We have conducted a monitoring survey and paleolimnological study of a W-E transect of six high altitude lakes (1870-2630 m asl) in the western and central Pyrenees (Spain) to evaluate the regional ...response to current global change in high altitude Mediterranean mountains. The reconstructed Total Organic Carbon (TOC
) and lithogenic (L
) fluxes during the last 1200 years show the expected variability as lakes differ in altitude, geological and climate settings, limnological properties and human impact history. However, all show unique patterns after 1850 CE, particularly during the Great Acceleration (after 1950 CE). Recent L
increase could be related to higher erodibility by rainfall and run-off during the longer snow-free season in the Pyrenees. In all sites, higher TOC
and geochemical (lower δ
C
, lower C/N) and biological (diatom assemblages) signatures since 1950 CE suggest an increase in algal productivity, likely favored by warmer temperatures and higher nutrient deposition. These recent, unprecedented L
and TOC
increases, in spite of their diverse history and limnological properties of the lakes, demonstrate the regional impact of the Great Acceleration not only in the ecological dynamics of alpine lakes but also in the hydrological cycle in high altitude mountain watersheds.
Lake Surface Water Temperature (LSWT) influences critical bio-geological processes in lake ecosystems, and there is growing evidence of rising LSWT over recent decades worldwide and future shifts in ...thermal patterns are expected to be a major consequence of global warming.
At a regional scale, assessing recent trends and anticipating impacts requires data from a number of lakes, but long term in situ monitoring programs are scarce, particularly in mountain areas. In this work, we propose the combined use of satellite-derived temperature with in situ data for a five-year period (2017–2022) from 5 small (<0.5km2) high altitude (1880–2680 masl) Pyrenean lakes. The comparison of in situ and satellite-derived data in a common period (2017–2022) during the summer season showed a notably high (r = 0.94, p < 0.01) correlation coefficient, indicative of a robust relationship between the two data sources. The root mean square errors ranged from 1.8 °C to 3.9 °C, while the mean absolute errors ranged from 1.6 °C to 3.6 °C.
We applied the obtained in situ-satellite eq. (2017–2022) to Landsat 5, 7 and 8/9 data since 1985 to reconstruct the summer surface temperature of the five studied lakes with in situ data and to four additional lakes with no in situ monitoring data. Reconstructed LSWT for the 1985–2022 showed an upward trend in all lakes. Moreover, paleolimnological reconstructions based on sediment cores studies demonstrate large changes in the last decades in organic carbon accumulation, sediment fluxes and bioproductivity in the Pyrenean lakes.
Our research represents the first comprehensive investigation conducted on high mountain lakes in the Pyrenees that compares field monitoring data with satellite-derived temperature records. The results demonstrate the reliability of satellite-derived LSWT for surface temperatures in small lakes, and provide a tool to improve the LSWT in lakes with no monitoring surveys.
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•In situ and satellite-derived LSWT in Pyrenean lakes are highly correlated (r = 0.94).•LSWT has been reconstructed in 9 small alpine lakes.•Average LSWT has increased since 1985 in all studied lakes.•This combined methodology can be applied in absence of in situ monitoring programs.
The population in Mexico has high prevalence rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients in the countries most affected by the pandemic has been ...associated to chronic comorbidities.
To describe the prevalence of NCDs in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico and analyze the increased risk due to comorbidities and risk factors on hospitalization, utilization of intensive care units and death.
A cross-sectional study was performed from 212,802 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the Ministry of Health up to June 27, 2020. Odds ratios were performed using logistic regression model.
Up to 47.40% of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were also reported with a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most frequent (20.12%). The report of at least one NCD significantly increased the risk of death with respect to patients without such diagnoses. Chronic kidney disease increased the risk of death the most (OR 2.31), followed by diabetes (OR 1.69), immunosuppression (OR 1.62), obesity (OR 1.42), hypertension (OR 1.24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.20). The comorbidities that most increased the risk of ICU and of intubation were diabetes, immunosuppression and obesity.
NCD comorbidities increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Given high NCD prevalence rates among the Mexican population, the pandemic poses a special threat to the health system and to society. Special prevention measures need to be strengthened for persons with NCD diagnoses in the short-term. In the mid-term, disease control strategies need to be improved to protect these patients against COVID-19 severity.
