Heuristic optimization provides a robust and efficient approach for solving complex real-world problems. The aim of this paper is to introduce a hybrid approach combining two heuristic optimization ...techniques, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA). Our approach integrates the merits of both GA and PSO and it has two characteristic features. Firstly, the algorithm is initialized by a set of random particles which travel through the search space. During this travel an evolution of these particles is performed by integrating PSO and GA. Secondly, to restrict velocity of the particles and control it, we introduce a modified constriction factor. Finally, the results of various experimental studies using a suite of multimodal test functions taken from the literature have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach to finding the global optimal solution.
This paper presents an interactive fuzzy goal programming approach to determine the preferred compromise solution for the multi-objective transportation problem. The proposed approach considers the ...imprecise nature of the input data by implementing the minimum operator and also assumes that each objective function has a fuzzy goal. The approach focuses on minimizing the worst upper bound to obtain an efficient solution which is close to the best lower bound of each objective function. The solution procedure controls the search direction via updating both the membership values and the aspiration levels. An important characteristic of the approach is that the decision maker's role is concentrated only in evaluating the efficient solution to limit the influences of his/her incomplete knowledge about the problem domain. In addition, the proposed approach can be applied to solve other multi-objective decision making problems. The performance of this solution approach is evaluated by comparing its results with that of the two existing methods in the literature.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Asthma is one of the most common diseases globally and currently affects 300 million ...people. The epidemic rise in anemia, asthma, and related allergic disease is a common major public health problem worldwide. Asthma and anemia associated with acute infections occur both in children and adults. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was done to find out the levels of hemoglobin concentration in adult asthmatic patients and carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to January 2016. Fifty (50) male and 50 (fifty) female adult asthmatic patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study group. They are enrolled from the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and also from locality. For comparison age matched 50 male and 50 female apparently healthy persons were also studied as control. Hemoglobin concentration was estimated by Cyanmethemoglobin method. For statistical analysis unpaired student's 't' test was used. Mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased in study group in comparison to control group and the result was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study findings showed a high prevalence of anemia among asthmatic patients than non asthmatic healthy persons.
Pregnancy is a great stressful physiological condition in women during their reproductive period. During pregnancy several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological modifications occur as a part of ...the physiological adaptation of the body. Changes in blood pressure occur in third trimester of pregnancy, which may be associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2013 to June 2014. Study subjects were selected by following purposive sampling procedure and the protocol of this study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Mymensingh. This study enrolled 100 pregnant women of third trimester of pregnancy and 100 aged matched non-pregnant women from Mymensingh district. Mean systolic blood pressure in study group were 124.8±14.51 mm of Hg and in control group were 106.50±10.67 mm of Hg, which was statistically increased. Diastolic blood pressure in study group was 83.00±13.37 mm of Hg and in control group 71.05±7.12 mm of Hg, which was also statistically significant. The changes in blood pressure in third trimester of pregnancy is the major concern of developing the risk of pre-eclampsia & eclampsia, and increased prevalence of IUGR, pre-maturity and perinatal mortality. This study reveals significant changes of blood pressure during third trimester of pregnancy.
A cross sectional descriptive study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex. The present study was performed on 70 post ...mortem human thyroid gland (35 of male and 35 of female) collected from the morgue in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh by purposive sampling technique. The specimens were collected from Bangladeshi cadavers of age ranging from 10 years to 85 years. All the specimens were grouped into three categories Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21 to 50 years) and Group C (>50 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The weight of the thyroid glands were measured and recorded. The mean weight of the thyroid gland was 6.94 ± 5.20 gm in Group A, 7.91 ± 5.89 gm in Group B and 10.42 ± 6.27 gm in Group C. The mean weight of the thyroid gland in male was 7.0 ± 5.77 gm in Group A, 9.94 ± 7.63 gm in Group B and 11.89 ± 5.73 gm in Group C and in female was 6.88 ± 4.88 gm in Group A, 5.88 ± 2.15 gm in Group B and 9.10 ± 6.74 gm in Group C. Variance analysis shows that there was no significant difference in mean weight between the Age Group A & B, B & C and C & A. There was significant difference of weight of thyroid gland between sex in age Group B but in Group A and Group C were statistically insignificant. The weight of the thyroid gland was found to increases with age. In statistical analysis, differences between age groups were analyzed by using one way ANOVA test. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the weight of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people.
