Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of cell physiological activity and the reconstruction of extracellular environment. Matrix vesicles (MVs) are a type of EVs released by ...bone-related functional cells, and they participate in the regulation of cell mineralization. Here, we report bioinspired MVs embedded with black phosphorus (BP) and functionalized with cell-specific aptamer (denoted as Apt-bioinspired MVs) for stimulating biomineralization. The aptamer can direct bioinspired MVs to targeted cells, and the increasing concentration of inorganic phosphate originating from BP can facilitate cell biomineralization. The photothermal effect of the Apt-bioinspired MVs can also promote the biomineralization process by stimulating the upregulated expression of heat shock proteins and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, the Apt-bioinspired MVs display outstanding bone regeneration performance. Our strategy provides a method for designing bionic tools to study the mechanisms of biological processes and advance the development of medical engineering.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as an emerging environmental pollutant, have received widespread attention. There are many studies on ARGs in water and soil. However, there are few studies on ...airborne ARGs. We used qPCR to detect 19 ARG subtypes in six atmospheric environments. Among the different atmospheric environments including wastewater treatment plant (fine screens and sludge thickener), bathroom, laboratory, hospital and outdoor, the highest total concentration of ARGs is detected in the haze outdoor (9 × 105 copies/m3), while the lowest is in the bathroom atmosphere (4.2 × 104 copies/m3). Furthermore, β-lactam ARGs are found to be the dominant ARGs in these 6 atmospheric environments. Due to the large number and widespread use of antibiotics, the airborne ARGs in hospital have the highest diversity and equitability. The β-lactam ARGs are significantly positively correlated with sulfonamides ARGs, indicating the mechanism of co-resistance since these two ARGs may be on the same genetic elements and thus simultaneously exhibit both resistances. The network analysis provides potential host information between the airborne ARGs and the coexisted microbial taxa. Sphingomonas and Bradyhizoblum strains presumably host for tetracycline and β-lactam ARGs, respectively. The ADDoutdoor of blaTEM-1 was 7.8 × 105 copies/d/kg, more than the ADD (7.6 × 103 copies/d/kg) of blaTEM-1 by drinking water. We can't ignore ARGs in the atmospheric environments.
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•The total concentration of airborne ARGs is between 104 and 105 copies/m3.•β-Lactam ARGs were found to be the dominant ARGs in these 6 atmospheric environments.•The airborne ARGs in hospital have the highest diversity and equitability.•Sphingomonas strains presumably host for tetracycline ARGs.
The permanent magnet (PM) flux-switching linear motor, which is developed from the PM flux-switching rotary machine, possesses similar advantages such as high power density and simple structure. ...Furthermore, the PM flux-switching linear motor has a potential for mass production at low cost, since the expensive coils and magnets are both set on the short mover. However, the detent force which is induced by both slot-effect and end-effect deteriorates the motor performance. Some methods to reduce detent force which are effective in PM linear synchronous motors do not work in PM flux-switching linear motors, due to their special structure. This paper describes a new method to reduce the detent force by fixing assistant teeth on the mover ends. Finite element analysis shows some interesting results which will be detailed in this paper.
Abuse of antibiotics and their residues in the environment results in the emergence and prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and leads to serious health problems. Herein, a photon-controlled ...antibacterial platform that can efficiently kill drug-resistant bacteria and avoid the generation of new bacterial resistance was designed by encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and pharmaceuticals inside a thermal-sensitive liposome. The antibacterial platform can release pharmaceuticals in a spatial-, temporal-, and dosage-controlled fashion because the BPQDs can delicately generate heat under near-infrared light stimulation to disrupt the liposome. This user-defined delivery of drug can greatly reduce the antibiotic dosage, thus avoiding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and preventing the generation of superbugs. Moreover, by coupling the photothermal effect with antibiotics, this antibacterial platform achieved a synergistic photothermal-/pharmaco-therapy with significantly improved antibacterial efficiency toward drug-resistant bacteria. The antibacterial platform was further employed to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria-caused skin abscess and it displayed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo, promising its potential clinical applications. Additionally, the antibacterial mechanism was further investigated. The developed photon-controlled antibacterial platform can open new possibilities for avoiding bacterial resistance and efficiently killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making it valuable in fields ranging from antiinfective therapy to precision medicine.
The preparation of efficient and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts with superior stability for water splitting is a topic of significant current interest for hydrogen generation. A facile strategy has ...been developed to fabricate highly active electrodes with hierarchical porous structures by using a two‐step electrodeposition method, in which NiFe layered double hydroxide is grown in situ on a three‐dimensional hierarchical Ni mesh (NiFe/Ni/Ni). The as‐prepared NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes demonstrate remarkable structural stability with high surface areas, effective gas transportation, and fast electron transfer. Benefiting from the unique structure, the self‐supported NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes exhibit overpotentials of 190 mV and 300 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the self‐supported NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes also exhibit high performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and excellent stability at a current density of 500 mA cm−2 for both OER and HER. Remarkably, using NiFe/Ni/Ni as both the cathode and anode for alkaline water electrolysis, a current density of 500 mA cm−2 is attained at a cell voltage of 1.96 V. Additionally, the water electrolyzer demonstrates superior stability even at a large current density (500 mA cm−2) when subjected to high temperatures.
Nickel all the way down: NiFe‐layered double hydroxides are grown in situ on three‐dimensional hierarchical Ni supported on Ni mesh. Benefiting from the hierarchically porous structure with highly exposed active sites, effective gas transportation, and fast electron transfer, the resulting NiFe/Ni/Ni electrode exhibits superior activity for overall water splitting with high stability even under a large current density of 500 mA cm−2.
