The proliferation of 21st-century learning environments tools has transformed education making it easier and accessible everywhere. Learners and educators of today no longer have to rely on the ...textbook as the ultimate source of information. They use equipment such as mobile phones, desktops and laptops to collect and find the information they need at the same time also use digital equipment such as video conferencing equipment, digital projectors and many more in their smart classrooms. These tools that support and make 21st-century learning environments a reality when they are outdated or obsolete they are toxic. Learners who have used 21st-century learning equipment have been found to have higher thinking skills relative to those who used traditional learning methods. These learning tools are here to stay. In this narrative review paper, the following databases were searched: Google Scholar, Elsevier, and grey literature. This paper reviews the impact of unwanted 21st-century learning environments equipment on the environment and human health and suggests the intervention. Electronic waste is toxic and harmful to the environment and health particularly when not managed properly. Some of the factors that contribute to poor management of electronic waste include: laxer regulation, lack of infrastructure, poverty, absence or limited awareness about electronic waste harmful effects on the environment and wellbeing. This paper concludes electronic waste awareness be part of the curriculum. Regulation regarding electronic waste be in place and enforceable.
Mycoplasma genitalium with 517 genes has the smallest gene complement of any independently replicating cell so far identified. Global transposon mutagenesis was used to identify nonessential genes in ...an effort to learn whether the naturally occurring gene complement is a true minimal genome under laboratory growth conditions. The positions of 2209 transposon insertions in the completely sequenced genomes of M. genitalium and its close relative M. pneumoniae were determined by sequencing across the junction of the transposon and the genomic DNA. These junctions defined 1354 distinct sites of insertion that were not lethal. The analysis suggests that 265 to 350 of the 480 protein-coding genes of M. genitalium are essential under laboratory growth conditions, including about 100 genes of unknown function.
Although there is considerable literature pertaining to IgE and non IgE‐mediated food allergy, there is a paucity of information on non‐immune mediated reactions to foods, other than metabolic ...disorders such as lactose intolerance. Food additives and naturally occurring ‘food chemicals’ have long been reported as having the potential to provoke symptoms in those who are more sensitive to their effects. Diets low in ‘food chemicals’ gained prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and their popularity remains, although the evidence of their efficacy is very limited. This review focuses on the available evidence for the role and likely adverse effects of both added and natural ‘food chemicals’ including benzoate, sulphite, monosodium glutamate, vaso‐active or biogenic amines and salicylate. Studies assessing the efficacy of the restriction of these substances in the diet have mainly been undertaken in adults, but the paper will also touch on the use of such diets in children. The difficulty of reviewing the available evidence is that few of the studies have been controlled and, for many, considerable time has elapsed since their publication. Meanwhile dietary patterns and habits have changed hugely in the interim, so the conclusions may not be relevant for our current dietary norms. The conclusion of the review is that there may be some benefit in the removal of an additive or a group of foods high in natural food chemicals from the diet for a limited period for certain individuals, providing the diagnostic pathway is followed and the foods are reintroduced back into the diet to assess for the efficacy of removal. However diets involving the removal of multiple additives and food chemicals have the very great potential to lead to nutritional deficiency especially in the paediatric population. Any dietary intervention, whether for the purposes of diagnosis or management of food allergy or food intolerance, should be adapted to the individual's dietary habits and a suitably trained dietitian should ensure nutritional needs are met. Ultimately a healthy diet should be the aim for all patients presenting in the allergy clinic.
South Africa (SA) has a well-described shortage of critical care resources and specialists, often necessitating interfacility transfer to meet the needs of patients requiring further care. Previously ...published work has reported high rates of adverse events when transfers of critically ill patients (critical care transfers, CCTs) are undertaken by prehospital providers who lack advanced skills and training.
The upward phase of the South African business cycle that followed the global financial crisis gradually lost momentum from 2012 onwards, resulting in a peak in the business cycle being reached in ...November 2013. The subsequent downward phase has so far lasted for 48 months, up to November 2017. The gradual loss of momentum in domestic output growth was not widely recognised by many economists, judging by consensus forecasts of annual GDP growth. However, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) composite leading business cycle indicator reached a peak in February 2011 before trending gradually lower, suggesting a continued deterioration in output growth. The leading indicator reached a trough in April 2016, suggesting an imminent end to the downward phase of the business cycle, in line with consensus forecasts. However, output growth slowed further with the economy experiencing a technical recession. This paper employs the indicator approach to business cycle analysis in order to establish whether the current downward phase in the South African business cycle could reasonably have been predicted, and also whether the recent strong increase in the composite leading business cycle indicator provided a clear signal that the current downward phase might have ended. The results show that closer analysis of the leading indicator and its subcomponents would have revealed that a broad slowdown in the South African economy was underway since 2012. Also, the recent upward trend in the leading indicator did initially signal the end of the current downward phase in the business cycle in an unambiguous manner. However, the anticipated business cycle recovery appears to have been postponed by idiosyncratic exogenous factors.
