Iron is an essential metal ion in the human body and usually dysregulated in cancers. However, a comprehensive overview of the iron‐related genes and their clinical relevance in cancer is lacking. In ...this study, we utilized the expression profiling, proteomics, and epigenetics from the Cancer Genome Atlas database to systematically characterized the alterations of iron‐related genes. There were multiple iron‐related genes with dysregulation across 14 cancers and some of these ectopic changes may be associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Meanwhile, a variety of genes were significantly associated with patient survival, especially in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Then differentially expressed genes were validated in clinical samples. Finally, we found deferoxamine and erastin could inhibit proliferation in various tumor cells and influence the expression of several iron‐related genes. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of iron metabolism across cancers and highlights the potential treatment of iron targeted therapies for cancers.
We systematically analyzed dysregulation of iron metabolism genes using transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics data from the TCGA project. Our results showed that iron metabolism was dysregulated across different cancer types.
We study the general relativistic (GR) effects induced by a spinning supermassive black hole on the orbital and spin evolution of a merging black hole binary (BHB) in a hierarchical triple system. A ...sufficiently inclined outer orbit can excite Lidov-Kozai eccentricity oscillations in the BHB and induce its merger. These GR effects generate extra precessions on the BHB orbits and spins, significantly increasing the inclination window for mergers and producing a wide range of spin orientations when the BHB enters LIGO band. This "GR-enhanced" channel may play an important role in BHB mergers.
Nanostructured‐alloy‐type anodes have received great interest for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, these anodes experience huge volume fluctuations during repeated ...lithiation/delithiation and are easily pulverized and subsequently form aggregates. Herein, an efficient method to stabilize alloy‐type anodes by creating defects on the surface of the metal oxide support is proposed. As a demonstration, PPy‐encapsulated SnS2 nanosheets supported on defect‐rich TiO2 nanotubes were produced and investigated as an anode material for LIBs. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that defect‐rich TiO2 provides more chemical adhesions to SnS2 and discharge products, compared to defect‐poor TiO2, and then effectively stabilizes the electrode structure. As a result, the composite exhibits an unprecedented cycle stability. This work paves the way to designing durable and active nanostructured‐alloy‐type anodes on oxide supports.
PPy‐encapsulated SnS2 nanosheets strongly anchored onto a hydrogen‐treated TiO2 (H–TiO2) support have been successfully prepared as an anode for LIBs. As demonstrated by first principles, theoretical calculations, and experimental results, the superior binding between SnS2 and the H–TiO2 support via abundant Ti–S bonding, which is reinforced by the oxygen vacancy, contributes to the unprecedented cycle stability.
Nanostructured-alloy-type anodes have received great interest for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, these anodes experience huge volume fluctuations during repeated ...lithiation/delithiation and are easily pulverized and subsequently form aggregates. Herein, an efficient method to stabilize alloy-type anodes by creating defects on the surface of the metal oxide support is proposed. As a demonstration, PPy-encapsulated SnS
nanosheets supported on defect-rich TiO
nanotubes were produced and investigated as an anode material for LIBs. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that defect-rich TiO
provides more chemical adhesions to SnS
and discharge products, compared to defect-poor TiO
, and then effectively stabilizes the electrode structure. As a result, the composite exhibits an unprecedented cycle stability. This work paves the way to designing durable and active nanostructured-alloy-type anodes on oxide supports.
Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the two major types of layered materials under intensive investigation. However, the zero-bandgap nature of graphene and the relatively low ...mobility in TMDCs limit their applications. Here we reintroduce black phosphorus (BP), the most stable allotrope of phosphorus with strong intrinsic in-plane anisotropy, to the layered-material family. For 15-nm-thick BP, we measure a Hall mobility of 1,000 and 600 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) for holes along the light (x) and heavy (y) effective mass directions at 120 K. BP thin films also exhibit large and anisotropic in-plane optical conductivity from 2 to 5 μm. Field-effect transistors using 5 nm BP along x direction exhibit an on-off current ratio exceeding 10(5), a field-effect mobility of 205 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), and good current saturation characteristics all at room temperature. BP shows great potential for thin-film electronics, infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable.