•24.7% of China’s final energy consumption in 2012 is caused by household consumption.•Energy linkages between supply side and demand side are shown in a Sankey diagram.•Adopting low-carbon ...consumption and decreasing energy intensity can conserve energy.•Energy conservation potential of several household consumption behaviors is revealed.
The household sector has become the second largest consumer of final energy, ranking only next to the industrial sector in China. Except for the direct energy consumption of the household sector, people’s consumption activities also indirectly affect the energy consumption of multiple production sectors. Previous studies have shed light upon consumer-oriented energy consumption and carbon emission, however, the critical problem of sector-to-sector energy linkages between supply side and demand side has not been fully addressed. Besides, there also lacks sufficient research on the energy conservation potential of residents’ lifestyle change. This paper investigates the direct and indirect impact of household consumption activities on energy consumption in China from the consumers’ lifestyle perspective based on the input-output analysis. The relationship between household energy consumption and industrial energy consumption and the effect of lifestyle change on energy conservation are also considered. It is estimated that China’s energy consumption caused by household consumption activities in 2012 is 29141.97 PJ in total, which accounts for 24.7% of the total final energy consumption. The indirect energy consumption of household consumption activities is 1.35 times more than the direct energy consumption. Housing activities cause the most indirect energy consumption, and the smelting and pressing industry of ferrous metal is the most energy-consuming industrial sector influenced by household consumption. We also find that adopting low-carbon consumption pattern and accelerating the decrease of energy intensity are both effective means to reduce the total energy consumption by scenario analysis. Finally the energy conservation potential by comparing different types of household consumption behaviors is revealed to make policy makers form vivid impressions on the importance of demand side regulation.
Distributed photovoltaic (DPV) is a promising solution to climate change. However, the widespread adoption of DPV faces challenges, such as high upfront costs, regulatory barriers, and market ...uncertainty. Addressing these barriers requires coordinating the interests of stakeholders in the promotion of DPV. Therefore, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model in a social network with the government, investment companies and residents as the main subjects and examines the influence of different subjects’ behavioral strategies on the promotion of DPV under the social learning mechanism. The results show that: (1) In the game equilibrium, both the government and residents hold a positive attitude towards the promotion of DPV; (2) Companies will obtain most of the subsidies through market power and information differences, resulting in the increase of government subsidies that do not always benefit residents; (3) The increase of energy consumption and pollution prevention costs can promote companies’ investment in DPV; (4) The increase of environmental protection taxes to a certain extent helps companies to take responsibility for promoting DPV, reducing the pressure on the government to promote it and increasing residents’ income. This study provides insights into the sustainable development of DPV.
Most research on influence maximization focuses on the network structure features of the diffusion process but lacks the consideration of multi-dimensional characteristics. This paper proposes the ...attributed influence maximization based on the crowd emotion, aiming to apply the user’s emotion and group features to study the influence of multi-dimensional characteristics on information propagation. To measure the interaction effects of individual emotions, we define the user emotion power and the cluster credibility, and propose a potential influence user discovery algorithm based on the emotion aggregation mechanism to locate seed candidate sets. A two-factor information propagation model is then introduced, which considers the complexity of real networks. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results outperform the heuristic methods and are almost consistent with the greedy methods yet with improved time performance.
Mechanoluminescence (ML) and room‐temperature photophosphorescence (RTP) were achieved in polymorphisms of a triphenylamine derivative with ortho‐substitution. This molecular packing‐dependent ...emission afforded crucial information to deeply understand the intrinsic mechanism of different emission forms and the possible packing–function relationship. With the incorporation of solid‐state 13C NMR spectra of single crystals, as well as the analysis of crystal structures, the preferred packing modes for ML and/or RTP were investigated in detail, which can guide the reasonable design of organic molecules with special light‐emission properties.
Mechanoluminescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence were separated in polymorphs with varied molecular packing. This afforded crucial information to deeply understand the packing–function relationship and the internal mechanism of different emission properties.
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•A novel Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 with the Cr(VI) bioreduction and biosorption capacity was isolated.•Cu2+ enhanced the reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) by Bacillus sp. CRB-B1.•Extracellular ...reduction was the main site of Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 reduction of Cr(VI).•The reduced Cr was mainly distributed outside the cell.
This study reported an efficient novel chromium reducing bacteria (Bacillus sp. CRB-B1) and investigated its removal mechanism. Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 could effectively reduce high level Cr(VI), under a wide range of shaking velocity (125–200 rpm), temperature (33–41 °C), pH (6–9). The co-existing ions Cd2+ and NO3- inhibited its Cr(VI) reduction capacity, while Cu2+ enhanced the reduction efficiency. In addition, Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 could reduce Cr(VI) using glucose and fructose as an electron donor. Micro-characterization analysis confirmed the Cr(VI) reduction and adsorption ability of Bacillus sp. CRB-B1. Cells degeneration result indicated that Cr(VI) removal was mainly bioreduction rather than biosorption. The cell-free suspension had a Cr(VI) removal rate of 68.5.%, which was significantly higher than that of cell-free extracts and cell debris, indicating Cr(VI) reduction mainly occurs extracellularly, and possibly mediated by extracellular reductase. The reduced Cr was mainly distributed in the extracellular suspension, and a small amount was accumulated in the cells. In conclusion, Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 was a highly efficient Cr(VI) reducing bacteria, which has potential in the remediation of Cr(VI)-containing water and soil.
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