•A new procedure for classifying brain structures described by SPHARM.•Based on functional principal component analysis and stepwise variable selection.•Visualization of differences between groups by ...3D discriminative function.•Excellent performance in terms of predictive power and interpretation.•It has been applied to a novel classification problem in neuroeducation.
A new procedure for classifying brain structures described by SPHARM is presented. We combine a dimension reduction technique (functional principal component analysis or functional independent component analysis) with stepwise variable selection for linear discriminant classification. This procedure is compared with many well-known methods in a novel classification problem in neuroeducation, where the reversal error (a common error in mathematical problem solving) is analyzed by using the left and right putamens of 33 participants. The comparison shows that our proposal not only provides outstanding performance in terms of predictive power, but it is also valuable in terms of interpretation, since it yields a linear discriminant function for 3D structures.
We present an ab initioDFT/GGAstudy on the structural and electronic distortions of modified graphene by the creation of vacancies, the inclusion of boron atoms, and the coexistence of both, by ...means of total energy and band structure calculations. In the case of coexistence of boron atoms and vacancy, the modified graphene presents spin polarization only when B atoms locate far from vacancy. Thus, when a boron atom fills single and divacancies, it suppresses the spin polarization of the charge density. In particular, when B atoms fill a divacancy, a new type of rearrangement occurs, where a stable BC4 unit is formed inducing important out-of-plane distortions to graphene. All these findings suggest that new chemical modifications to graphene and new types of vacancies can be used to modify its electronic properties.
Purpose To determine whether drilling using an anteromedial portal technique during single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction risks creating femoral tunnels less than 25 mm long ...in the clinical setting. Methods Intraoperative measurements of femoral tunnel length in a group of 35 consecutive patients undergoing single-bundle primary ACL reconstruction with transtibial (TT) femoral drilling were compared with a subsequent group of 80 consecutive patients undergoing the same procedure with accessory anteromedial portal (AAMP) femoral drilling. The length of femoral tunnels created through the AAMP in male patients was compared with that in female patients, and the expected likelihood of obtaining tunnels shorter than 25 mm was determined for either gender. Results The mean femoral tunnel length in the AAMP group was significantly shorter than that in the TT group (35.6 mm and 40.7 mm, respectively; P < .0001). In male patients in the AAMP group, the femoral tunnel length was significantly greater on average than that in female patients in the same group (36.8 mm and 33.5 mm, respectively; P = .0001). The shortest measured femoral tunnel was 28 mm long. The statistical likelihood of femoral tunnels created by AAMP drilling being less than 25 mm in length was 0.47% for female patients and 0.1% for male patients. Conclusions Although femoral tunnel length with AAMP drilling is, on average, approximately 5 mm (12.5%) shorter than with TT drilling, the likelihood of the tunnel being too short to allow for suspensory fixation with adequate graft placed within the femoral tunnel is very low. Female patients undergoing single-bundle ACL reconstruction with AAMP drilling have a femoral tunnel length that is approximately 3 mm (9%) shorter than that in male patients on average, but the expected likelihood of obtaining a tunnel shorter than 25 mm in female patients is still less than 1:200, compared with 1:1,000 for male patients. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a professionally prepared educational video on third molar extraction enhances comprehension and retention of general and informed consent ...information. A prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing consultation followed by extraction of third molars in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, University of Illinois at Chicago was completed. At the initial consultation, the subjects viewed an educational video and received specific verbal individual information about their case. A written examination (group 1) was then completed; a subgroup of the subjects (group 2) was selected randomly to complete the same examination at the next visit prior to the procedure. The primary predictor variable was utilization of the video. The primary outcome variable was comprehension of information regarding third molars, assessed by examination scores. The secondary outcome variable was retention of the information, assessed by repeat examination scores. One hundred adults (34 male, 66 female; group 1) completed the examination at least once; 54 (19 male, 35 female) completed both examinations (group 2). Correct responses ranged from 64% to 100% in group 1 and from 37% to 100% in group 2. In group 2, all questions answered incorrectly at the first visit were answered correctly at the second visit, without any additional information being provided. Patient comprehension and retention of pertinent pre-surgical information is poor, despite use of an educational video to supplement the usual verbal consultation. These results confirm those of prior studies and may have medico-legal implications regarding the informed consent process for third molar surgery.