This paper presents an optimal design of a linear motor considering two objective functions namely, maximum force and minimum saturation and design of air-cored solenoid with maximum inductance and ...minimum volume as the objective functions. The proposed approach differs from the traditional ones in its design of a multipheromone ant colony optimization (MACO) as well as the inclusion of steady state genetic algorithm (SSGA) and local search approach. Detailed numerical results on different multiobjective design applications are reported. The results obtained by our implementation substantiate the success of this new approach.
In this paper, a hybrid artificial intelligent approach based on the clonal selection principle of artificial immune system (AIS) and neural networks is proposed to solve multi-objective programming ...problems. Due to the sensitivity to the initial values of initial population of antibodies (Ab’s), neural networks is used to initialize the boundary of the antibodies for AIS to guarantee that all the initial population of Ab’s is feasible. The proposed approach uses dominance principle and feasibility to identify solutions that deserve to be cloned, and uses two types of mutation: uniform mutation is applied to the clones produced and non-uniform mutation is applied to the “not so good” antibodies. A secondary (or external) population that stores the nondominated solutions found along the search process is used. Such secondary population constitutes the elitist mechanism of our approach and it allows it to move towards the Pareto front.
This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the length, breadth & thickness of isthmus of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people. To fulfill this aim sixty postmortem tissue ...blocks containing thyroid gland and its neighbouring structures were collected by convenience sampling technique from 48 male and 12 female cadavers of different age groups, age ranging from 11 to 70 years and fixed and preserved in 10% formol-saline solution. Specimens were collected from dead bodies autopsied on different dates from October'2004 to February'2005 at the autopsy laboratory of Forensic Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Gross and fine dissection was carried out to study the length, breadth and thickness of isthmus of thyroid gland. In the present study, observed findings were compared with those of Western and Bangladeshi researchers. It was seen that the mean±SD lengths of isthmus were 10.42±7.49 mm, 10.17±5.70 mm and 9.33±6.64) mm in Group A(upto 18 years), B(19 to 45 years) and C(>45 years) respectively. Highest length (30mm) was observed in Group A and lowest length (2mm) was observed in Group C. Variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference in mean length between the age groups (F=0.086, p=0.918). The mean±SD values of breadth were 13.66±5.06 mm, 14±5.41 mm and 12.27±3.97 mm in Group A, B and C respectively. In the ranges, there was much overlapping among the groups. In Group B breadth of the isthmus was greater than other age groups. But these differences were statistically not significant, where F=0.430 & p=0.654. It was interesting to note that in this study the mean breadth of isthmus was significantly greater than the mean length (where, t=-2.727 and p=0.01). In the present study the mean±SD thickness of the isthmus of thyroid glands were 4.91±1.78 mm, 4.72±2.68 mm and 4.45±1.36 mm in three age groups respectively & the thickness of isthmus of thyroid gland was also greater in Group B than other two groups. But the variance analysis reveals that, there was insignificant difference in the thickness (F=0.133, p=0.876) of isthmus of thyroid gland among different age groups.
A cross sectional descriptive type of study was done in 98 women of reproductive age. Among them 25 were in control group of non pregnant women and 73 were pregnant women of 1st, 2nd and 3rd ...trimester of pregnancy with and without iron supplementation. The period of study was July 2004 to June 2005. The main objective of our study was to compare hemoglobin percent and packed cell volume (PCV) in pregnant and non pregnant women. In present study hemoglobin percent and packed cell volume was significantly decreased in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy when compared with the control group and same category of women who were not supplemented with iron. It is evident that the significantly low hemoglobin percent and packed cell volume (PCV) in pregnant women is due in part to dietary iron deficiency. Therefore, iron therapy in pregnancy is helpful to maintain the hemoglobin percent and packed cell volume nearer to that of non pregnant normal women.
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