Very high energy γ-rays probe the long-standing mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. Produced in the interactions of accelerated particles in astrophysical objects, they can be used to image cosmic ...particle accelerators. A first sensitive survey of the inner part of the Milky Way with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) reveals a population of eight previously unknown firmly detected sources of very high energy γ-rays. At least two have no known radio or x-ray counterpart and may be representative of a new class of "dark" nucleonic cosmic ray sources.
Background
Up to 35% of the population modify their diet for adverse reactions to food. This study described the food choice behaviour of diagnosed food‐allergic (DFA), self‐reported food‐allergic or ...intolerant (SFA) and nonfood‐allergic (NFA) consumers, and explored differences between them.
Methods
Six focus groups with adults (n = 44) were conducted. Data analysis was performed using thematic content analysis.
Results
Compared to NFA participants, DFA consumers were deprived of satisfaction and pleasure from foods, experienced difficulties finding safe foods and had to be organized with eating. SFA participants faced similar problems, but to a lesser degree; their food choices were strongly influenced by emotional factors or health awareness.
Conclusion
Food‐allergic consumers' food choices are influenced by a number of factors that differ to those of NFA consumers. It is therefore important to offer people with food allergies or intolerances advice that goes beyond how to avoid allergens.
We report the detection of pulsed gamma-ray emission from the fast millisecond pulsars (MSPs) B1937+21 (also known as J1939+2134) and B1957+20 (J1959+2048) using 18 months of survey data recorded by ...the Fermi Large Area Telescope and timing solutions based on radio observations conducted at the Westerbork and Nancay radio telescopes. In addition, we analyzed archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and XMM-Newton X-ray data for the two MSPs, confirming the X-ray emission properties of PSR B1937+21 and finding evidence (~4 Delta *s) for pulsed emission from PSR B1957+20 for the first time. In both cases the gamma-ray emission profile is characterized by two peaks separated by half a rotation and are in close alignment with components observed in radio and X-rays. These two pulsars join PSRs J0034--0534 and J2214+3000 to form an emerging class of gamma-ray MSPs with phase-aligned peaks in different energy bands. The modeling of the radio and gamma-ray emission profiles suggests co-located emission regions in the outer magnetosphere.
Purpose
The state of limited resource settings that Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created globally should be taken seriously into account especially in healthcare sector. In oncofertility, ...patients should receive their fertility preservation treatments urgently even in limited resource settings before initiation of anticancer therapy. Therefore, it is very crucial to learn more about oncofertility practice in limited resource settings such as in developing countries that suffer often from shortage of healthcare services provided to young patients with cancer.
Methods
As an extrapolation during the global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed oncofertility centers from 14 developing countries (Egypt, Tunisia, Brazil, Peru, Panama, Mexico, Colombia, Guatemala, Argentina, Chile, Nigeria, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, and India). Survey questionnaire included questions on the availability and degree of utilization of fertility preservation options in case of childhood cancer, breast cancer, and blood cancer.
Results
All surveyed centers responded to all questions. Responses and their calculated oncofertility scores showed different domestic standards for oncofertility practice in case of childhood cancer, breast cancer, and blood cancer in the developing countries under limited resource settings.
Conclusions
Medical practice in limited resource settings has become a critical topic especially after the global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the resources necessary to provide oncofertility treatments is important until the current COVID-19 pandemic resolves. Lessons learned will be valuable to future potential worldwide disruptions due to infectious diseases or other global crises.
The recent Fermi detection of the globular cluster (GC) 47 Tucanae highlighted the importance of modeling collective gamma-ray emission of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in GCs. Steady flux from such ...populations is also expected in the very high energy domain covered by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. We present pulsed curvature radiation (CR) as well as unpulsed inverse Compton (IC) calculations for an ensemble of MSPs in the GCs 47 Tucanae and Terzan 5. We demonstrate that the CR from these GCs should be easily detectable for Fermi, while constraints on the total number of MSPs and the nebular B-field may be derived using the IC flux components.
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