Exercise training in fish leads to enhanced growth, mostly in salmonids, but also in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Most of the published studies have involved juveniles or adult fish, but ...little is known about the effects of exercise on early stages of fish growth. Our study aimed to examine the effect of sustained swimming on the growth of gilthead sea bream fingerlings, by analysing white muscle cellularity and capillarisation. Two groups of fingerlings were compared: the exercise group (EX), forced to swim at five body lengths·s−1, and the control group (CT), maintained under still water flow and showing only voluntary swimming. After 5 weeks the EX group had a significantly higher body weight (CT: 17.5 ± 0.46; EX: 20.3 ± 0.38 g, p < .001) without significant differences in muscle-somatic index (CT: 34.9%; EX: 37.3%). The white muscle of EX fish showed significant reductions in fibre cross-sectional area (FCSA) and fibre perimeter (FPER), by 21% (p < .05) and 10% (p < .0.5) respectively, with no differences in fibre circularity. The number of small fibres (with FCSA <2000 μm2) was significantly (p < .05) higher in the EX than in the CT group. Therefore, the distribution of FCSA demonstrated an increase in hyperplasic processes in EX fish. Total muscle capillary density (CD) and the capillarisation of individual fibres (expressed as the number of capillaries per unit FCSA) of the EX group also increased significantly (p < .05 and p < .001, respectively). In summary, sustained aerobic exercise in the early stages of life of gilthead sea bream enhances body growth, increasing total muscle mass by hyperplasia and determining a more aerobic muscle phenotype by increasing individual fibre capillarisation.
•Gilthead seabream fingerlings enhance growth and total muscle mass under moderate and sustained exercise.•In exercised muscle, a greater number of small fibres base early growth on hyperplasia processes.•Sustained swimming increases white muscle fibre capillarization
Abstract The pandemic and the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine are events that have caused economic instability in Peru. Reason that was investigated on the analysis of the biological ...and chemical characteristics of cabbage fed with compost based on sugarcane residues. The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of cabbage from the adequate dose of compost based on sugarcane residues and distance between plants. It is based on the methodology applied with an experimental approach, for which the Completely Random Block Design with a 4x 2 factorial arrangement was used, which consisted of 3 blocks and 8 treatments that were the combination: F1 with 0, F2 with 8, T3 with 10 and F4 with 12 t/ha and spacing (D1) with 0.30 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows and (D2) with 0.35 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows. The physical characteristics of cabbage were evaluated and processed by analysis of variance, nutrient concentrations in leaves and stomatal density were analyzed. The results determined that T7 stood out in plant height with 41.88 cm, yield with 26.76 tn/ha and T6 in root length with 20.22 cm. In chemical analysis of leaves T1 stood out in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and T4 in calcium, magnesium and sulfur. In T7 stomata density with 977 stomata/mm2. It concludes that at an adequate dose and greater distance that T7 stands out in the concentration of nutrients that are within normal values and high density of stomata; Therefore, these characteristics influenced the optimal biochemical reactions, which obtained good development and yield that differed at 51.39% and 32.17% with respect to the controls T1 and T5.
Resumo A pandemia e o conflito geopolítico entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia são eventos que têm causado instabilidade econômica no Peru. Motivo que foi investigado na análise das características biológicas e químicas do repolho alimentado com composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo foi analisar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do repolho a partir da dose adequada de composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar e distância entre plantas. Baseia-se na metodologia aplicada com uma abordagem experimental, para a qual foi utilizado o Delineamento de Blocos Completamente Aleatório com arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, que consistia em 3 blocos e 8 tratamentos que eram a combinação: F1 com 0, F2 com 8, T3 com 10 e F4 com 12 toneladas/ha e espaçamento (D1) com 0,30 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas e (D2) com 0,35 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas. As características físicas do repolho foram avaliadas e processadas por análise de variância, as concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas e a densidade estomática foram analisadas. Os resultados determinaram que T7 se destacou em altura de planta com 41,88 cm, produtividade com 26,76 tn/ha e T6 em comprimento de raiz com 20,22 cm. Na análise química das folhas T1 se destacou em nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e T4 em cálcio, magnésio e enxofre. Em densidade de estômatos T7 com 977 estômatos/mm2. Conclui que em dose adequada e maior distância que T7 se destaca na concentração de nutrientes que estão dentro dos valores normais e alta densidade de estômatos; Portanto, essas características influenciaram nas reações bioquímicas ótimas, que obtiveram bom desenvolvimento e rendimentos que diferiram em 51,39% e 32,17% em relação aos controles T1 e T5.
