profiles. Oral glucose tolerance tests were used to diagnose diabetes using the International Diabetes Federation algorithm. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression tests were used to determine associated factors. Age-standardized prevalence rates were estimated.
We recruited 3272 participants in the study between June and October 2019. Crude prevalence rates for prediabetes and diabetes were 10.8% (95% CI; 9.8-11.9) and 11.2% (95% CI; 10.1-12.3), respectively. Sixty-one adults were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Age-standardized prediabetes and diabetes prevalence rates were 9.8% (95% CI; 8.5-11.1) and 10.0% (95% CI; 8.7-11.3) among adults 30 or older. Higher BMI, central obesity, diabetes inheritance, sedentary habitus, and hypertension are significantly associated with diabetes in adjusted analysis for sex and age group.
The prevalence of diabetes has increased at least threefold since 1999 in Mongolia. In addition, numerous modifiable risk factors were associated with diabetes. Therefore, future investigations and programs should focus on combating obesity and sedentary lifestyles and propose dietary recommendations in the context of expanding diabetes in Mongolia.
Budizmin Mahāyāna mezhebine ait “Suvarnaprabhāsa – sutra” (Skr.) kısaca “Altun Yaruk” olarak bilinen eser, İslâmiyet öncesi Türk dünyası özellikle Eski Uygurlar için önemli bilgiler içeren ...Uygur harfli yazılmış mühim bir Budist çevre öğreti kitabıdır. Eser, X. yüzyılda, Çin dilinden Eski Uygur Türkçesine tercüme edilmiştir. Budist çevre eseri olarak Turfan bölgesinde bulunduktan sonra Radlov V. V. – Malov S. E. taraflarından 1893 yılında Leningrad’da (St. Petersburg) neşredilmesiyle beraber ilim dünyasında daha çok tanınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Altun Yaruk’un en sağlam nüshası olarak kabul gören St. Petersburg nüshasının II. kitabının Türkiye Türkçesi aktarımı yapılarak, Moğolca Altun Yaruk’un aynı bölümleriyle karşılaştırılıp her iki dildeki ortak söz varlığı incelenmiştir. Daha sonra Klasik Moğol yazısından Kırıl alfabesine aktarılmış Moğolca Altun Yaruk’un, aslına uygun bir şekilde Türkiye Türkçesi tercümesi de yapılmıştır. Moğolca – Türkçe tercümelerinde kullanılmış olan ortak Sanskritçe, Soğdca, Çince gibi alıntı dini terimler dışında, ortak sözcükler, deyimler ve fiiller dahil olmak üzere o dönem dini gereğince türetilmiş Uygurca sözcükler kavram alanlarına göre sınıflandırılarak açıklamalar yapılmıştır.