Enforced disappearance in Africa occurs on a daily basis and no one is immune from becoming a victim. The practice, which commenced during the colonial times, continues today. Governments routinely ...use enforced disappearance as a tool to oppress the opposition and instill fear among the population in order to retain power. It is also used in the context of migration, as well as in many other contexts and against a variety of victims. As enforced disappearance is a crime committed by State officials with an interest in concealing it, the statistics on its prevalence are limited and do not show the full extent of the crime in Africa. Further, the lack of political will to acknowledge the use of this practice means that many African States lack policies and laws to prevent, investigate and punish the perpetrators of enforced disappearance. In the last two years, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted two resolutions raising awareness of the crime and paving the way for drafting and adopting specific guidelines to address this crime, which would be a first step in setting up a holistic framework to eradicate enforced disappearances on the continent.
Enforced disappearance in Africa occurs on a daily basis and no one is immune from becoming a victim. The practice, which commenced during the colonial times, continues today. Governments routinely ...use enforced disappearance as a tool to oppress the opposition and instill fear among the population in order to retain power. It is also used in the context of migration, as well as in many other contexts and against a variety of victims. As enforced disappearance is a crime committed by State officials with an interest in concealing it, the statistics on its prevalence are limited and do not show the full extent of the crime in Africa. Further, the lack of political will to acknowledge the use of this practice means that many African States lack policies and laws to prevent, investigate and punish the perpetrators of enforced disappearance. In the last two years, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted two resolutions raising awareness of the crime and paving the way for drafting and adopting specific guidelines to address this crime, which would be a first step in setting up a holistic framework to eradicate enforced disappearances on the continent.
Objective: To determine the lifestyle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in rural communities.
Materials and methods: A sample population of 126 subjects with DM2 were evaluated to ...determine their body mass index (BMI), glycosylated
hemoglobin (GH) and a two-phase questionnaire was applied to determine changes in their lifestyle before and after the study.
Results: Initial and final BMI was 26.67 and 26.36 respectively, and GH was 7.74 and 7.33 respectively without a significant difference. The survey
showed that 69.3% of the population has a low self-esteem as consequence of their status of life; 56.5% do not go with their physician; 30.2% do not
have interest in their health status; 39% do not know about their diseases; 34% do not practice any type of exercise; 56.6% is not or just some times
are interested to get a good nutrition, and only 16.2% are conscious of doing exercise frequently.
Conclusions: Cultural factors, sociodemographic status, and knowledge about health, have an impact in the lifestyle of this DM2 population. Is
necessary to develop programs to improve health and lifestyle in patients with diabetes in rural communities.
Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar las creencias, actitudes y sentimientos de estudiantes y docentes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería y Obstetricia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la ...Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala frente a la pandemia del Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y trasversal, realizando un muestreo por conveniencia de estudiantes y docentes de enfermería, a quienes se les envió un cuestionario vía internet, previamente validado que valora las creencias, actitudes y sentimientos ante una alerta epidemiológica. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados en el programa estadístico SPSS v27. Resultados: El principal temor estudiantes y docentes durante una pandemia son infectar a su familia, la muerte de alguien cercano, no contar con la orientación y medidas de prevención otorgadas por las instituciones donde laboran, pero están conscientes del riesgo y responsabilidad que implica atender a los pacientes, dar o recibir clases presenciales, y es muy bajo el sentimiento de ser discriminados al ser sujetos de alto riesgo de trasmitir la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El temor a infectarse e infectar a los familiares, genera un sentimiento de culpabilidad por el riesgo de morir. Estudiantes y docentes están conscientes del riesgo y por eso exigen la orientación y las medidas de protección en las instituciones.
Objetivo: Desarrollar y experimentar un modelo de evaluación de indicadores mediante una herramienta de control de datos, orientado a evaluar la calidad de los registros clínicos de enfermería.
...Materiales y Métodos: La investigación de tipo cuantitativo, aplicativo, analítico, implicó el desarrollo e implementación de una herramienta de evaluación automatizada a través de seis indicadores de evaluación de los registros clínicos de enfermería para examinar cada fase del proceso de atención sustentada en un modelo teórico, que facilitó el análisis e interpretación de resultados en seis servicios, de enero a diciembre de 2018, en el Hospital de Alta Especialidad Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez, en Villahermosa, Tabasco. El estudio fue autorizado por el comité de bioética institucional.
Resultados: Se efectuó el análisis e interpretación de resultados a través de una tecnología con un modelo de evaluación automatizada de los registros clínicos de enfermería, con indicadores propuestos, que permite conocer su calidad, en todos los turnos y servicios, estableciendo parámetros de comparación y de semaforización.