A phenomenon that also causes impairment in the received signal strength of the RF signal in satellite links operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, especially in those systems that operate at higher ...frequencies with small fade margins, is the tropospheric scintillation that occurs in the lower layer of the troposphere. In order to estimate the intensity, i.e. the variance between the scintillation amplitude fluctuations, there are several models in the literature, whose accuracy depends on the locality in which the models are implemented. In this Letter, new models are developed for the prediction of tropospheric scintillation that adjusts to localities in Spain, specifically Madrid city, based on measurements of the aforementioned phenomenon reported from Spain and the bios-inspired technique Cuckoo Search (CS). The results obtained, evaluated in terms of the root mean square error, were totally satisfactory, being the most outstanding cases the improved versions of the Ortgies-T, Statistical Temperature and Humidity 2 and Statistical Temperature and Refractivity 2 models.
In previous studies of a genetic isolate, we identified significant linkage of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to 4q, 5q, 8q, 11q and 17p. The existence of unique large size families ...linked to multiple regions, and the fact that these families came from an isolated population, we hypothesized that two-locus interaction contributions to ADHD were plausible. Several analytical models converged to show significant interaction between 4q and 11q (P<1 × 10(-8)) and 11q and 17p (P<1 × 10(-6)). As we have identified that common variants of the LPHN3 gene were responsible for the 4q linkage signal, we focused on 4q-11q interaction to determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harbored in the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 genes, to double the risk of developing ADHD. This interaction not only explains genetic effects much better than taking each of these loci effects by separated but also differences in brain metabolism as depicted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and pharmacogenetic response to stimulant medication. These findings not only add information about how high order genetic interactions might be implicated in conferring susceptibility to develop ADHD but also show that future studies of the effects of genetic interactions on ADHD clinical information will help to shape predictive models of individual outcome.
Background. Similar to poliovirus, enterovirus type 71 (EV71) causes severe disease, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Large ...epidemics of EV71 infection have been reported worldwide. Methods. After recognition of a cluster of cases of EV71 disease, we reviewed records of patients with EV71 disease who required hospitalization at The Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, from 2003 through 2005. The presence of enterovirus was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or viral culture of specimens from multiple sources, and the virus was typed as EV71 using genetic sequencing. Results. Eight cases of EV71 disease were identified in both 2003 and 2005. Fifty-six percent of patients with EV71 disease were ⩽6 months of age (range, 4 weeks to 9 years). All 16 patients had EV71 central nervous system infection. Enterovirus PCR (EV-PCR) of cerebrospinal fluid specimens yielded positive results for only 5 (31.2%) of the 16 patients; all of these patients were <4 months of age and had less severe disease. However, EV-PCR of upper respiratory tract specimens yielded positive results for 8 (100%) of 8 patients, and EV-PCR of lower gastrointestinal tract specimens yielded positive results for 7 (87.5%) of 8 patients. Conclusions. An outbreak of neurologic EV71 disease occurred in Denver, Colorado, during 2003 and 2005. Likely, EV71 disease remains unrecognized in other parts of the United States, because EV-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid frequently yields negative results. EV-PCR of specimens from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts had higher diagnostic yields than did EV-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid. EV71 infection should be considered in young children presenting with aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, or acute cardiopulmonary collapse. EV71 infection may be an underrecognized emerging disease in the United States.
The early identification of seniors at high risk of geriatric syndromes is fundamental for targeting interventions to those who most need them. To date, the predictive value of the Short Physical ...Performance Battery (SPPB) for multifactorial clinical conditions has not been clearly established. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the SPPB could identify frailty and predict geriatric syndromes in community-dwelling older adults. Participants comprised men and women aged 60 years and older who participated in the Health and Well-being and Aging Survey in Colombia 2015 (n=4125, 57.6% women). A structured interview was administered to obtain socio-demographic data which included age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity. The study included the measurement of body mass, grip strength, SPPB, Lawton’s instrumental ADL scale, specific subjective memory complaints (SSMC), frailty phenotype (Fried and FRAIL Scale), and self-reported falls, geriatric syndromes and/or medical conditions. ROC analysis was used to examine the ability of the SPPB test to predict frailty and geriatric syndromes. The cutoff that maximized both sensitivity and specificity for the frailty phenotype was 8 points or below for men and 7 points or below for women. These cutoff values significantly predicted four geriatric syndromes in descending order: mild dementia (♀ ORajus 3.34, and ♂ ORajus 2.79), low grip strength (♀ ORajus 1.98, and ♂ ORajus 2.45), falls (♀ ORajus 1.39, and ♂ ORajus 1.49), and SSMC (♀ ORajus 1.39). In summary, the main finding of the present study was that SPPB score (i.e., ≤ 8 ♀ and ≤ 7 ♀) seems to be a useful measure for identifying the physical frailty phenotype and predicting geriatric syndromes in community-dwelling older adults.
ADHD Endophenotypes in Caribbean Families Cervantes-Henríquez, M. L.; Acosta-López, J. E.; Martínez-Banfi, M. L. ...
