Numerous studies have explored the interaction between physical activity (PA) and sleep quality illustrating the effect of physical exercise on sleep, yet previous researches have not investigated ...the relationship between physical exercise intensity and sleep quality.
This systematic review aims to examine the effect PA intensity on sleep quality in healthy populations.
We conducted a systematic review by searching latest 8 years publications. PubMed and Scopus were used to identify eligible studies with the searching terms, 'sleep quality' AND 'physical activity', within the timeframe between January 2010 and June 2018. All the included articles were systematically reviewed and analysed. The comparison of physical intensity and sleep quality was conducted based on the threshold of moderate PA and vigorous PA.
Fourteen studies were included in the review. Analyses revealed that moderate PA seems to be more effective than vigorous activity in improving sleep quality. Furthermore, moderate physical exercise is beneficial to sleep quality in both young and old populations.
Moderate exercise showed more promising outcome on sleep quality than vigorous exercise. Future studies are suggested to elaborate detailed exercise suggestions by considering age groups in order to make accurate recommendations for health promotion.
•This scoping review provides evidence on the determinants of sleep quality among college students.•The determinants of sleep quality include lifestyle factors, mental health factors, social factors ...and physical factors.•Sleep quality is greatly influenced by lifestyle factors, followed by mental health factors, social factors and physical factors.•Physical activity, as a determinant of sleep quality, has both positive and negative effects.
To review the various determinants of sleep quality among college students.
The PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched with the search string “sleep quality” AND “college students” for articles published between January 2007 and October 2017. Articles were excluded if they (1) examined sleep quality as a risk factor for other outcomes or (2) involved inpatients or participants under medical care.
The 112 identified studies were classified into categories according to the investigated determinants and their effect on sleep quality. Physical activity and healthy social relations improved sleep quality, while caffeine intake, stress and irregular sleep-wake patterns decreased sleep quality. Less consistent results were reported regarding eating habits and sleep knowledge, while proper napping during the day might improve overall sleep quality.
College students are vulnerable to different risk factors for sleep quality. When designing interventions to improve sleep quality among college students, the main determinants need to be taken into consideration.
In the past decade, noticeable progress has been achieved regarding fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. Fluorescence imaging in the NIR‐II window demonstrates ...superiorities of deep tissue penetration and high spatial and temporal resolution, which are beneficial for profiling physiological processes. Meanwhile, molecular imaging has emerged as an efficient tool to decipher biological activities on the molecular and cellular level. Extending molecular imaging into the NIR‐II window would enhance the imaging performance, providing more detailed and accurate information of the biological system. In this progress report, selected achievements made in NIR‐II molecular imaging are summarized. The organization of this report is based on strategies underlying rational designs of NIR‐II imaging probes, and their applications in molecular imaging are highlighted. This progress report may provide guidance and reference for further development of functional NIR‐II probes designed for high‐performance molecular imaging.
Molecular imaging enables visualization and understanding of physiological activities on the cellular and molecular level. The extension of the molecular imaging window into the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window can better fulfill requirements of clinical applications. In this progress report, recent advances of NIR‐II molecular imaging are summarized, providing insights for future development of NIR‐II molecular imaging.
This study explores the influence of the power of family business successors on firm innovation under the theory of social embeddedness. Based on the 2000–2019 unbalanced panel data of listed Chinese ...family enterprises, this study empirically examines the differences in the influence of the implicit and explicit power of successors on incremental and radical innovation respectively. Our findings show that explicit power has a more positive impact on incremental innovation, while implicit power is more conducive to promoting radical innovation. In addition, the study finds that the reason why the explicit power of succession does not have a significant impact on radical innovation, that is, the reason why board dissent is not related to radical innovation, is that some of the major innovation decisions in the enterprise are not all made at formal meetings. The research conclusions not only extend the theoretical application of social embeddedness in family enterprises, but also provide certain practical guidance for promoting enterprise innovation.
Particulate matter (PM), which is the primary contributor to air pollution, has become a pervasive global health threat. When PM enters into a respiratory tract, the first body tissues to be directly ...exposed are the cells of respiratory tissues and pulmonary surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant is a pivotal component to modulate surface tension of alveoli during respiration. Many studies have proved that PM would interact with pulmonary surfactant to affect the alveolar activity, and meanwhile, pulmonary surfactant would be adsorbed to the surface of PM to change the toxic effect of PM. This review focuses on recent studies of the interactions between micro/nanoparticles (synthesized and environmental particles) and pulmonary surfactant (natural surfactant and its models), as well as the health effects caused by PM through a few significant aspects, such as surface properties of PM, including size, surface charge, hydrophobicity, shape, chemical nature, etc. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PM leads to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, fibrosis, and cancerization in living bodies. By providing a comprehensive picture of PM-surfactant interaction, this review will benefit both researchers for further studies and policy-makers for setting up more appropriate regulations to reduce the adverse effects of PM on public health.
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•Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) reduces life expectancy.•Pulmonary surfactant is the initial tissues contacted with PM.•The interaction behaviors of PM and pulmonary surfactant are systematically reviewed.•Surface properties of PM determine PM-surfactant interactions.