► Language switching in early bilinguals is related to the left caudate and pre-SMA. ► Brain areas involved in language switching in early and late bilinguals are different. ► The left caudate is ...specifically related to the inhibition of the dominant language. ► The pre-SMA/ACC participates in backward switching in early bilinguals.
The left inferior frontal cortex, the caudate and the anterior cingulate have been proposed as the neural origin of language switching, but most of the studies were conducted in low proficient bilinguals. In the present study, we investigated brain areas involved in language switching in a sample of 19 early, high-proficient Spanish–Catalan bilinguals using a picture naming task that allowed contrasting switch and non-switch trials. Compared to the non-switching condition, language switching elicited greater activation in the head of the left caudate and the pre-SMA/ACC. When the direction of the switching was considered, the left caudate was more associated with forward switching and the pre-SMA/ACC with backward switching. The discussion is focused on the relevance of these brain structures in language control in early, high-proficient bilinguals, and the comparison with previous results in late bilinguals.
Wilson’s disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results from abnormal ceruloplasmin metabolism, with copper deposition affecting ...multiple systems. Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) refers to acute demyelination seen in the setting of osmotic changes, typically with the rapid correction of electrolyte disturbance. We present a 29‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with WD 1 year after the onset of extrapyramidal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging performed during hospitalization showed two patterns of pons involvement, which allowed the diagnosis of ODS in addition to WD. Classic imaging findings were observed and illustrate perfectly these two conditions.
A 29‐year‐old male patient presented with a 1‐year history of progressive slowing of movements with stiffness, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging performed during hospitalization showed two patterns of pons involvement, which allowed the diagnosis of osmotic demyelination syndrome in addition to Wilson’s disease. Classic imaging findings were observed and illustrate perfectly these two conditions. We intend to highlight the important role of the radiologists in suggesting unforeseen diseases and the need for combined assessment by radiologists and neurologists in the establishment of proper diagnoses.
Los valles orientales del norte de Salta formaron parte de la frontera oriental del Tawantinsuyu. En el sector de los valles de Iruya, Nazareno y Bacoya la ocupación tuvo objetivos principalmente ...económicos, organizándose un enclave con presencia de grupos jerarquizados. Las principales actividades en este sector del oriente de las Serranías de Santa Victoria fueron las minero-metalúrgicas; entre ellas, la producción de bienes suntuarios. En base al registro arqueológico de estos valles, y a documentación y cartografía histórica, consideramos que las piezas de metal características de estos valles fueron las chipanas. Estas pulseras y/o brazaletes fueron símbolos de prestigio de alta valoración dentro de la sociedad andina--en especial de la incaica. Estas piezas, de gran valor simbólico, sirvieron como elementos de intercambio, como regalos al Inca y a curacas y orejones en festividades, y fueron importantes objetos de transacciones, tanto en tiempos incaicos como durante la colonia temprana.
Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys are materials, whose functional properties strongly depend on microstructural factors such as grain size and orientation, phase fraction and chemical composition. The ...present study demonstrates the possibility of microstructure modification via process parameter variation on a Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. By varying the scan speed, samples characterized by coarse elongated grains with strong orientation along the build direction or by finer equiaxed grains without preferential orientation can be fabricated. Changes in the volume phase fraction of bcc-δ ferrite and fcc-γ austenite are also introduced by selective Mn evaporation. A direct correlation between the generated microstructure and achieved mechanical and shape memory properties is found.
Reversal Error (RE) is a common error in algebra problem solving. This error occurs when students recognize the information in the statement but make mistakes when translating some sentences from ...natural language to algebraic language, reversing the relationship between two variables in comparison word problems. Structural Magnetic Resonance Image (sMRI) data were collected with the purpose of identifying brain anatomical regions related to the RE phenomenon. The aim of the research was to investigate the brain anatomy differences between participants who failed more than 50% of the answers on the task (N=15) and those who responded correctly 100% of the time (N=18). sMRI analysis revealed differences between the two groups, and details about these data can be found in Ventura-Campos et al. (2022) 1. This data set contains the sMRI (raw data, pre-processed images), and an excel file with personal information such as age and gender, the scanner with which their sMRI were collected, and the group to which each of the 33 subjects belonged.
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