We study the dynamical signatures of black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) binary mergers via Lidov-Kozai oscillations induced by tertiary companions in hierarchical triple systems. For each type of ...binary (BH-BH and BH-NS), we explore a wide range of binary/triple parameters that lead to binary mergers and determine the distributions of merger time Tm, eccentricity (em), and spin-orbit misalignment angle ( ) when the binary enters the LIGO/VIRGO band (10 Hz). We use the double-averaged (over both orbits) and single-averaged (over the inner orbit) secular equations, as well as N-body integration, to evolve systems with different hierarchy levels, including the leading-order post-Newtonian effect, de Sitter spin-orbit coupling, and gravitational radiation. We find that for merging BH-BH binaries with comparable masses, about 7% have em > 0.1 and 0.7% have em > 0.9. The majority of the mergers have significant eccentricities in the LISA band. The BH spin evolution and the final spin-orbit misalignment are correlated with the orbital evolution and em. Mergers with negligible em ( 10−3) have a distribution of that peaks around 90° (and thus favoring a projected binary spin parameter χeff ∼ 0), while mergers with larger em have more isotropic spin-orbit misalignments. For typical BH-NS binaries, strong octupole effects lead to more mergers with nonnegligible em (with ∼18% of the mergers having em > 0.1 and 2.5% having em > 0.9), and the final BH spin axis tends to be randomly oriented. Measurements or constraints on eccentric mergers and from LIGO/VIRGO and LISA would provide useful diagnostics on the dynamical formation of merging BH or NS binaries in triples. The recently detected BH merger events may implicate such dynamical formation channel.
Nanometer‐sized hydroxide active centers are uniformly and strongly hybridized into a graphene framework by means of defect‐anchored nucleation and spatially confined growth, resulting in a superior ...electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. This family of strongly coupled complexes and the topology‐assisted fabrication strategy is expected to open up new avenues of research. It sheds light on a novel branch of advanced nano‐architectured materials.
Peripheral nerve transection has a high prevalence and results in functional loss of affected limbs. The current clinical treatment using suture anastomosis significantly limits nerve recovery due to ...severe inflammation, secondary damage, and fibrosis. Fibrin glue, a commercial nerve adhesive as an alternative, avoids secondary damage but suffers from poor adhesion strength. To address their limitations, a highly efficacious nerve adhesive based on dual‐cross‐linking of dopamine‐isothiocyanate modified hyaluronic acid and decellularized nerve matrix is reportedr. This dual‐network nerve adhesive (DNNA) shows controllable gelation behaviors feasible for surgical applications, robust adhesion strength, and promotes axonal outgrowth in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy is tested using a rat‐based sciatic nerve transection model. The DNNA decreases fibrosis and accelerates axon/myelin debris clearance at 10 days post‐surgery, compared to suture and commercial fibrin glue treatments. At 10 weeks post‐surgery, the strong adhesion and bioactivity allow DNNA to significantly decrease intraneural inflammation and fibrosis, enhance axon connection and remyelination, aid motor and sensory function recovery, as well as improve muscle contraction, compared to suture and fibrin treatments. Overall, this dual‐network hydrogel with robust adhesion provides a rapid and highly efficacious nerve transection treatment to facilitate nerve repair and neuromuscular function recovery.
A dual‐network nerve adhesive is developed based on dopamine‐isothiocyanate modified hyaluronic acid (HA–TU–Cat) and decellularized nerve matrix (DPN). HA–TU–Cat cross‐links quickly through thiourea‐quinone couplings to form the first network. DPN is bioactive and self‐assembles physically into the second network. The two networks covalently bind with each other, enhancing the adhesion strength and promoting axonal growth.
A hard-core boson representation for an S=1 spin is developed and applied to the study of S=1 Heisenberg models with Ising and single-ion anisotropies near saturation magnetic field. By solving ...secular equation, energy spectra and existence region of two-magnon bound states, saturation magnetic field and a tricritical point to separate Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of one-magnon excitations and of two-magnon bound states are obtained. In combination with many-body techniques, effective interactions between two bosons are calculated in low density limit and BEC-induced long-range spin order and ferronematic order are discussed. A hard-core boson representation for a spin with a general spin amplitude S is also presented and compared with the Holstein–Primakoff transformation. The interconversion between one-magnon and two-magnon excitations makes it possible to mimick cold atom-molecule systems with S=1 magnets, and vice versa.
•Hard-core boson representation for S=1 spin.•Tricritical point to separate BEC of one-magnon excitations and of two-magnon bound states.•Hard-core boson representation for a spin with general spin amplitude S.
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