Deep learning for in vivo near-infrared imaging Ma, Zhuoran; Wang, Feifei; Wang, Weizhi ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
01/2021, Volume:
118, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Detecting fluorescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) up to ∼1,700 nm has emerged as a novel in vivo imaging modality with high spatial and temporal resolution through millimeter tissue ...depths. Imaging in the NIR-IIb window (1,500-1,700 nm) is the most effective one-photon approach to suppressing light scattering and maximizing imaging penetration depth, but relies on nanoparticle probes such as PbS/CdS containing toxic elements. On the other hand, imaging the NIR-I (700-1,000 nm) or NIR-IIa window (1,000-1,300 nm) can be done using biocompatible small-molecule fluorescent probes including US Food and Drug Administration-approved dyes such as indocyanine green (ICG), but has a caveat of suboptimal imaging quality due to light scattering. It is highly desired to achieve the performance of NIR-IIb imaging using molecular probes approved for human use. Here, we trained artificial neural networks to transform a fluorescence image in the shorter-wavelength NIR window of 900-1,300 nm (NIR-I/IIa) to an image resembling an NIR-IIb image. With deep-learning translation, in vivo lymph node imaging with ICG achieved an unprecedented signal-to-background ratio of >100. Using preclinical fluorophores such as IRDye-800, translation of ∼900-nm NIR molecular imaging of PD-L1 or EGFR greatly enhanced tumor-to-normal tissue ratio up to ∼20 from ∼5 and improved tumor margin localization. Further, deep learning greatly improved in vivo noninvasive NIR-II light-sheet microscopy (LSM) in resolution and signal/background. NIR imaging equipped with deep learning could facilitate basic biomedical research and empower clinical diagnostics and imaging-guided surgery in the clinic.
The increasing demand for a whiter smile has resulted in an increased popularity for tooth whitening procedures. The most classic hydrogen peroxide-based whitening agents are effective, but can lead ...to enamel demineralization, gingival irritation, or cytotoxicity. Furthermore, these techniques are excessively time-consuming. Here, we report a nondestructive, harmless and convenient tooth whitening strategy based on a piezo-catalysis effect realized by replacement of abrasives traditionally used in toothpaste with piezoelectric particles. Degradation of organic dyes via piezo-catalysis of BaTiO
(BTO) nanoparticles was performed under ultrasonic vibration to simulate daily tooth brushing. Teeth stained with black tea, blueberry juice, wine or a combination thereof can be notably whitened by the poled BTO turbid liquid after vibration for 3 h. A similar treatment using unpoled or cubic BTO show negligible tooth whitening effect. Furthermore, the BTO nanoparticle-based piezo-catalysis tooth whitening procedure exhibits remarkably less damage to both enamel and biological cells.
Hexi Corridor is the most important base of commodity grain and producing area for cash crops. However, the rapid development of agriculture and industry has inevitably led to heavy metal ...contamination in the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis, GIS-based geostatistical methods and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor modeling techniques were used to understand the levels of heavy metals and their source apportionment for agricultural soil in Hexi Corridor. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were lower than the secondary standard of soil environmental quality; however, the concentrations of eight metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) were higher than background values, and their corresponding enrichment factor values were significantly greater than 1. Different degrees of heavy metal pollution occurred in the agricultural soils; specifically, Ni had the most potential for impacting human health. The results from the multivariate statistical analysis and GIS-based geostatistical methods indicated both natural sources (Co and W) and anthropogenic sources (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn). To better identify pollution sources of heavy metals in the agricultural soils, the PMF model was applied. Further source apportionment revealed that enrichments of Pb and Zn were attributed to traffic sources; Cr and Ni were closely related to industrial activities, including mining, smelting, coal combustion, iron and steel production and metal processing; Zn and Cu originated from agricultural activities; and V, Ti and Mn were derived from oil- and coal-related activities.
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•PCA and kriging interpolation introduced natural and anthropogenic sources.•Ni was the most potential for human health in Hexi Corridor farmland.•Using PMF to analyze sources of heavy metals in northwestern China.•Three anthropogenic sources were identified and quantified by PMF.
Many 2D few-layer materials show piezoelectric or pyroelectric effects due to the loss-of-inversion symmetry induced by broken structure, although they are not piezoelectric or pyroelectric in the ...bulk. In this work, we find that the puckered graphene-like 2D few-layer black phosphorene is pyroelectric and shows a pyro-catalytic effect, where the pyroelectric charges generated under ambient cold-hot alternation are utilized for hydrogen evolution and dye molecule decomposition. Under thermal cycling between 15 °C and 65 °C, the 2D few-layer black phosphorene shows a direct hydrogen generation of about 540 μmol per gram of catalyst after 24 thermal cycles and about 99% decomposition of Rhodamine B dye after 5 thermal cycles. This work opens a door for the pyro-catalytic energy harvesting from the cold-hot alternations by a class of 2D few-layer materials.
Microplastics are a growing concern globally due to their small size and easy ingestion by terrestrial and aquatic organisms, resulting in potential adverse impacts on wildlife. However, current data ...regarding microplastics in wild organisms in different trophic levels is limited. This study investigated microplastic characteristics, including their abundance, size, shape and polymer type, in estuarine invertebrates and vertebrates. Resultantly, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the predominant microplastics found, as confirmed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). An average microplastic abundance of 0.83 ± 0.99 to 3.87 ± 2.18 items/individual was detected across all species, including sandworm, mollusks, crustacean and fish, but they were not found in all individuals. Microplastics ranged from 52 μm to 5392 μm in size, and the shapes were consisted of fiber, fragment, and pellet. Moreover, the detection ratio (91.95%) and abundance (3.34 ± 2.17 items/individual) of microplastics in fish were significantly higher than in sandworm (42.86%, 0.88 ± 1.04 items/individual), mollusks (66.97%, 1.42 ± 1.41 items/individual) and crustaceans (66.66%, 1.33 ± 1.32 items/individual) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive relationship was identified between microplastic abundance and the trophic level of organisms. These findings imply that microplastics might transfer along the food chain and accumulate at organisms in higher trophic levels.
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•Estuarine wild organisms were sampled for microplastic analysis.•Microplastics were detected in 10 species but not all individuals.•PE, PP, PET, and PS dominated these microplastics in samples.•More microplastics were detected in organisms with higher trophic levels.•Microplastics might transfer along the trophic levels.
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