The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a future gamma-ray observatory that is planned to significantly improve upon the sensitivity and precision of the current generation of Cherenkov telescopes. ...The observatory will consist of several dozens of telescopes with different sizes and equipped with different types of cameras. Of these, the FlashCam camera system is the first to implement a fully digital signal processing chain which allows for a traceable, configurable trigger scheme and flexible signal reconstruction. As of autumn 2016, a prototype FlashCam camera for the medium-sized telescopes of CTA nears completion. First results of the ongoing system tests demonstrate that the signal chain and the readout system surpass CTA requirements. The stability of the system is shown using long-term temperature cycling.
•A full-scale prototype of the FlashCam Cherenkov camera is in operation.•System level testing and characterisation in a dark room is ongoing.•The performances of the data acquisition and the signal chain have been verified.•The system is stable over long periods and robust against temperature variations.
A difficult task with many particle detectors focusing on interactions below approximately 100 keV is to perform a calibration in the appropriate energy range that adequately probes all regions of ...the detector. Because detector response can vary greatly in various locations within the device, a spatially uniform calibration is important. We present a new method for calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors, using the short-lived (83m)Kr. This source has transitions at 9.4 and 32.1 keV, and as a noble gas like Xe, it disperses uniformly in all regions of the detector. Even for low source activities, the existence of the two transitions provides a method of identifying the decays that is free of background. We find that at decreasing energies, the LXe light yield increases, while the amount of electric field quenching is diminished. Additionally, we show that if any long-lived radioactive backgrounds are introduced by this method, they will present less than 67x10(-6) events kg(-1) day(-1) keV(-1) in the next generation of LXe dark matter direct detection searches.
First experience and results with the LHCb Silicon Tracker Fave, V.; Bay, A.; Blanc, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Volume:
617, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The LHCb experiment is designed to perform high-precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of b hadrons. The construction and installation of the Silicon Tracker (ST) was completed by the ...summer of 2008. Here, we report on first results obtained using the data taken during injection tests (‘TED’ run) in August and September 2008.
LHCb Silicon Tracker DAQ and ECS Online Systems Esperante, Daniel; Rodriguez, P; Buchler, A ...
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
2010-April, 2010-04-00, 20100401, Volume:
57, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The LHCb experiment at CERN is designed to perform precision measurements of b quark decays. The Silicon Tracker plays a crucial role in reconstructing particle trajectories and consists of two ...silicon micro-strip detectors, the Tracker Turicensis and the Inner Tracker. The radiation environment and the magnetic field represent new challenges for the implementation of the Experiment Control System (ECS) and the data acquisition (DAQ). The DAQ has to deal with ~272 000 analog read-out channels and real-time DAQ at a rate of ~ 1.1 MHz with data processing at the Trigger Electronics and L1 (TELL1) board level. The TELL1 real-time algorithms for clustering thresholds and other computations run on dedicated FPGAs. After data processing the total throughput amounts to about 6.4 GB from an input data rate of ~ 337 GB per second. The ECS is based on the hierarchical finite state machine paradigm and allows distributed control access and multi-platform use. The ECS is able to control and monitor the detector hardware infrastructure (power supplies, DAQ electronics ...) as well as monitor the environmental parameters. It can also take automated actions on warnings or alarms. Finally a completely independent, hardware based safety system ensures the detector safe operation.
Trigger performance verification of the FlashCam prototype camera Sailer, S.; Werner, F.; Hermann, G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2019, Volume:
936
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
FlashCam is a camera proposed for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We compare camera trigger rates obtained from measurements with the camera prototype in the ...laboratory and Monte Carlo simulations, when scanning the parameter space of the fully-digital trigger logic and the intensity of a continuous light source mimicking the night sky background (NSB) during on-site operation. The comparisons of the measured data results to the Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the FlashCam trigger logic and the expected trigger performance.
LHCb is one of the experiments for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and is dedicated to B-physics and CP-violation measurements. To exploit its physics potential good tracking performance with high ...efficiency in a high particle density environment close to the beam pipe is required. Silicon strip detectors with large read-out pitch and long strips will be used for the LHCb Inner Tracker behind the magnet and the Trigger Tracker station in front of the magnet. We report here about the design of the Silicon Tracker, test beam results and the electrical tests foreseen during production
The LHCb silicon tracker Adeva, B.; Agari, M.; Bauer, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2005, Volume:
546, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
LHCb is a dedicated B-physics and CP-violation experiment for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Efficient track reconstruction and excellent trigger performances are essential in order to exploit ...fully its physics potential. Silicon strip detectors providing fast signal generation, high resolution and fine granularity are used for this purpose in the large area Trigger Tracker station in front of the spectrometer magnet and the LHCb Inner Tracker covering the area close to the beam pipe behind the magnet. Long read-out strips of up to 38
cm are used together with fast signal shaping adapted to the 25
ns LHC bunch crossing. The design of these tracking stations, the silicon sensor strip geometries and the latest test results are presented here.
A vertex trigger based on cylindrical multiwire proportional chambers Becker, J.; Bösiger, K.; Lindfeld, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2008, Volume:
586, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article describes the technical implementation and the performance of the
z-vertex trigger (CIP2k), which is part of the H1-experiment at HERA.
The HERA storage ring and collider was designed to ...investigate electron (and positron) proton scattering at a center-of-mass energy of 320
GeV. To improve the sensitivity for detecting non-standard model physics and other high momentum transfer phenomena, the HERA ring has been ungraded between 2000 and 2003 to increase the specific luminosity for the experiments. In order to cope with the increased event and background rate the experiments were upgraded, too. The CIP2k trigger system is based on a set of five cylindrical multiwire proportional chambers with cathode pad readout, and allows to distinguish between events induced by beam background and
ep-interactions at the first trigger stage. The trigger decision is calculated dead-time free with a latency of
1.5
μ
s
in parallel to the beam clock at 10.4
MHz. The trigger-logic is realized in large field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) using the hardware description language Verilog. The system is operational since October 2003. It suppresses background events with high efficiency and provides event timing information, as designed.
The mechanism of the meniscus oscillations and the stripes formation within the deposited fatty acid monolayer is theoretically analyzed on the basis of a supposition of concentration polarization ...within the solution during the deposition process. The concentration polarization can lead to decrease of adhesion work, dynamic contact angle, and maximum deposition speed under dynamic conditions resulting in meniscus instability. The adhesion work is evaluated from the disjoining pressure isotherm at a given subphase composition taking into account the charge regulation for a fatty acid monolayer. The relation of the proposed mechanism to the known experimental facts and observations is discussed.
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