Journal of attention disorders,
12/2020, Volume:
24, Issue:
14
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Objective: The aim of this study is to contrast the genetics of neuropsychological tasks in individuals from nuclear families clustering ADHD in a Caribbean community. Method: We recruited and ...clinically characterized 408 individuals using an extensive battery of neuropsychological tasks. The genetic variance underpinning these tasks was estimated by heritability. A predictive framework for ADHD diagnosis was derived using these tasks. Results: We found that individuals with ADHD differed from controls in tasks of mental control, visuospatial ability, visuoverbal memory, phonological and verbal fluency, verbal and semantic fluency, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive ability. Among them, tasks of mental control, visuoverbal memory, phonological fluency, semantic verbal fluency, and intelligence had a significant heritability. A predictive model of ADHD diagnosis using these endophenotypes yields remarkable classification rate, sensitivity, specificity, and precision values (above 80%). Conclusion: We have dissected new cognitive endophenotypes in ADHD that can be suitable to assess the neurobiological and genetic basis of ADHD.
BackgroundCitizen participation in health policy decision-making is an issue of global interest. In Colombia, since 2015, a law ordered the Ministry of Health to establish a technical-scientific and ...participatory procedure to determine services and technologies that should not be publicly funded. The objective of this research was to explore and understand what factors and rationales influence Colombian citizens’ perceptions about which technologies and services should be prioritized to be publicly funded?MethodsA sequential mixed-methods study. In the qualitative case study, we collected information through semi-structured interviews with 46 citizens belonging to five groups (i.e., plain citizens, patients, health workers, healthcare managers, and health policymakers). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, with thematic analysis conducted of all transcripts.ResultsEight themes explain the citizens’ rationale to prioritize health technologies or services that the Colombian health system should publicly fund. Those were: 1) coverage depends on the socio-economic conditions of the person; 2) prioritize technologies supported by evidence of efficacy; 3) coverage should depend on the patient‘s necessity and prescription of the doctor; 4) technologies or services that improve quality of life should be publicly funded; 5) coverage depends on the vulnerability of the person; 6) instead of general rules about inclusion/exclusion, each case need to be analyzed; 7) all technologies and services should be covered because is better spend the money in patients needs than in corruption, and 8) all technologies and services should be covered and the health systems should not consider any exclusion.ConclusionWe identified that citizens’ rationales to prioritize technologies to be publicly funded depend on the patient‘s characteristics, type of disease, type of technology, and features of the health system. Those arguments and rationales for prioritization are coupled and founded on discussions about social justice from egalitarian, utilitarian and Rawlsian approaches.
Abstract Background Muscular fitness and an adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEADiet) have been inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. Aim To assess the independent and ...combined associations of muscular fitness and adherence to the SEADiet on cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. Material and methods A total of 467 Portuguese adolescents (275 girls) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sum of the Z-Scores of Curl-Up and Push-Up tests was used to create a muscular fitness score. Adherence to SEADiet was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. A cardiometabolic risk score was computed from sum of Z-score of triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, HOMA-IR and waist circumference. Results Adolescents with low muscular fitness and low adherence to the SEADiet had the poorest cardiovascular profile F(5, 452) =5.074 p <0.001) and the highest odds of having a high cardiometabolic risk score (OR=4.5; 95% CI:2.1–14) when compared to those with High muscular fitness / High adherence to the SEADiet after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, total energy intake, low-energy reporter and cardiorespiratory fitness.. Conclusions Our findings seem suggest that improving muscular fitness as well as an adherence to the SEADiet could be an important strategy to reduce clustered cardiometabolic risk in youth.
Knowledge of dispersal and spatial dynamics of pest populations is fundamental for implementation of integrated pest management and integrated resistance management.This study evaluated 1) the ...effectiveness of egg white albumin protein to mark larvae and adults of two polyphagous and highly mobile pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (fall armyworm) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (corn earworm) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and 2) the sensitivity of polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (dot blot) in detecting albumin on marked insects. Laboratory and field experiments tested egg albumin as a protein marker, which was detected using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microplate, and dot blot. In the laboratory, 100% of the moths sprayed with 20% egg white solution acquired the albumin marker, which was detected through the last time point tested (5 d) after application. Egg albumin was not effective at long-term marking of larvae, detected only prior the molting to the next instar. Albumin application in field cages resulted in a high percentage of moths detected as marked at 24 h and 5 d for both species. Egg albumin applied in the open field resulted in 15% of the recaptured corn earworm moths marked with most of them collected 150 m from the application area, although some were captured as far as 1,600 m within approximately 6 d after adult emergence.The results indicated egg albumin is a suitable marker to study the dispersion of fall armyworm and corn earworm in the agroecosystem and dot blot was as effective to detect egg albumin as was indirect ELISA.
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