Conclusiones: El desarrollo de un modelo de indicadores de los registros clínicos basado en una herramienta de control, demostró su eficacia, eficiencia y estandarización en la evaluación sistematizada para la mejora del cuidado de enfermería.
Mountain lakes are particularly fragile ecosystems undergoing important transformations associated with ongoing global change. However, the history of anthropogenic impacts on mountain lakes and ...their catchments is much longer, in many cases featuring millennia of summer pastoral farming. More recently, the growing demand for raw materials and energy linked to industrialization, particularly accelerated since the 19th century CE, meant a further increase in human impact on mountain areas. The Cantabrian Range (northern Spain) constitutes a paradigmatic case of southern European mountain range experiencing intense human impact during the past few millennia and particularly the past two centuries. Here, we have reconstructed the environmental dynamics of this area during the last millennium, with a particular focus on the impact of mining, based on the multidisciplinary analysis (sedimentology, biogeochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, diatoms, pollen, charcoal and dung fungal spores) of sediment cores from Lago de La Cueva (43°03'N, 6°06'W, 1550 m a.s.l.). Changing land use and climate have driven lake dynamics during the last centuries. A major fire-caused deforestation event dated to the late 15th century CE increased erosion and the frequency of intense runoff episodes, in the context of the wetter and colder Little Ice Age. The onset of iron mining activities in the catchment ca. 200 years ago had a strong impact on the lake. Sedimentation rates notably raised and mining waste containing hematite and potentially toxic elements (e.g. Fe, Co, As) was washed into the lake. Additionally, diatom assemblages showed that lake regulation since the early 20th century CE severely altered the natural hydrological regime introducing rapid seasonal lake-level oscillations and increased lakeshore erosion, water turbidity and nutrient loads. The recent environmental restoration, finished in 2006, has involved the re-deposition of large volumes of mine tailing. Although some mining wastewater still arrives into the lake because mine drainage is still active, restoration works have succeeded in reducing erosion rates and nutrient loads. Lower land-use intensity has also contributed to natural vegetation recovery, further diminishing erosion. This study illustrates the complex interactions between human activities (grazing, mining, hydropower) and climate change in defining mountain landscape shifts through time. Moreover, our results highlight the usefulness of paleolimnological research to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of lake restoration programs.Mountain lakes are particularly fragile ecosystems undergoing important transformations associated with ongoing global change. However, the history of anthropogenic impacts on mountain lakes and their catchments is much longer, in many cases featuring millennia of summer pastoral farming. More recently, the growing demand for raw materials and energy linked to industrialization, particularly accelerated since the 19th century CE, meant a further increase in human impact on mountain areas. The Cantabrian Range (northern Spain) constitutes a paradigmatic case of southern European mountain range experiencing intense human impact during the past few millennia and particularly the past two centuries. Here, we have reconstructed the environmental dynamics of this area during the last millennium, with a particular focus on the impact of mining, based on the multidisciplinary analysis (sedimentology, biogeochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, diatoms, pollen, charcoal and dung fungal spores) of sediment cores from Lago de La Cueva (43°03'N, 6°06'W, 1550 m a.s.l.). Changing land use and climate have driven lake dynamics during the last centuries. A major fire-caused deforestation event dated to the late 15th century CE increased erosion and the frequency of intense runoff episodes, in the context of the wetter and colder Little Ice Age. The onset of iron mining activities in the catchment ca. 200 years ago had a strong impact on the lake. Sedimentation rates notably raised and mining waste containing hematite and potentially toxic elements (e.g. Fe, Co, As) was washed into the lake. Additionally, diatom assemblages showed that lake regulation since the early 20th century CE severely altered the natural hydrological regime introducing rapid seasonal lake-level oscillations and increased lakeshore erosion, water turbidity and nutrient loads. The recent environmental restoration, finished in 2006, has involved the re-deposition of large volumes of mine tailing. Although some mining wastewater still arrives into the lake because mine drainage is still active, restoration works have succeeded in reducing erosion rates and nutrient loads. Lower land-use intensity has also contributed to natural vegetation recovery, further diminishing erosion. This study illustrates the complex interactions between human activities (grazing, mining, hydropower) and climate change in defining mountain landscape shifts through time. Moreover, our results highlight the usefulness of paleolimnological research to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of lake restoration programs.
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